The Majeerteen ( so, Majeerteen, ar, ماجرتين; also spelled Majerteen, Macherten, Majertain, or Mijurtin) is a sub-clan. It is one of the major Somali groups, with a vast traditional territory spanning 3 major regions of Somalia:
Bari
Bari ( , ; nap, label= Barese, Bare ; lat, Barium) is the capital city of the Metropolitan City of Bari and of the Apulia region, on the Adriatic Sea, southern Italy. It is the second most important economic centre of mainland Southern Italy a ...
,
Nugaal
Nugaal is an intermittent river that runs along the Nugaal Valley. It begins several miles to the west of Sool, and ends at Eyl where the outlet flows into the Indian Ocean. It evaporates at the onset of the hagaa, the Somali dry season. Due to ...
and
Mudug
Mudug ( so, Mudug; it, Mudugh) is an administrative region ('' gobol'') in north-central Somalia. The population of Mudug is 131,455 as of 2005.
Overview
Physiographically, Mudug is bordered to the west by Ethiopia,Országismertető - Szomália ...
. From
Bosaso
Bosaso ( so, Boosaaso, ar, بوصاصو), historically known as Bender Cassim is a city in the northeastern Bari province ('' gobol'') of Somalia. It is the seat of the Bosaso District. Located on the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden, the mun ...
down to
Garacad
Garacad is a historic coastal town in the north east central Mudug region of Puntland, an autonomous state of Somalia
Somalia, , Osmanya script: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; ar, الصومال, aṣ-Ṣūmāl officially the Federa ...
, the Majerteen settle in what is literally considered to be the '
Horn of Africa
The Horn of Africa (HoA), also known as the Somali Peninsula, is a large peninsula and geopolitical region in East Africa.Robert Stock, ''Africa South of the Sahara, Second Edition: A Geographical Interpretation'', (The Guilford Press; 2004), ...
'. They can also be found in
Kismayo
Kismayo ( so, Kismaayo, Maay: ''Kismanyy'', ar, كيسمايو, ; it, Chisimaio) is a port city in the southern Lower Juba (Jubbada Hoose) province of Somalia. It is the commercial capital of the autonomous Jubaland region.
The city is situa ...
in southern Somalia. Its members form a part of the
Harti
Harti ( so, Harti, ar, هرتي), meaning "strong man", is a Somali clan family that is part of the Darod clan. The major sub-clans include the Majeerteen, Dhulbahante, Warsangali, Tinle, Maganlabe and Dishiishe, while other minor sub-clans ...
Darod
The Darod ( so, Daarood, ar, دارود) is a Somali clan. The forefather of this clan was Sheikh Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti, more commonly known as ''Darood''. The clan primarily settles the apex of the Horn of Africa and its peripherie ...
clan family, and primarily inhabit the
Puntland
Puntland ( so, Puntland, ar, أرض البنط, it, Terra di Punt or ''Paese di Punt''), officially the Puntland State of Somalia ( so, Dowlad Goboleedka Puntland ee Soomaaliya, ar, ولاية أرض البنط الصومالية), is a F ...
state of northern
Somalia
Somalia, , Osmanya script: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; ar, الصومال, aṣ-Ṣūmāl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constituti ...
.
Overview
The
Majeerteen Sultanates
The Majeerteen ( so, Majeerteen, ar, ماجرتين; also spelled Majerteen, Macherten, Majertain, or Mijurtin) is a sub-clan. It is one of the major Somali groups, with a vast traditional territory spanning 3 major regions of Somalia: Bari, ...
played an important role in the pre-independence era of Somalia. The Majeerteen also held many other significant government posts in the 1960s and 1970s, and continue to play a key role in Puntland state and Somalia as a whole.
For the treaty between the Majeerteen and colonial powers, see
"treaties".
Distribution
The Majeerteen are traditionally settled in Somalia's northern regions of
Bari
Bari ( , ; nap, label= Barese, Bare ; lat, Barium) is the capital city of the Metropolitan City of Bari and of the Apulia region, on the Adriatic Sea, southern Italy. It is the second most important economic centre of mainland Southern Italy a ...
,
Nugal and
Mudug
Mudug ( so, Mudug; it, Mudugh) is an administrative region ('' gobol'') in north-central Somalia. The population of Mudug is 131,455 as of 2005.
Overview
Physiographically, Mudug is bordered to the west by Ethiopia,Országismertető - Szomália ...
.
[Royal African Society, ''African Affairs'', Volume 101, (Oxford University Press: 2002) p.101.] They can also be found in
Kismayo
Kismayo ( so, Kismaayo, Maay: ''Kismanyy'', ar, كيسمايو, ; it, Chisimaio) is a port city in the southern Lower Juba (Jubbada Hoose) province of Somalia. It is the commercial capital of the autonomous Jubaland region.
