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Olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) (in Italian: ''Complesso da Disseccamento Rapido dell'Olivo'', CDRO or CoDiRo) is a wasting disease of
Olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) (in Italian: ''Complesso da Disseccamento Rapido dell'Olivo'', CDRO or CoDiRo) is a wasting disease of olive tree
The olive, botanical name ''Olea europaea'', meaning 'European olive' in Latin, is a species of small tree or shrub in the family Oleaceae, found traditionally in the Mediterranean Basin. When in shrub form, it is known as ''Olea europaea'' 'M ...
s which causes dieback
Dieback may refer to a number of plant problems and diseases including:
* Forest dieback caused by acid rain, heavy metal pollution, or imported pathogens
* The death of regions of a plant or similar organism caused by physical damage, such as from ...
of the leaves, twigs and branches so that the trees no longer produce crops of olive
The olive, botanical name ''Olea europaea'', meaning 'European olive' in Latin, is a species of small tree or shrub in the family Oleaceae, found traditionally in the Mediterranean Basin. When in shrub form, it is known as ''Olea europaea'' ...
s. The main cause is a strain of the bacterium, '' Xylella fastidiosa'', which is spread by plant-sucking insects such as the meadow froghopper
''Philaenus spumarius'', the meadow froghopper or meadow spittlebug, is a species of insect belonging to the spittlebug family Aphrophoridae. In Italy and America, it is economically important as one of the vectors of Pierce's Disease (''Xylella ...
. The bacteria
Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among ...
restrict the flow of sap
Sap is a fluid transported in xylem cells (vessel elements or tracheids) or phloem sieve tube elements of a plant. These cells transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.
Sap is distinct from latex, resin, or cell sap; it is a separa ...
within the tree and so choke its extremities.
__TOC__Impact
The disease particularly affectsolive grove
The olive, botanical name ''Olea europaea'', meaning 'European olive' in Latin, is a species of small tree or shrub in the family Oleaceae, found traditionally in the Mediterranean Basin. When in shrub form, it is known as ''Olea europaea'' 'M ...
s in Southern Italy
Southern Italy ( it, Sud Italia or ) also known as ''Meridione'' or ''Mezzogiorno'' (), is a macroregion of the Italian Republic consisting of its southern half.
The term ''Mezzogiorno'' today refers to regions that are associated with the peop ...
. It was first detected in Italy in 2013, in the Salento Peninsula
Salento (Salentino: ''Salentu'', Salentino Griko: ''Σαλέντο'') is a cultural, historical and geographic region at the southern end of the administrative region of Apulia in Southern Italy. It is a sub-peninsula of the Italian Peninsula, ...
; by late 2013, it was estimated that approximately 8,000 hectares were affected. As of 2020, the disease was threatening olive groves and oil production in Italy, Greece, and Spain, which together account for 95% of European oil production. One 2020 model predicts a potential economic impact of the disease for Italy over 50 years between 1.9 billion to 5.6 billion Euros.
In addition to Europe, the disease has also been detected in olive crops in California, Argentina and Brazil.
Symptoms
Symptoms includeleaf scorch
Leaf scorch (also called leaf burn, leaf wilt, and sun scorch) is defined as a browning of plant tissues, including leaf margins and tips, and yellowing or darkening of veins which may lead to eventual wilting and abscission of the leaf.
and desiccation of twigs and branches, beginning at the upper part of the crown and then moving to the rest of the tree, which acquires a burned look.
References
Bacterial plant pathogens and diseases Olives {{plant-disease-stub