Oluf Bernhard Reed-Olsen (8 July 1918 – 14 October 2002) was a Norwegian
resistance member and pilot during
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
. As a resistance member he is best known for the
Lysaker Bridge sabotage The Lysaker Bridge sabotage ( no, Lysakeraksjonen, lit. 'The Lysaker Action') was a sabotage action in World War II which occurred in Norway on the night between 13 and 14 April 1940 when a Lysaker Bridge, bridge at Lysaker, bordering Oslo, was blow ...
as well as operating illegal radio transmitters. After the war he was a businessman and
Scouting
Scouting, also known as the Scout Movement, is a worldwide youth movement employing the Scout method, a program of informal education with an emphasis on practical outdoor activities, including camping, woodcraft, aquatics, hiking, backpacking ...
leader. He wrote books and contributed to a film based on his war experience.
Early life
He was born in
Aker
Aker may refer to:
Places
* Aker, Norway, a geographic area in Oslo and a former municipality in Norway
* Vestre Aker, a district of Oslo within former Aker municipality
* Nordre Aker, a district of Oslo within former Aker municipality
* Aker Br ...
. He grew up in
Bestum and graduated from middle school at
Ullern
Ullern is a borough of the city of Oslo, Norway.
History
The borough has its name from an old farm, Norse ''Ullarin''. The first element is the genitive case of the name of the Norse god Ullr. The last element is ''vin'', meaning pasture or mea ...
in 1934. He then took commerce school and took pilot education in the airline
Widerøe's Flyveselskap.
World War II
Sabotage and escape
When
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
reached Norway with a
German invasion German invasion may refer to:
Pre-1900s
* German invasion of Hungary (1063)
World War I
* German invasion of Belgium (1914)
* German invasion of Luxembourg (1914)
World War II
* Invasion of Poland
* German invasion of Belgium (1940)
* G ...
on 9 April 1940, he started resistance work on the same day. On the night between 13 and 14 April he
blew up the Lysaker Bridge together with Kåre Moe and Leif Moe.
[ This sabotage had national-level repercussions, in that it contributed to the surfacing of the ]Administrative Council
Administrative Council () was a part of Council of State of the Congress Poland. Introduced by the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland in 1815, it was composed of 5 ministers, special nominees of the King and the Namestnik of the Kingdom of Polan ...
on the next day. The Germans soon took control over Norway, and Reed-Olsen and Kåre Moe were sent to photograph and spy on German installations, most importantly at Oslo Airport, Fornebu
Oslo Airport, Fornebu ( no, Oslo lufthavn, Fornebu), was the primary international airport serving Oslo and Eastern Norway from 1 June 1939 to 7 October 1998. It was then replaced by Oslo Airport, Gardermoen, and the area has since been redevelo ...
. Reed-Olsen had easier access around town because he had joined the civil firefighting squad of Furulund as a team leader and owned a motorbike. They were caught after breaking into a crashed aircraft at Fornebu. Although the Germans did not know the nature of their actions, they were apprehended and sent to Oslo. However, at Lysaker Bridge the lorry slowed down because of the bridge damage and the two escaped from the lorry, jumped into Lysakerelva
Lysakerelven (also known as Lysakerelva, en, Lysaker River) is a river in Norway that forms the boundary between the municipalities of the capital city of Oslo and Bærum.
The river by this name has its source in Bogstadvannet, though the source ...
, swam further down and eventually careered to their homes. The two fled Norway by boat from Bestumkilen
Bestumkilen is a bay in Lysakerfjorden in the inner Oslofjord area of Norway.
Located west of the Bygdøy peninsula and east of Vækerø, it is bordered by the islet Killingen in the southwest and the mouth of the river Hoffselva at Sjølyst in ...
on 2 September.[ Reed-Olsen bought the boat after selling his motorbike. They first sailed down the Norwegian coast and picked up a third man Rolf Gabrielsen whom they met in ]Mandal
A tehsil (, also known as tahsil, taluka, or taluk) is a local unit of administrative division in some countries of South Asia. It is a subdistrict of the area within a district including the designated populated place that serves as its administr ...
. They finally left for the United Kingdom from Farsund
is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Lister. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Farsund. Farsund is a coastal municipality in the far southwestern part of Norway, b ...
on 14 September. According to Reed-Olsen, they had almost reached the Aberdeen
Aberdeen (; sco, Aiberdeen ; gd, Obar Dheathain ; la, Aberdonia) is a city in North East Scotland, and is the third most populous city in the country. Aberdeen is one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas (as Aberdeen City), and ...
district when the wind turned and brought them as far east as Jutland
Jutland ( da, Jylland ; german: Jütland ; ang, Ēota land ), known anciently as the Cimbric or Cimbrian Peninsula ( la, Cimbricus Chersonesus; da, den Kimbriske Halvø, links=no or ; german: Kimbrische Halbinsel, links=no), is a peninsula of ...