The city is situa ...
in southern Somalia due to migrations starting in the 19th century along with their fellow members of the larger
Harti
Harti ( so, Harti, ar, هرتي), meaning "strong man", is a Somali clan family that is part of the Darod clan. The major sub-clans include the Majeerteen, Dhulbahante, Warsangali, Tinle, Maganlabe and Dishiishe, while other minor sub-clans ...
subclan, the
Dhulbahante
The Dhulbahante ( so, Dhulbahante, ar, دلبةنتئ) is a Somali clan family, part of the Harti clan which itself belongs to the largest Somali clan-family — the Darod. They are the traditional inhabitants of the physiographic Nugaal in its ...
,
Dishiishe
The Darod ( so, Daarood, ar, دارود) is a Somali clan. The forefather of this clan was Sheikh Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti, more commonly known as ''Darood''. The clan primarily settles the apex of the Horn of Africa and its peripherie ...
and
Warsangeli
The Warsangali ( so, Warsangeli, ar, قبيلة ورسنجلي) is a major Somali sub clan, part of the Harti clan which itself belongs to one of the largest Somali clan-families - the Darod. In the Somali language, the name Warsangali means ...
.
The Majeerteen are traditionally settled in the land in-between
Bandar Siyada
Qaw ( so, Qaw), also known as Bandar Siyada, is a populated place in the northeastern Bari region of Somalia.
Qaw is situated in the Bosaso District of the autonomous Puntland region. The town was founded by the Warsangali and
Majeerteen. It host ...
an ancient port town facing the
Gulf of Aden
The Gulf of Aden ( ar, خليج عدن, so, Gacanka Cadmeed 𐒅𐒖𐒐𐒕𐒌 𐒋𐒖𐒆𐒗𐒒) is a deepwater gulf of the Indian Ocean between Yemen to the north, the Arabian Sea to the east, Djibouti to the west, and the Guardafui Channe ...
, and
Garacad
Garacad is a historic coastal town in the north east central Mudug region of Puntland, an autonomous state of Somalia
Somalia, , Osmanya script: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; ar, الصومال, aṣ-Ṣūmāl officially the Federa ...
a coastal port town, facing the
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by th ...
and all the land in between which corresponds to the area encompassing the Horn of Africa.
Therefore, the Majerteen are settled in what is literally considered to be 'the Horn of Africa'.
Some Majeerteen people are also found in the
Somali Region
The Somali Region ( so, Deegaanka Soomaalida, am, ሱማሌ ክልል, Sumalē Kilil, ar, المنطقة الصومالية), also known as Soomaali Galbeed (''Western Somalia'') and officially the Somali Regional State, is a regional state ...
in
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...
, specifically in the
Dollo Zone
Dollo ( so, Doollo) is one of the nine zones in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. It was previously known as Warder/Werder, so named after its largest city, Warder. Dollo is bordered on the southwest by Korahe, on the northwest by Jarar, on the ...
near the Somalia border.
The Majeerteen are part of Darod subclans within Somalia.
The Majeerteen are more commonly found in the cities of
Bosaso
Bosaso ( so, Boosaaso, ar, بوصاصو), historically known as Bender Cassim is a city in the northeastern Bari province ('' gobol'') of Somalia. It is the seat of the Bosaso District. Located on the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden, the mun ...
,
Garowe
Garowe ( so, Garoowe, ar, غَاْرَّوْؤَيَ, and
Galkacyo
Galkayo ( so, Gaalkacyo, ar, جالكعيو Dr Badal Kariye Ba Bsit Ma Mba & Phd, ''The Kaleidoscopic Lover: The Civil War in the Horn of Africa & My Itinerary for a Peaceful Lover'', (AuthorHouse: 2010), p.116.) which in Af- Somali translates t ...
which are all regional capitals of
Bari, Somalia
Bari ( so, Bari, ar, باري) is an administrative region ('' gobol'') in northeastern Somalia.⁹
Overview
It is bordered by Sool and Sanaag to the west, Nugal to the south, the Gulf of Aden to the north and the Guardafui Channel to the eas ...
,
Nugal, Somalia
Nugal ( so, Nugaal, ar, نوغال, it, Nogal), traditionally known as Nugaaleed-Bari or Bari-Nugaal meaning eastern Nugaal, or Nugaal xaggeeda hoose meaning ''lower Nugaal'', is an administrative region ('' gobol'') in northern Somalia.
Over ...
and
Mudug
Mudug ( so, Mudug; it, Mudugh) is an administrative region ('' gobol'') in north-central Somalia. The population of Mudug is 131,455 as of 2005.
Overview
Physiographically, Mudug is bordered to the west by Ethiopia,Országismertető - Szomália ...
respectively.
The
Osman Mahmud (Cismaan Maxamuud), Omar Mahmud (Cumar Maxamuud), and Isse Mahmoud (Ciise Maxamuud) – comprise the Maxamuud Saleebaan, Muuse Salebaan known as Ugaar Saleebaan is also a major subclan
which a 2010 study identifies as both the main division of Majeerteen and a central and unifying entity in Puntland. During the 1960s, the Ali Saleebaan (or Cali Saleebaan), Wadalmuge and Ciise Maxamuud formed a powerful business class in
Kismayo
Kismayo ( so, Kismaayo, Maay: ''Kismanyy'', ar, كيسمايو, ; it, Chisimaio) is a port city in the southern Lower Juba (Jubbada Hoose) province of Somalia. It is the commercial capital of the autonomous Jubaland region.
