Olga Freidenberg (March 15, 1890 in
Odessa – July 6, 1955 in
Leningrad
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
) was a Russian and Soviet classical philologist, one of the pioneers of
cultural studies in Russia. She is also known as the cousin of the famous writer
Boris Pasternak; their correspondence has been published and studied.
Biography
Olga Freidenberg was born to Anna Osipovna Pasternak and Mikhail Filippovich Freidenberg in
Odessa.
The family moved to
St Petersburg in 1903 and Freidenberg graduated from a
gymnasium there in 1908. Restricted in her ability to pursue university education as a woman and a Jew, she travelled through Europe studying foreign languages on her own and living in
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
,
Sweden,
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
, and
Switzerland. As World War I broke out, she returned to Russia and became a military nurse.
Freidenberg returned to her studies at
Petrograd University
Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU; russian: Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет) is a public research university in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Founded in 1724 by a decree of Peter the G ...
in 1923 and wrote a Ph.D. thesis in 1924, titled ''The Origins of the'' ''Greek Novel''. The university had only started accepting women as students in 1917, and Freidenberg was the first woman to defend her thesis in
classical philology
Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity. In the Western world, classics traditionally refers to the study of Classical Greek and Roman literature and their related original languages, Ancient Greek and Latin. Classics ...
.
In 1935 she was awarded the Russian highest scientific degree of Doctor of Science. Since all of the Classics Departments in Russia had been shut since 1921, Freidenberg played a key role in founding the new Classical Department at
Petrograd University
Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU; russian: Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет) is a public research university in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Founded in 1724 by a decree of Peter the G ...
. Freidenberg also founded the chair of classical philology and was head of the Classical Department from 1932 to 1950.
In her work, Freidenberg drew comparison between pagan erotic novels and both
Acts
The Acts of the Apostles ( grc-koi, Πράξεις Ἀποστόλων, ''Práxeis Apostólōn''; la, Actūs Apostolōrum) is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian Church and the spread of its message ...
(Apocryphal and Canonical) and
Gospels. She defined a narrative genre of ‘Acts and Passions’ of a hero as their common basis. Freidenberg was the first in Europe to conclude that the ‘Greek’ novel was Oriental in its origin. She noted that the archetypal patterns in the plots of its different narratives were versions of the ''legomenon'' which can be traced back to the ''dromenon'' of fertility cults.
During the
Stalin era she was persecuted and her brother was arrested. In 1950, as part of the
persecution of "rootless cosmopolitans" she was fired from
Petrograd University
Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU; russian: Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет) is a public research university in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Founded in 1724 by a decree of Peter the G ...
.
For example, Freidenberg's 1935 dissertation ''The Poetics of Plot and Genre: The Classical Period of Ancient Literature'' was the only book published in her lifetime (in 1936) but was denounced by the Soviet authorities and taken out of circulation shortly afterwards. It was republished in 1997.
Many of Freidenberg's works were not published in her lifetime and some are still unpublished. Modern scholars, such as Nina Perlina and Nina Braginskaya, are now publishing new editions of Freidenberg's works in English.
Freidenberg's work is now being reviewed and reassessed, particularly in examinations of early Greek thought.
Works
* ''The Poetics of Plot and Genre: The Classical Period of Ancient Literature''
* ''Image and Concept: Mythopoetic Roots of Literature''
* ''Poėtika si︠u︡zheta i zhanra''
* ''Mif i literatura drevnosti''
Further reading
*
* Nina Perlina, ''Olga Freidenberg's Works and Days'', Slavica Pub 2002, .
* Annette Kabanov, ''Ol'ga Michajlovna Frejdenberg, 1890-1955: eine sowjetische Wissenschaftlerin zwischen Kanon und Freiheit'' Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2002
References
External links
Online archive of Olga Freidenberg's work
{{DEFAULTSORT:Freidenberg, Olga
1890 births
1955 deaths
People from Kherson Governorate
Odesa Jews
Ukrainian Jews
Soviet philologists
20th-century philologists
Women philologists
Women linguists
Classical philologists
Saint Petersburg State University alumni
Academic staff of Saint Petersburg State University
Russian classical scholars
Women classical scholars
Burials at Bogoslovskoe Cemetery
Academic staff of Herzen University