Olinde Rodrigues
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Benjamin Olinde Rodrigues (6 October 1795 – 17 December 1851), more commonly known as Olinde Rodrigues, was a French banker,
mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, mathematical structure, structure, space, Mathematica ...
, and
social reformer A reform movement or reformism is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social or also a political system closer to the community's ideal. A reform movement is distinguished from more radical social movements such as revolutionary m ...
. In mathematics Rodrigues is remembered for Rodrigues' rotation formula for vectors, the Rodrigues formula about series of orthogonal polynomials and the Euler–Rodrigues parameters.


Biography

Rodrigues was born into a well-to-do Sephardi Jewish family in
Bordeaux Bordeaux ( , ; Gascon oc, Bordèu ; eu, Bordele; it, Bordò; es, Burdeos) is a port city on the river Garonne in the Gironde department, Southwestern France. It is the capital of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, as well as the prefecture ...
. He was awarded a
doctorate A doctorate (from Latin ''docere'', "to teach"), doctor's degree (from Latin ''doctor'', "teacher"), or doctoral degree is an academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism '' ...
in mathematics on 28 June 1815 by the
University of Paris The University of Paris (french: link=no, Université de Paris), Metonymy, metonymically known as the Sorbonne (), was the leading university in Paris, France, active from 1150 to 1970, with the exception between 1793 and 1806 under the French Revo ...
. His dissertation contains the result now called Rodrigues' formula. After graduation, Rodrigues became a banker. A close associate of the Comte de Saint-Simon, Rodrigues continued, after Saint-Simon's death in 1825, to champion the older man's
socialist Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the ...
ideals, a school of thought that came to be known as Saint-Simonianism. During this period, Rodrigues published writings on politics, social reform, and banking. In 1840 he published a result on transformation groups, which applied
Leonhard Euler Leonhard Euler ( , ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician and engineer who founded the studies of graph theory and topology and made pioneering and influential discoveries in ma ...
's four squares formula, a precursor to the
quaternions In mathematics, the quaternion number system extends the complex numbers. Quaternions were first described by the Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton in 1843 and applied to mechanics in three-dimensional space. Hamilton defined a quatern ...
of
William Rowan Hamilton Sir William Rowan Hamilton LL.D, DCL, MRIA, FRAS (3/4 August 1805 – 2 September 1865) was an Irish mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. He was the Andrews Professor of Astronomy at Trinity College Dublin, and Royal Astronomer of Ire ...
, to the problem of representing rotations in space. In 1846 Arthur Cayley acknowledged Arthur Cayley (1846) "Sur Quelques Proprietes des Determinants Gauches", Crelle's Journal 32: 119–23, and ''Collected Mathematical Papers of Arthur Cayley'', volume 1, page 335 Euler's and Rodrigues' priority describing orthogonal transformations. Rodrigues is credited as originating the idea of the artist as an
avant-garde The avant-garde (; In 'advance guard' or ' vanguard', literally 'fore-guard') is a person or work that is experimental, radical, or unorthodox with respect to art, culture, or society.John Picchione, The New Avant-garde in Italy: Theoretical ...
.


Publications

* ''Mouvement de rotation d'un corps de révolution pesant'', Paris, 1815
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*''De l'attraction des sphéroïdes'', 1815 * ''Théorie de la caisse hypothécaire, ou Examen du sort des emprunteurs, des porteurs d'obligations et des actionnaires de cet établissement'', 1820 * ''Appel : religion saint-simonienne'', 1831 * ''L'artiste, le savant et l'industriel: Dialogue'', 1825 * ''Réunion générale de la famille : séances des 19 et 21 novembre'', 1831 * ''Son premier écrit / Saint-Simon'', 1832 * ''Le disciple de Saint-Simon aux Saint-Simoniens et au public'', 1832 * ''Aux saint-simoniens, 13 février 1832 : bases de la loi morale proposées à l'acceptation des femmes'', 1832 * ''Olinde Rodrigues à M. Michel Chevalier, rédacteur du "Globe" : religion saint-simonienne'', 1832 * ''De l'organisation des banques à propos du projet de loi sur la Banque de France'', 1840 * ''Des lois géométriques qui régissent les déplacements d'un système solide dans l'espace: et de la variation des coordonnées provenant de ces déplacements considérés indépendamment des causes qui peuvent les produire'', 1840 * ''Les Peuples et les diplomates. La Paix ou la guerre'', 1840 * ''Œuvres de Saint-Simon'', 1841 * ''Poésies sociales des ouvriers, réunies et publiées par Olinde Rodrigues'', 1841 * ''Théorie des banques'', 1848 * ''De l'Organisation du suffrage universel, proposition d'un nouveau mode électoral par Olinde Rodrigues'', 1848 * ''Organisation du travail, association du travail et du capital'', 1848 * ''Organisation du travail, bases de l'organisation des banques'', 1848


See also

* Euler–Rodrigues formula * Spherical harmonics


References


External links


Olinde Rodrigues sur Le Maitron

Olinde Rodrigues sur Jewish Encyclopedia



Bibliography

* *
Louis Gabriel Michaud Louis-Gabriel Michaud (19 January 1773, Castle Richemont – 8 March 1858) was a French writer, historian, printer, and bookseller. He was notable as the compiler of ''Biographie Universelle'' (1811–). Life He became a lieutenant on 15 July ...
(1863) ''Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne'' * * * Jeremy J. Gray (1980) ''Olinde Rodrigues' paper of 1840 on Transformation Groups'', Archive for History of Exact Sciences 21(4): 375–385, . {{DEFAULTSORT:Rodrigues, Olinde 1795 births 1851 deaths Businesspeople from Bordeaux Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni French bankers 19th-century French Sephardi Jews Scientists from Bordeaux Historical treatment of quaternions 19th-century French mathematicians Saint-Simonists Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery British social reformers Jewish socialists French people of Portuguese descent