The city is situa ...
,
while
Siad Barre exploited a rivalry between the Cali Saleebaan and Cumar Maxamuud in an effort to weaken the Majeerteen in general.
Historically, the Cali Saleebaan formed part of a coastal trading network around
Bosaso
Bosaso ( so, Boosaaso, ar, بوصاصو), historically known as Bender Cassim is a city in the northeastern Bari province ('' gobol'') of Somalia. It is the seat of the Bosaso District. Located on the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden, the mun ...
, along with other subclans.
Majeerteen Sultanates
Before the famous
Majeerteen Sultanate
The Majeerteen Sultanate ( so, Suldanadda Majeerteen 𐒈𐒚𐒐𐒆𐒖𐒒𐒖𐒆𐒆𐒖 𐒑𐒖𐒃𐒜𐒇𐒂𐒜𐒒, lit=Boqortooyada Majerteen, ar, سلطنة مجرتين), also known as Majeerteen Kingdom or Majeerteenia and Migiu ...
there was the Sultanate of Amaanle (Abdirahman Awe) which was overthrown and overtaken by
Osman Mahamuud
Osman Mahamuud ( so, Cismaan Maxamuud, ar, عثمان محمود), also known as `Uthman III ibn Mahmud, was a Somali king. He led the Majeerteen Sultanate during the 19th century.
Majeerteen Sultanate
The Majeerteen Sultanate was established by ...
who became the subsequent King and Sultan. The
Majeerteen Sultanate
The Majeerteen Sultanate ( so, Suldanadda Majeerteen 𐒈𐒚𐒐𐒆𐒖𐒒𐒖𐒆𐒆𐒖 𐒑𐒖𐒃𐒜𐒇𐒂𐒜𐒒, lit=Boqortooyada Majerteen, ar, سلطنة مجرتين), also known as Majeerteen Kingdom or Majeerteenia and Migiu ...
was founded in the early-16th century. It rose to prominence in the 19th century, under the reign of the resourceful
King
King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen, which title is also given to the consort of a king.
*In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the tit ...
(''
Boqor
This is a list of Somali aristocratic and court titles that were historically used by the Somali people's various sultanates, kingdoms and empires. Also included are the honorifics reserved for Islamic notables as well as traditional leaders an ...
'')
Osman Mahamuud
Osman Mahamuud ( so, Cismaan Maxamuud, ar, عثمان محمود), also known as `Uthman III ibn Mahmud, was a Somali king. He led the Majeerteen Sultanate during the 19th century.
Majeerteen Sultanate
The Majeerteen Sultanate was established by ...
.
Helen Chapin Metz
Helen Chapin Metz (April 12, 1928 – May 13, 2011) was an American editor and Middle East analyst.
Life
Helen Chapin was born on April 12, 1928, in Peking, China. She was the daughter of diplomat Selden Chapin and Mary Paul Noyes. Her brother, ...
, ed., ''Somalia: a country study'', (The Division: 1993), p.10. His Sultanate controlled Bari Karkaar, Nugaaal and also central Somalia in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The polity maintained a robust trading network, entered into treaties with foreign powers, and exerted strong centralized authority on the domestic front.
[''Horn of Africa'', Volume 15, Issues 1-4, (Horn of Africa Journal: 1997), p.130.][''Transformation towards a regulated economy'', (WSP Transition Programme, Somali Programme: 2000) p.62.]
Osman Mahamuud's Sultanate was nearly destroyed in the late-1800s by a power struggle between himself and his ambitious cousin,
Yusuf Ali Kenadid
Yusuf Ali Kenadid ( so, Yuusuf Cali Keenadiid; 1837 - 14 August 1911) was a Somali Sultan. He was the founder of the Sultanate of Hobyo in April 1878. He was succeeded atop the throne by his son Ali Yusuf Kenadid.
Family
Yusuf Ali Kenadid was bo ...
who founded the
Sultanate of Hobyo
The Sultanate of Hobyo ( so, Saldanadda Hobyo, ar, سلطنة هوبيو), also known as the Sultanate of Obbia,''New International Encyclopedia'', Volume 21, (Dodd, Mead: 1916), p.283. was a 19th-century Somali people, Somali kingdom in present ...
in 1878. Initially he wanted to seize control of the neighbouring Majeerteen Sultanate, ruled by his cousin ''
Boqor
This is a list of Somali aristocratic and court titles that were historically used by the Somali people's various sultanates, kingdoms and empires. Also included are the honorifics reserved for Islamic notables as well as traditional leaders an ...
''
Osman Mahamud
Osman Mahamuud ( so, Cismaan Maxamuud, ar, عثمان محمود), also known as `Uthman III ibn Mahmud, was a Somali king. He led the Majeerteen Sultanate during the 19th century.
Majeerteen Sultanate
The Majeerteen Sultanate was established b ...