. After the wind turned again, they almost reached the Thames
The River Thames ( ), known alternatively in parts as the River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. At , it is the longest river entirely in England and the second-longest in the United Kingdom, after the R ...
, when on 29 September they were picked up by the British destroyer . After a diversion when the ship had to salvage crashed pilots (one of five was alive), the Norwegians set foot in Edinburgh
Edinburgh ( ; gd, Dùn Èideann ) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. Historically part of the county of Midlothian (interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921), it is located in Lothian ...
on 4 October.
Air service and intelligence
They soon travelled to London
London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...
. They reported at the Norwegian recruiting office, spent one month in the city before leaving for Canada via Scotland, on the ocean liner SS ''Duchess of Richmond''. They reached Toronto
Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the ancho ...
and were drafted into the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service
The Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service ( no, Marinens flyvevesen) was alongside the Norwegian Army Air Service the forerunner to the modern-day Royal Norwegian Air Force.
History
The RNNAS was established on 1 June 1912,Official Norwegian Defence ...
. They were stationed on the Norwegian steamship before the training camp Little Norway
Little Norway ( no, Lille Norge), officially (FTL, "Air Force Training Camp"), was a Norwegian Army Air Service/Royal Norwegian Air Force training camp in southern Ontario during the Second World War.
Origins
When Nazi Germany attacked Norway o ...
opened, and then about three months at Toronto Flying Club before finally going to Little Norway. Reed-Olsen graduated from the air force academy there in 1941.[ They then went on a fourteen-day boat trip from ]Halifax, Canada
Halifax is the capital and largest municipality of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, and the largest municipality in Atlantic Canada. As of the 2021 Census, the municipal population was 439,819, with 348,634 people in its urban area. The ...
via England and Scotland to Iceland
Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...
.[Reed-Olsen, 1945: p. 158, 162–165]
He served in the No. 330 Squadron RAF
The numero sign or numero symbol, №, (also represented as Nº, No, No. or no.), is a typographic abbreviation of the word ''number''(''s'') indicating ordinal numeration, especially in names and titles. For example, using the numero sign, t ...
. From 1942 he underwent training in intelligence
Intelligence has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. More generally, it can b ...
, telegraphy
Telegraphy is the long-distance transmission of messages where the sender uses symbolic codes, known to the recipient, rather than a physical exchange of an object bearing the message. Thus flag semaphore is a method of telegraphy, whereas p ...
and parachuting
Parachuting, including also skydiving, is a method of transiting from a high point in the atmosphere to the surface of Earth with the aid of gravity, involving the control of speed during the descent using a parachute or parachutes.
For ...
. On 20 April 1943 he was paradropped over Eiker
Eiker is a traditional district in the county of Buskerud, Norway.
History
Eiker consists of the municipalities of Nedre Eiker and Øvre Eiker. The area is located in the southern part of Buskerud county.
Eiker is an agricultural area with a lo ...
, from whence he bicycled to Southern Norway
Southern Norway ( no, Sørlandet; lit. "The Southland") is the geographical region (''landsdel'') along the Skagerrak coast of southern Norway. The region is an informal description since it does not have any governmental function. It roughl ...
. He performed intelligence radio broadcasts from the Birkenes
Birkenes is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Sørlandet. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Birkeland, where about half the municipal population lives. Other villa ...
district and elsewhere.[ He served the ]Secret Intelligence Service
The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), commonly known as MI6 ( Military Intelligence, Section 6), is the foreign intelligence service of the United Kingdom, tasked mainly with the covert overseas collection and analysis of human intelligenc ...
. In the autumn of 1943 he operated the radio station codenamed ''Meton'' in Lommedalen
Lommedalen is a rural community in a small valley in Bærum municipality in the county of Akershus, Norway. The population is about 3,000 people. Lommedalen valley opens up at Bærums Verk and runs about 5 kilometers to the north.
Lommedalen incl ...
together with Hjelm Waage Thurn-Basberg Hjelm Waage Thurn-Basberg (3 November 1917 – 29 November 2006) was a Norwegian resistance member during World War II. He fled Norway twice due to his resistance to the German occupation, but returned both times to work with intelligence for the Br ...
, with whom he had worked in Southern Norway. ''Meton'' was one of nine illegal transmitters in Bærum
Bærum () is a municipality in the Greater Oslo Region in Norway that forms an affluent suburb of Oslo on the west coast of the city. Bærum is Norway's fifth largest municipality with a population of 128,760 (2021). It is part of the electoral ...
