Old Ephraim or Ol' Ephraim is a term popularized in the 19th-century American West to refer to grizzly bears. As well as describing the archetypal grizzly bear, the name has also been used in frontier folklore to refer to specific bears, most notably Old Ephraim (known as "Old Three Toes" by

shepherds A shepherd or sheepherder is a person who tends, herds, feeds, or guards flocks of sheep. ''Shepherd'' derives from Old English ''sceaphierde (''sceap'' 'sheep' + ''hierde'' 'herder'). ''Shepherding is one of the world's oldest occupations, i ...

due to a deformity on one foot ). He was a very large grizzly bear that roamed the

Cache National Forest Cache National Forest is a 533,840-acre area of National Forest System land in Idaho and Utah which was established on July 1, 1908, by the U.S. Forest Service. The majority of its area is in Utah, and was initially created when the Bear River N ...

in Idaho and Utah from circa 1911 until his death on August 22, 1923. He had the same name as another grizzly bear in California described in a story by P. T. Barnum.

Frank Clark and Old Ephraim

The grizzly bear from the Cache National Forest known as "Old Ephraim" was first identified by its distinctive tracks. The bear lived within a large wilderness from as far north as

Soda Springs, Idaho Soda Springs is a city in Caribou County, Idaho, United States. Its population was 3,058 at the time of the 2010 census. The city has been the county seat of Caribou County since the county was organized in 1919. In the 1860s, Soda Springs serve ...

to as far south as Weber County, Utah, before settling in Logan Canyon, about 20 miles east of Logan, Utah. Frank Clark (born 1879 in Cherry Creek, Idaho) was a part owner of the Ward Clark Sheep Company since his arrival there in July 1911. During his first summer in the Cache National Forest, Clark counted 154 adult

domestic sheep Sheep or domestic sheep (''Ovis aries'') are domesticated, ruminant mammals typically kept as livestock. Although the term ''sheep'' can apply to other species in the genus '' Ovis'', in everyday usage it almost always refers to domesticated ...

that had been killed by bears in the area. In 1914, Frank Clark set out to stop Old Ephraim. He set many traps in Old Ephraim's favorite wallows, but the traps were always removed, un-sprung, or flung away. Although Clark seldom saw the bear, dead sheep around the herd indicated its presence. Despite Clark's efforts, Old Ephraim killed more and more sheep without being stopped. He is said to have once killed 50 sheep at a time.

Death

Though Clark had attempted to kill the bear since 1914, he did not succeed until 1923. On the night of August 21, Clark was awakened by the tremendous roars of Old Ephraim, which had been caught in a trap Clark had set earlier in a wallow just below his camp. Clark grabbed his .25-35 rifle (very small and underpowered for such a massive grizzly) and he and his dog set out down the ravine towards the wallow. Clark met the enraged massive grizzly with the huge bear trap on one of its front paws dragging the very large, heavy log which Clark had connected to the trap by a large chain Clark shot five rounds from his .25-35 carbine rifle but the bear did not go down, so Clark fled further up the ravine back towards his camp. Clark's dog harassed Old Ephraim which Clark credited to perhaps saving his life. As the bear was so near his camp, wounded and enraged, Clark spent the remainder of the night with his dog on the side of the ridge above his camp. He listened as the great bear vocalized through the night and eventually fell silent. With the first morning light Clark investigated and found the great bear laying dead near his camp. Clark described killing Old Ephraim as "the hardest of them he bearsall". He later expressed remorse for having to do it.

Memorial

Old Ephraim was skinned and buried, but was later dug up by Boy Scout Troop 43, which sent the bear's skull to the Smithsonian. According to Clark, a pile of stones was erected by Boy Scouts over the bear's remains. Most of the remains were eventually taken by tourists as souvenirs. Later, an stone monument designed, lettered, and erected by Max, Arthur, and Howard Jorgensen was placed at the grave site. This memorial was officially dedicated on September 23, 1966. Affixed to the monument are two plaques, one with a poem that reads: At the time of his death, Old Ephraim stood tall and weighed . His

skull The skull is a bone protective cavity for the brain. The skull is composed of four types of bone i.e., cranial bones, facial bones, ear ossicles and hyoid bone. However two parts are more prominent: the cranium and the mandible. In humans, th ...

was sent to

The Smithsonian The Smithsonian Institution ( ), or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums and education and research centers, the largest such complex in the world, created by the U.S. government "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge". Founded ...

, where it was identified as a grizzly bear. It was eventually returned from the Smithsonian and put on display in the Special Collections section of the

Utah State University Utah State University (USU or Utah State) is a public land-grant research university in Logan, Utah. It is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities. With nearly 20,000 students living on or near campus, USU is Utah ...

library in Logan, Utah.

Legacy

The Old Ephraim Trail is a popular "fat tire" bike trail in the Logan area. It is a 20-mile loop with almost 3,000 feet of vertical gain, and is intended for intermediate or advanced riders. The loop starts with several miles of moderate climbing up Cowley Canyon and proceeds uphill to the upper trailhead of Ricks Canyon. The loop circles north through aspen groves and meadows. After passing Old Ephraim's grave it descends to the Right Fork of Logan River, after which there is one more sizable climb. At the top of this climb, you can see the Mt. Naomi Wilderness and the terraced cliffs of Logan Canyon. The loop ends on the single-track Willow Creek Trail. The Bear 100 Mile Endurance Run, starting in the Logan area and ending in

Fish Haven, Idaho Fish Haven, originally named Rush Creek, is an unincorporated community along the shores of Bear Lake in Bear Lake County, Idaho, United States. It is 4 km (2.5 miles) north of the Utah Utah ( , ) is a state in the Mountain West ...

, is a 100-mile ultramarathon through the Wasatch and Bear River Ranges. Though considered one of the most difficult 100-mile races, it is also considered one of the most scenic, taking advantage of the fall foliage of September. Male and female overall winners receive the Old Ephraim award. William Faulkner's 1942 short story " The Bear" has a lot of similarities to Old Ephraim. A lifesize bronze statue of Old Ephraim stands along

U.S. Route 89 U.S. Route 89 (US 89) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway with two sections, and one former section. The southern section runs for from Flagstaff, Arizona, to the southern entrance of Yellowstone National Park. The northern section ...

(Washington Street) as it enters

Montpelier, Idaho Montpelier is a city in Bear Lake County, Idaho, United States. The population was 2,597 at the 2010 census, down from 2,785 in 2000. The city is the largest community in the Bear Lake Valley, a farming region north of Bear Lake in southeaster ...

from the west. The original sculpture, installed in 2002, was replaced in 2014 by a new sculpture depicting Old Ephraim fighting against a bear trap. In 2003, during its first deployment to Iraq from Fort Hood, Texas in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom, B Company, 16th Signal Battalion, 3rd Signal Brigade (the "Grizzlies") adopted Old Ephraim's name as its company motto to represent the same fighting spirit as the famous bear. The company presented the Old Ephraim Award annually to the soldier who best exemplified Old Ephraim's fighting spirit, as voted by the company's soldiers.

References

13. "LDS Adventure Stories" 14. Mr. Gerald Jones: Personal friend of Clark's and longtime "Old Ephraim storyteller"

External links