. However,
Yusuf Ali Kenadid
Yusuf Ali Kenadid ( so, Yuusuf Cali Keenadiid; 1837 - 14 August 1911) was a Somali Sultan. He was the founder of the Sultanate of Hobyo in April 1878. He was succeeded atop the throne by his son Ali Yusuf Kenadid.
Family
Yusuf Ali Kenadid was bo ...
was unsuccessful in his endeavour, and was eventually forced into exile in
Yemen
Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, north and ...
. A decade later, in the 1870s, Yusuf Ali Kenadid returned from the
Arabian Peninsula
The Arabian Peninsula, (; ar, شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّة, , "Arabian Peninsula" or , , "Island of the Arabs") or Arabia, is a peninsula of Western Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plate ...
with a band of
Hadhrami musketeer
A musketeer (french: mousquetaire) was a type of soldier equipped with a musket. Musketeers were an important part of early modern warfare particularly in Europe as they normally comprised the majority of their infantry. The musketeer was a pre ...
s and a group of devoted lieutenants. With their assistance, he managed to overpower the local
Hawiye
The Hawiye ( so, Hawiye, ar, بنو هوية, it, Hauija) is the largest Somali clan family. Members of this clan traditionally inhabit central and southern Somalia, Somaliland, Ethiopia ( Somali, Harar, Oromia and Afar regions) and the Nor ...
clans and establish the Kingdom of Hobyo in 1878.
[Lee V. Cassanelli, ''The shaping of Somali society: reconstructing the history of a pastoral people, 1600-1900'', (University of Pennsylvania Press: 1982), p.75.]
As with the Majeerteen Sultanate, the Sultanate of Hobyo exerted a strong centralized authority during its existence, and possessed all of the organs and trappings of an integrated modern state: a functioning bureaucracy, a hereditary nobility, titled aristocrats, a state flag, as well as a professional army.
[Michigan State University. African Studies Center, Northeast African studies, Volumes 11-12, (Michigan State University Press: 1989), p.32.] Both sultanates also maintained written records of their activities, which still exist.
In the late 19th century, all extant northern Somali monarchs entered into treaties with one of the colonial powers, Abyssinia, Britain or Italy, except for the Dhulbahante. Likewise, in late 1889, Boqor Osman entered into a treaty with the
Italians
, flag =
, flag_caption = The national flag of Italy
, population =
, regions = Italy 55,551,000
, region1 = Brazil
, pop1 = 25–33 million
, ref1 =
, region2 ...
, making his realm an Italian
protectorate
A protectorate, in the context of international relations, is a State (polity), state that is under protection by another state for defence against aggression and other violations of law. It is a dependent territory that enjoys autonomy over m ...
. His rival Sultan Kenadid had signed a similar agreement vis-a-vis his own Sultanate the year before. Both rulers had signed the protectorate treaties to advance their own expansionist objectives, with Boqor Osman looking to use Italy's support in his ongoing power struggle with Kenadid over the Majeerteen Sultanate. Boqor Osman and Sultan Kenadid also hoped to exploit the conflicting interests among the European imperial powers that were then looking to control the Somali peninsula, so as to avoid direct occupation of their territories by force.
[The Majeerteen Sultanates]
The relationship between the
Sultanate of Hobyo
The Sultanate of Hobyo ( so, Saldanadda Hobyo, ar, سلطنة هوبيو), also known as the Sultanate of Obbia,''New International Encyclopedia'', Volume 21, (Dodd, Mead: 1916), p.283. was a 19th-century Somali people, Somali kingdom in present ...
and Italy soured when Sultan Kenadid refused the Italians' proposal to allow a
British
British may refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies.
** Britishness, the British identity and common culture
* British English, ...
contingent of troops to disembark in his Sultanate so that they might then pursue their battle against
Mohammed Abdullah Hassan
Sayid Mohamed Abdullahi Hassan ( so, Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan; 1856–1920) was a Somali religious and military leader of the Dervish movement, which led a two-decade long confrontation with various colonial empires including the British, ...
's
Dervish forces.
Viewed as too much of a threat by the Italians, Sultan Kenadid was eventually exiled to
Aden
Aden ( ar, عدن ' Yemeni: ) is a city, and since 2015, the temporary capital of Yemen, near the eastern approach to the Red Sea (the Gulf of Aden), some east of the strait Bab-el-Mandeb. Its population is approximately 800,000 people. ...
in Yemen and then to
Eritrea
Eritrea ( ; ti, ኤርትራ, Ertra, ; ar, إرتريا, ʾIritriyā), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of Eastern Africa, with its capital and largest city at Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia ...
, as was his son
Ali Yusuf, the heir apparent to his throne.
Osman Yusuf Kenadid
Osman Yusuf Kenadid ( so, Cusmaan Yuusuf Keenadiid; ar, عثمان يوسف كيناديد; 1889 – 14 August 1972) was a Somali poet, writer, teacher and ruler. Born in Ceel Huur in 1889, he went on to create the Osmanya alphabet for writin ...
, the son of the first Sultan
Yusuf Ali Kenadid
Yusuf Ali Kenadid ( so, Yuusuf Cali Keenadiid; 1837 - 14 August 1911) was a Somali Sultan. He was the founder of the Sultanate of Hobyo in April 1878. He was succeeded atop the throne by his son Ali Yusuf Kenadid.
