''Oldenlandia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is pantropical in distribution and has about 240 species.Inge Groeninckx, Steven Dessein, Helga Ochoterena, Claes Persson, Timothy J. Motley, Jesper Kårehed, Birgitta Bremer, Suzy Huysmans, and Erik Smets. 2009. "Phylogeny of the herbaceous tribe Spermacoceae (Rubiaceae) based on plastid DNA data". ''Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden'' 96(1):109–132.David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. The type species for the genus is ''

Oldenlandia corymbosa ''Oldenlandia corymbosa'', commonly known as flat-top mille graines or diamond flower, is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. I ...

''.''Oldenlandia'' In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: Regnum Vegetabile (see ''External links'' below). ''Oldenlandia'' was named by Linnaeus in 1753 in

Species Plantarum ' (Latin for "The Species of Plants") is a book by Carl Linnaeus, originally published in 1753, which lists every species of plant known at the time, classified into genera. It is the first work to consistently apply binomial names and was the ...

.Carolus Linnaeus. 1753. ''Species Plantarum'' 1:119. Laurentii Salvii. (see ''External Links'' below). The

name A name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. The entity identified by a name is called its referent. A personal ...

honors the

Danish Danish may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the country of Denmark People * A national or citizen of Denmark, also called a "Dane," see Demographics of Denmark * Culture of Denmark * Danish people or Danes, people with a Danish ance ...

botanist Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek wo ...

Henrik Bernard Oldenland Henrik Bernard Oldenland aka Heinrich Bernhard Oldenland 1697 was a German-born South African physician, botanist, painter and land surveyor, and is denoted by the author abbreviation when citing a botanical name. Henrik was born in Lübeck, ...

(1697).Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. ''CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names'', volume III. CRC Press: Baton Rouge, New York, London, Washington DC. (vol. III). (see ''External links'' below). Some species are important in

ethnomedicine Ethnomedicine is a study or comparison of the traditional medicine based on bioactive compounds in plants and animals and practiced by various ethnic groups, especially those with little access to western medicines, e.g., indigenous peoples. The ...

; a number (usually island

endemics Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...

) are threatened species, with one species and one variety being completely

extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

already. Some botanists have not recognized ''Oldenlandia'', but have placed some or all of its species in a broadly defined ''

Hedyotis ''Hedyotis'' (starviolet) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Many species of this genus such as ''Hedyotis biflora, H. corymbosa'' and ''H. diffusa'' are well known medicinal plants. ''Hedyotis'' is native to tropical and su ...

''. More recently, the circumscription of ''Hedyotis'' has been narrowed to a

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

group of about 115 species and no longer includes ''Oldenlandia''.Jesper Kårehed, Inge Groeninckx, Steven Dessein, Timothy J. Motley, and Birgitta Bremer. 2008. "The phylogenetic utility of chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers and the phylogeny of the Rubiaceae tribe Spermacoceae". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 49(3):843–866. The genus ''Oldenlandia'', as presently defined, is several times polyphyletic and will eventually be reduced to a group of species closely related to the type species. This group, known informally as ''Oldenlandia''

sensu stricto ''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular co ...

, is sister to a section of '' Kohautia'' that will eventually be separated from ''Kohautia'' and named as a new genus.

Selected species

* ''

Oldenlandia adscensionis ''Oldenlandia adscensionis'' was a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It was endemic to Ascension Island. It became extinct due to habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by ...

'' (

: 1889) * '' Oldenlandia aegialoides'' Bremek. * '' Oldenlandia affinis'' * ''

Oldenlandia albonervia ''Oldenlandia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is pantropical in distribution and has about 240 species.Inge Groeninckx, Steven Dessein, Helga Ochoterena, Claes Persson, Timothy J. Motley, Jesper Kårehed, Birgit ...

'' (Beddome) Gamble * '' Oldenlandia aretioides'' * '' Oldenlandia balfourii'' * '' Oldenlandia bicornuta'' * '' Oldenlandia cana'' Bremek. * '' Oldenlandia capensis'' * ''

Oldenlandia cornata ''Oldenlandia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is pantropical in distribution and has about 240 species.Inge Groeninckx, Steven Dessein, Helga Ochoterena, Claes Persson, Timothy J. Motley, Jesper Kårehed, Birgit ...

'' Craib * ''

'' L. * '' Oldenlandia diffusa'' * '' Oldenlandia forcipistipula'' Verdc. * '' Oldenlandia galioides'' * '' Oldenlandia gibsonii'' * '' Oldenlandia glauca'' Blatter * '' Oldenlandia lanceolata'' Craib * '' Oldenlandia lancifolia'' (Schumacher) DC. * '' Oldenlandia marcanii'' Craib * '' Oldenlandia microtheca'' (D.F.K.Schldl. & Cham.) DC. * '' Oldenlandia ocellata'' * '' Oldenlandia oxycoccoides'' Bremek. * '' Oldenlandia patula'' Bremek. * '' Oldenlandia polyclada'' (F.Muell.) F.Muell. * '' Oldenlandia pulvinata'' * '' Oldenlandia sieberi'' Baker ** ''Oldenlandia sieberi'' var. ''congesta'' ** ''Oldenlandia sieberi'' var. ''sieberi'' (extinct) * '' Oldenlandia spathulata'' * '' Oldenlandia tenelliflora'' ** ''Oldenlandia tenelliflora'' var. ''papuana'' * '' Oldenlandia thysanota'' (Halford) Halford * ''

Oldenlandia umbellata ''Oldenlandia umbellata'' (called chay root or choy root, from its Tamil name, ''chaaya ver'') is a low-growing plant native to India. A colour-fast red dye can be extracted from the root bark of (preferably) a two-year-old plant. Chay root dye ...

'' * ''

Oldenlandia uvinsae ''Oldenlandia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is pantropical in distribution and has about 240 species.Inge Groeninckx, Steven Dessein, Helga Ochoterena, Claes Persson, Timothy J. Motley, Jesper Kårehed, Birgit ...

'' Verdc. * '' Oldenlandia vasudevanii''

Selected species

References

External links