; four of these belonged to the Secret Intelligence Service. It was also transmitted from Kolsås
Kolsås (), sometimes called Kolsaas, is a hill in the municipality of Bærum, Norway. Geologically, Kolsås belongs to the Oslo Graben area. Its two peaks consist of hard rhomb porphyric lava covering softer rocks, forming steep cliffs to the ...
for a short time.[
Both Reed-Olsen and Thurn-Basberg fled to England via Sweden shortly thereafter.][ Reed-Olsen then had another stay in Norway before going to Canada again. In 1944 he married Joan Whiteside in ]Toronto
Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the ancho ...
. Lastly, he went on a fundraiser
Fundraising or fund-raising is the process of seeking and gathering voluntary financial contributions by engaging individuals, businesses, charitable foundations, or governmental agencies. Although fundraising typically refers to efforts to gathe ...
tour in the United States for the post-war rebuilding of Norway. For his efforts he was decorated with the War Cross With Sword
The War Cross with Sword (Norwegian Bokmål: ''Krigskorset med sverd, '' Norwegian Nynorsk: ''Krigskrossen med sverd'') is the highest ranking Norwegian gallantry decoration. It is awarded for extraordinary brave actions or extraordinary leadersh ...
and the Distinguished Service Cross The Distinguished Service Cross (D.S.C.) is a military decoration for courage. Different versions exist for different countries.
*Distinguished Service Cross (Australia)
The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is a military decoration awarded to ...
.[
]
Post-war life
After the war he worked for the Royal Norwegian Air Force
The Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF) ( no, Luftforsvaret, , The Air Defence) is the air force of Norway. It was established as a separate arm of the Norwegian Armed Forces on 10 November 1944. The RNoAF's peacetime establishment is approximatel ...
(as a Captain
Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police department, election precinct, e ...
), then the civil companies Det Norske Luftfartsselskap
Det Norske Luftfartselskap A/S (literally "The Norwegian Aviation Company") or DNL, trading internationally as Norwegian Air Lines, was an airline and flag carrier of Norway. Founded in 1927, it operated domestic and international routes from 193 ...
and Norsk Brændselolje
Norwegian, Norwayan, or Norsk may refer to:
*Something of, from, or related to Norway, a country in northwestern Europe
*Norwegians, both a nation and an ethnic group native to Norway
*Demographics of Norway
*The Norwegian language, including the ...
before becoming an independent businessman. He also dedicated himself to Scouting
Scouting, also known as the Scout Movement, is a worldwide youth movement employing the Scout method, a program of informal education with an emphasis on practical outdoor activities, including camping, woodcraft, aquatics, hiking, backpacking ...
, arranged summer camps at Håøya and was a board member of the Norwegian Guide and Scout Association
The Norwegian Guide and Scout Association ( no, Norges Speiderforbund, NSF) is a Norwegian Scouting and Guiding association founded in its present form in 1978, when the ''Norwegian Boy Scout Organization'' (founded in 1911 and among the charter ...
.[ He chronicled his war experiences in the books ''Contact'' (1946, reissued 1983) and ''Vi kommer igjen'' (1953), (published in English as ''Two Eggs On My Plate'').][ The first book was made into the motion picture ''Kontakt'' in 1956, with Reed-Olsen contributing as a screenwriter and actor.] He died in October 2002 in Oslo.[
]
Honours and awards
* War Cross with sword
The War Cross with Sword (Norwegian Bokmål: ''Krigskorset med sverd, '' Norwegian Nynorsk: ''Krigskrossen med sverd'') is the highest ranking Norwegian gallantry decoration. It is awarded for extraordinary brave actions or extraordinary leadersh ...
(1944)
* Norwegian War Medal
__NOTOC__
The War Medal ( no, Krigsmedaljen) is a Norwegian war decoration for service during Second World War, and later for meritous service during war.
Criteria
The Norwegian War Medal was instituted by King Haakon VII of Norway by Royal Decre ...
* Defence Medal 1940–1945
The Defence Medal 1940–1945 () is the award rewarded to those military and civilian personnel who participated in the fight against the German invasion and occupation of Norway between 1940 and 1945.
The Defence Medal 1940–1945 can be awarde ...
with rosette
* Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)
The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is a third-level military decoration awarded to officers; and, since 1993, Naval rating, ratings and other ranks of the British Armed Forces, Royal Fleet Auxiliary and the British Merchant Navy have been in ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Reed-Olsen, Oluf
1918 births
2002 deaths
Writers from Oslo
Norwegian aviators
Norwegian resistance members
Norwegian escapees
Escapees from German detention
Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service personnel of World War II
No. 330 Squadron RNoAF personnel
Norwegian World War II pilots
Norwegian expatriates in the United Kingdom
Norwegian expatriates in Canada
Norwegian expatriates in Iceland
20th-century Norwegian businesspeople
Scouting and Guiding in Norway
Norwegian World War II memoirists
Royal Norwegian Air Force personnel
Recipients of the War Cross with Sword (Norway)
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)
Non-British Royal Air Force personnel of World War II