Family
Yusuf Ali Kenadid was bo ...
, was a famous poet and scholar.
Osman Yusuf Kenadid
Osman Yusuf Kenadid ( so, Cusmaan Yuusuf Keenadiid; ar, عثمان يوسف كيناديد; 1889 – 14 August 1972) was a Somali poet, writer, teacher and ruler. Born in Ceel Huur in 1889, he went on to create the Osmanya alphabet for writin ...
was the inventor of the first phonetically standard script for the Somali language in the 1920s, the
Osmanya
The Osmanya script ( so, Farta Cismaanya 𐒍𐒖𐒇𐒂𐒖 𐒋𐒘𐒈𐒑𐒛𐒒𐒕𐒖), also known as Far Soomaali (𐒍𐒖𐒇 𐒘𐒝𐒈𐒑𐒛𐒘, "Somali writing") and, in Arabic, as ''al-kitābah al-ʿuthmānīyah'' (الكتا ...
Script.
Lineage
There is no clear agreement on the clan and sub-clan structures and many lineages are omitted. The following listing is taken from the
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. The World Bank is the collective name for the Interna ...
's ''Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics'' from 2005 and the
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
's
Home Office publication, ''Somalia Assessment 2001''.
[Worldbank, ]
Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics
'', January 2005, Appendix 2, Lineage Charts, p.55 Figure A-1[Country Information and Policy Unit, Home Office, Great Britain, Somalia Assessment 2001, Annex B: Somali Clan Structure](_blank)
, p. 43
* Shiekh
Darod
The Darod ( so, Daarood, ar, دارود) is a Somali clan. The forefather of this clan was Sheikh Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti, more commonly known as ''Darood''. The clan primarily settles the apex of the Horn of Africa and its peripherie ...
(Daarood bin Ismaciil)
** Marehan
*** Red Dini
*** Rer Hassan
*** Cali Dheere
** Kabalah
*** Absame
**** Ogaden
***** Makabul
***** Mohamed Zubeir
***** Aulihan
*****Bah-geri
**** Jidwaq
*** Harti
****
Dhulbahante
The Dhulbahante ( so, Dhulbahante, ar, دلبةنتئ) is a Somali clan family, part of the Harti clan which itself belongs to the largest Somali clan-family — the Darod. They are the traditional inhabitants of the physiographic Nugaal in its ...
(Dolbahante)
****
Dishiishe
The Darod ( so, Daarood, ar, دارود) is a Somali clan. The forefather of this clan was Sheikh Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti, more commonly known as ''Darood''. The clan primarily settles the apex of the Horn of Africa and its peripherie ...
(Dishishe)
****
Warsangali
The Warsangali ( so, Warsangeli, ar, قبيلة ورسنجلي) is a major Somali sub clan, part of the Harti clan which itself belongs to one of the largest Somali clan-families - the Darod. In the Somali language, the name Warsangali means ...
(Warsengeli)
**** Majeerteen (Mijerteen)
*****Wabeeneeye
*****Idigfale (Muuse Noleys)
*****Danweyne (Abdalle Noleys)
*****Amaanle
*****Guddoonwaaq
*****Filkucaag
*****Amartiwaaq
*****Tabale
*****Ali Jibraahiil
*****Nuux Jibrahiil
*****Cabdirixiin Ibraahim
*****Wadalmoge
*****Reer Umar
*****Reer Maxamuud
******Abukar Maxamuud
*******Faarax Ismacil
*******Ciise Ismacil
*******Maxamed Ismacil
******Qaasin Maxamuud
*******Maxamed Qaasin
*******Axmed Qaasin
*******Aadan Qaasin
*******Bare Qaasin
*******Ibraahim Qaasin
*****Reer Bicidyahan
*****Siwaaqroon
******Abdirahman
*******Adan Abdiraxman
********Ibrahim Abdisamad
********Yoonis Abdisamad
********Mohamud Abdisamad
*******Cawlyahan (Obokor Abdiraxman)
********Ciise Cawlyahan
********Jibriil Cawlyahan
********Hashim Cawlyahan
******Mohammed
*****Ugaar Saleebaan
*****Ismail Saleebaan
*****Ali Saleebaan
******Bicidyahan Ali
******Auliyahan Ali
******Omar Ali
******Adam Ali
******Ismail Ali
*****Maxamuud Saleebaan
******
Cismaan Maxamuud
******Cumar Maxamuud
******Ciise Maxamuud
Groups
*
Taargooye
Haroun, also called Fadhiweyn, and natively transliterated as Xarunta in Somali, was a government and headquarters of the Dervishes, headed by Faarax Mahmud Sugulle. According to Claude Edward Marjoribanks Dansey, the political officer in th ...
, an exclusively Majeerteen Darawiish administrative division and disbanded in 1910 when its constituents became mutinous
*
SSDF was a predominantly Majeerteen political group from the 1980s to 1990s
Notable People
Presidents & primistersministers
*mohamed musse hirse boqor ( cade muse) President of puntland
*
Abdirashid Shermarke
Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke ( so, Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarke, ar, عبد الرشيد علي شارماركي) (8 June 1919 – 15 October 1969), also known as Abdirashid Shermarke, was Prime Minister of Somali Republic from 12 July 1960, to 14 J ...
, first Prime Minister of Somalia, second President of Somalia (10 June 1967 until 16 October 1969)
*
Abdirizak Haji Hussein
Abdirizak Haji Hussein ( so, Cabdirisaaq Xaaji Xuseen; ar, عبد الرزاق حاجي حسين; 24 December 192431 January 2014) was a Somali diplomat and politician. He was the Prime Minister of Somali Republic from 14 June 1964 to 15 Ju ...
, former Prime Minister of Somalia (1964–1967), and former Secretary General of the Somali Youth League.
*
, former
Prime Minister
A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...
of Somalia, and former President of Puntland.
*
Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, former
President of Somalia, President of
Puntland
Puntland ( so, Puntland, ar, أرض البنط, it, Terra di Punt or ''Paese di Punt''), officially the Puntland State of Somalia ( so, Dowlad Goboleedka Puntland ee Soomaaliya, ar, ولاية أرض البنط الصومالية), is a F ...
and leader/co-founder of the
Somali Salvation Democratic Front
Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF) ( so, Jabhadda Diimuqraadiga Badbaadinta Soomaaliyeed), initially known as the Democratic Front for Salvation of Somalia, was a political and paramilitary umbrella organization in Somalia. Founded in 1978 ...
.
*
Omar Sharmarke, former Prime Minister of Somalia, and son of Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke
*
Said Abdullahi Dani
Said Abdullahi Deni (, ; born 1966 or 1967, also known as Said Deni, is the current president of Puntland.
Previously, he served as the minister of planning of Somalia, after having been appointed to the position on 17 January 2014 by the prime ...
, former Minister of Planning of Somalia, current President of Puntland.
Royalty
*
Abdulkadir Isse Ahmed Salah, Sultan of the Ugaar Saleebaan of Majeerteen
*
Ali Yusuf Kenadid
Ali Yusuf Kenadid ( so, Cali Yuusuf Keenadiid, ar, علي يوسف كينايديض) was a Somali ruler. He was the second ruler of the Sultanate of Hobyo.
History
Ali Yusuf was born into a Majeerteen Darod family. His father, Sultan Yusuf Ali ...
, last Sultan of the
Sultanate of Hobyo
The Sultanate of Hobyo ( so, Saldanadda Hobyo, ar, سلطنة هوبيو), also known as the Sultanate of Obbia,''New International Encyclopedia'', Volume 21, (Dodd, Mead: 1916), p.283. was a 19th-century Somali people, Somali kingdom in present ...
*
Osman Mahamuud
Osman Mahamuud ( so, Cismaan Maxamuud, ar, عثمان محمود), also known as `Uthman III ibn Mahmud, was a Somali king. He led the Majeerteen Sultanate during the 19th century.
Majeerteen Sultanate
The Majeerteen Sultanate was established by ...
, King of the
Majeerteen Sultanate
The Majeerteen Sultanate ( so, Suldanadda Majeerteen 𐒈𐒚𐒐𐒆𐒖𐒒𐒖𐒆𐒆𐒖 𐒑𐒖𐒃𐒜𐒇𐒂𐒜𐒒, lit=Boqortooyada Majerteen, ar, سلطنة مجرتين), also known as Majeerteen Kingdom or Majeerteenia and Migiu ...
(mid-1800s-early 1900s)
*
Yusuf Ali Kenadid
Yusuf Ali Kenadid ( so, Yuusuf Cali Keenadiid; 1837 - 14 August 1911) was a Somali Sultan. He was the founder of the Sultanate of Hobyo in April 1878. He was succeeded atop the throne by his son Ali Yusuf Kenadid.
Family
Yusuf Ali Kenadid was bo ...
, founder of the Sultanate of Hobyo
Military
*
Abdullahi Ahmed Irro, Somali General, founded the National Academy for Strategy.
* Siciid Jigrati, mentioned in the
Geoffrey Archer's 1916 important members of Darawiish haroun list
* Abshir Dhoorre, mentioned in the
Geoffrey Archer's 1916 important members of Darawiish haroun list
* Xirsi Bile, mentioned in the
Geoffrey Archer's 1916 important members of Darawiish haroun list
*
Jama Ali Jama
Jama Ali Jama ( so, Jaamac Cali Jaamac, ar, جامع علي جامع) is a Somali politician. He was the President of Puntland from November 14, 2001, to May 8, 2002.
Early life
Jama was born to a family from the Osman Mahmoud sub-clan of the ...
, Colonel in the Somali military and former President of Puntland
*
Mohamed Abshir Muse
Mohamed Abshir Muse ( so, Maxamed Abshir Muuse, ar, محمد أبشير موسى); July 01, 1926 — October 25, 2017 also known as Mahamed Abshir Haamaan, was a prominent Somali General and the first Commander of the Somali Police Force.
Early ...
first commander of the Somali Police Force
Enterprisers
*
Abdulqawi Yusuf
Abdulqawi Ahmed Yusuf ( so, Cabdulqaawi Axmed Yuusuf) is a Somali lawyer and judge serving on the International Court of Justice since 2009. He served as the court's president from 2018 to 2021.
Early life
Yusuf was born in the northeastern t ...
, lawyer and judge at the International Court of Justice.
*
Ali A. Abdi, sociologist and educationist, professor of education and international development, the
University of British Columbia
The University of British Columbia (UBC) is a public university, public research university with campuses near Vancouver and in Kelowna, British Columbia. Established in 1908, it is British Columbia's oldest university. The university ranks a ...
.
*
Ali Haji Warsame, entrepreneur, former Chief Executive Officer of Golis Telecom Somalia
*
Iman (Zara Mohamed Abdulmajid), a Somali-American
fashion model
A model is a person with a role either to promote, display or advertise commercial products (notably fashion clothing in fashion shows) or to serve as a visual aid for people who are creating works of art or to pose for photography. Thoug ...
, actress and entrepreneur. A pioneer in the ethnic-cosmetics market, she is also noted for her philanthropic work. She is the widow of English rock musician
David Bowie
David Robert Jones (8 January 194710 January 2016), known professionally as David Bowie ( ), was an English singer-songwriter and actor. A leading figure in the music industry, he is regarded as one of the most influential musicians of the ...
.
*
Maxamed Daahir Afrax
Maxamed Daahir Afrax ( so, Maxamed Daahir Afraax, ar, محمد طاهر أفرح) Ph. D. is a Somali novelist, playwright, journalist and scholar.
Biography
Afrax was born and raised in Somalia. He began his education early as a child and was ...
, novelist, playwright, journalist and scholar
*
Mohammed Awale Liban
Hagi Mohammed Awale Liban ( so, Maxamed Cawaale Liibaan, ar, محمد عوالي ليبان ) was a Somali scholar. He is noted for having designed the flag of Somalia in 1954.Maria Costantino, ''The Illustrated Flag Handbook'', (Gramercy Books: ...
, designed the
flag of Somalia
The flag of Somalia ( so, Calanka Soomaaliyeed, ar, علم الصومال), also known as the Somali flag, was adopted on October 12, 1954, and was designed by Mohammed Awale Liban. The flag was initially used within the Trust Territory of Somal ...
*
Omar A. Ali
Omar Abdi Ali ( so, Cumar Cabdi Cali, ar, عمر عبدي علي) is a Somali people, Somali entrepreneur, accountant, financial consultant, philanthropist, and a leading specialist on Islamic economic jurisprudence, Islamic finance. From 1986 t ...
, entrepreneur, accountant, financial consultant, philanthropist, and leading specialist on Islamic finance.
*
Shire Haji Farah
Shire Haji Farah Yusuf ( so, Shire Xaaji Faarax, ar, شيري حاجي فرح) is a Somali entrepreneur. He is the Minister of Planning and International Relations of Puntland.
Biography
Farah hails from the autonomous Puntland region in northe ...
, entrepreneur, and Executive Committee Member of the Somali Business Council
*
Yaasiin Cismaan Keenadiid
Yasin Osman Kenadid ( so, Yaasiin Cismaan Keenadiid, ar, ياسين عثمان كينايديض) (1919–27 November 1988) was a Somali intellectual, writer and linguist. He was an influential literary scholar, having written a seminal dictionar ...
, traditional Somali linguist
*
Yasin Haji Osman Sharmarke
Yasin Haji Osman Sharmarke ( so, Yaasiin Haaji 'Ismaan Shirmarke, ar, ياسين الحاج عثمان شارماركي) was a Somali political figure and activist.
History
He was the leader and founder of the Somali Youth League (SYL), So ...
, leader and co-founder of the
Somali Youth League
*
Osman Yusuf Kenadid
Osman Yusuf Kenadid ( so, Cusmaan Yuusuf Keenadiid; ar, عثمان يوسف كيناديد; 1889 – 14 August 1972) was a Somali poet, writer, teacher and ruler. Born in Ceel Huur in 1889, he went on to create the Osmanya alphabet for writin ...
, inventor of the
Osmanya
The Osmanya script ( so, Farta Cismaanya 𐒍𐒖𐒇𐒂𐒖 𐒋𐒘𐒈𐒑𐒛𐒒𐒕𐒖), also known as Far Soomaali (𐒍𐒖𐒇 𐒘𐒝𐒈𐒑𐒛𐒘, "Somali writing") and, in Arabic, as ''al-kitābah al-ʿuthmānīyah'' (الكتا ...
writing script
Politicians
*
Ali Abdi Aware, former Puntland State Minister of the Presidency for International relations and Social Affairs.
*
Asha Gelle Dirie
Asha Gelle Dirie ( so, Caasha Geelle Diriye, ar, آشا جيلي ديري) is a Somali politician and civil society activist. From 2005 to 2012, she served as the Minister of Women Development and Family Affairs of the autonomous Puntland region ...
, former Minister of Women Development and Family Affairs of Puntland; founder and Executive Director of TAG Foundation
*
Ayaan Hirsi Ali
Ayaan Hirsi Ali (; ; Somali: ''Ayaan Xirsi Cali'':'' Ayān Ḥirsī 'Alī;'' born Ayaan Hirsi Magan, ar, أيان حرسي علي / ALA-LC: ''Ayān Ḥirsī 'Alī'' 13 November 1969) is a Somali-born Dutch-American activist and former politicia ...
, the first Somali-born member of parliament of a European country, author and political activist
*
Farah Ali Jama
Farah Ali Jama ( so, Faarax Cali Jaamac, ar, فرح علي جامع) is a Somali economist and politician. From January 2009 to January 2014, he served as the Minister of Finance of Puntland.
Personal life
Jama hails from the autonomous Puntland ...
, former Minister of Finance of Puntland
*
Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf
Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf ( so, Xaaji Bashiir Ismaaciil Yuusuf, ar, حاجي بشير اسماعيل يوسف) (b. 1912 in Hobyo, Somalia – d. 1984 in Cairo, Egypt), commonly referred to as Haji Bashir,SAMIULLAH, MUHAMMAD. DEVELOPMENT OF CREATI ...
, first President of
Somali National Assembly; Minister of Health and Labor of Somalia (1966–67)
*
Hassan Abshir Farah, former
Mogadishu
Mogadishu (, also ; so, Muqdisho or ; ar, مقديشو ; it, Mogadiscio ), locally known as Xamar or Hamar, is the capital and List of cities in Somalia by population, most populous city of Somalia. The city has served as an important port ...
mayor, Somalia ambassador to Japan and later to Germany, interior minister of Puntland
*
Hassan Ali Mire
Dr. Hassan Ali Mire ( so, Xasan Cali Mirreh; ar, حسن علي مير), also known as Hasaan ‘Ali Mirreh, was a Somali politician. During the early 1970s, he briefly served as the first Minister of Education of the Somali Democratic Republic. ...
, first Minister of Education of the
Somali Democratic Republic
The Somali Democratic Republic ( so, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya Soomaaliyeed; ar, الجمهورية الديمقراطية الصومالية, ; it, Repubblica Democratica Somala) was the name that the socialist military government gave to Som ...
; former Chairman of the
Somali Salvation Democratic Front
Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF) ( so, Jabhadda Diimuqraadiga Badbaadinta Soomaaliyeed), initially known as the Democratic Front for Salvation of Somalia, was a political and paramilitary umbrella organization in Somalia. Founded in 1978 ...
(SSDF).
*
Hirsi Magan Isse, scholar and revolutionary leader with the Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF).
*
Ilhan Omar, a Somali-American
politician
A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking an elected office in government. Politicians propose, support, reject and create laws that govern the land and by an extension of its people. Broadly speaking, a ...
, currently a member of the
United States House of Representatives
The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the Lower house, lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the United States Senate, Senate being ...
for
Minnesota's 5th congressional district
Minnesota's 5th congressional district is a geographically small urban and suburban congressional district in Minnesota. It covers eastern Hennepin County, including the entire city of Minneapolis, along with parts of Anoka and Ramsey countie ...
since 2019. She is the first Somali member of Congress and the second female Muslim to be elected.
*
Mire Hagi Farah Mohamed, Somali Finance Minister 2004–2006, and former mayor of
Kismayo
Kismayo ( so, Kismaayo, Maay: ''Kismanyy'', ar, كيسمايو, ; it, Chisimaio) is a port city in the southern Lower Juba (Jubbada Hoose) province of Somalia. It is the commercial capital of the autonomous Jubaland region.
The city is situa ...
*
Mohamed Abdi Aware, Puntland judge and member of Supreme Judicial Council.
*
Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan
Major General Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan ( so, Maxamed Siciid Xirsi Moorgan, ar, محمد سعيد حيرسي مورغان), also known as General Morgan or Colonel Morgan, is a Somali military and faction leader. He was the son-in-law of Siad B ...
, son-in-law of
Siad Barre and minister of defense of Somalia
*
Mohamud Muse Hersi
Mohamud Muse Hersi ( so, Maxamuud Muuse Xirsi Cadde, ar, محمد موسى حرسي; 1 July 1937 – 8 February 2017), also known as Adde Musa, was a Somali politician. He was the President of the Puntland region of Somalia from 8 January 2005 to ...
, third
President of Puntland
*
Saida Haji Bashir Ismail, former Somali Finance Vice-Minister in the TNG (2000-2004)
*
Omar Samatar, Fought against Italian occupation of Hobyo, after the surrender of the Sultan of Hobyo.
*
Yusuf Mohamed Ismail, former Ambassador of Somalia to the United Nations Human Rights Office in Geneva
*
Yusuf Osman Samatar, politician
*Surer Abshir Muse, sister of Mohamed Abshir Muse and deputy ambassador to London. Was also in charge of the youth wing of
SSDF
References
External links
The Majeerteen Sultanates
{{Somali clans
Somali clans
Somali clans in Ethiopia