The Old Bazaar ( mk, Стара чаршија, ''Stara čaršija''; ; tr, Eski Çarşı or Üsküp Türk Çarşısı) is a
bazaar
A bazaar () or souk (; also transliterated as souq) is a marketplace consisting of multiple small Market stall, stalls or shops, especially in the Middle East, the Balkans, North Africa and India. However, temporary open markets elsewhere, suc ...
located in
Skopje
Skopje ( , , ; mk, Скопје ; sq, Shkup) is the capital and largest city of North Macedonia. It is the country's political, cultural, economic, and academic centre.
The territory of Skopje has been inhabited since at least 4000 BC; r ...
,
North Macedonia
North Macedonia, ; sq, Maqedonia e Veriut, (Macedonia before February 2019), officially the Republic of North Macedonia,, is a country in Southeast Europe. It gained independence in 1991 as one of the successor states of Socialist Feder ...
, situated on the eastern bank of the
Vardar River
The Vardar (; mk, , , ) or Axios () is the longest river in North Macedonia and the second longest river in Greece, in which it reaches the Aegean Sea at Thessaloniki. It is long, out of which are in Greece, and drains an area of around . Th ...
, stretching from the
Stone Bridge to the Bit-Pazar and from the
Skopje Fortress
The Skopje Fortress ( mk, Скопско кале, translit=Skopsko kale; ; tr, Üsküp Kalesi), commonly referred to as Kale (from ''kale'', the Turkish word for 'fortress'), is a historic fortress located in the old town of Skopje, the capital ...
to the
Serava river.
[Стара скопска чаршија: За чаршијата](_blank)
, ''staracarsija.mk''. The Old Bazaar falls primarily within the borders of
Čair Municipality
Čair ( mk, , sq, Komuna e Çairit) is one of the ten municipalities that make up the Skopje, the capital of the North Macedonia. The municipal administration consists of a council and mayor. Skopje's old town is located in Čair. The municip ...
but a part of it is located in
Centar Municipality. As one of the oldest and largest marketplaces in the Balkans, it has been Skopje's centre
for trade and commerce since at least the 12th century.
The earliest known sources that describe the existence of a merchant quarter on the bazaar's territory date back to the 12th century.
[Old Bazaaar – Skopje](_blank)
, Macedonia National Tourism Portal. During
Ottoman rule
Ottoman is the Turkish spelling of the Arabic masculine given name Uthman ( ar, عُثْمان, ‘uthmān). It may refer to:
Governments and dynasties
* Ottoman Caliphate, an Islamic caliphate from 1517 to 1924
* Ottoman Empire, in existence fro ...
of Skopje, the Old Bazaar developed rapidly to become city's main centre of commerce. The Ottoman history of the bazaar is evidenced by roughly thirty
mosque
A mosque (; from ar, مَسْجِد, masjid, ; literally "place of ritual prostration"), also called masjid, is a place of prayer for Muslims. Mosques are usually covered buildings, but can be any place where prayers ( sujud) are performed, ...
s, numerous
caravanserai
A caravanserai (or caravansary; ) was a roadside inn where travelers ( caravaners) could rest and recover from the day's journey. Caravanserais supported the flow of commerce, information and people across the network of trade routes covering ...
s and hans, among other buildings and monuments. The bazaar was heavily damaged by the
earthquake in 1555, the
burning of the city in 1689, the
earthquake in 1963, as well as during the
First
First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1).
First or 1st may also refer to:
*World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement
Arts and media Music
* 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and rec ...
and the
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
s and faced various rebuildings following these events.
Beside its importance as a market place, the Old Bazaar is known for its cultural and historical values. Although
Ottoman architecture
Ottoman architecture is the architectural style that developed under the Ottoman Empire. It first emerged in northwestern Anatolia in the late 13th century and developed from earlier Seljuk architecture, Seljuk Turkish architecture, with influen ...
is predominant, remains of
Byzantine architecture
Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire, or Eastern Roman Empire.
The Byzantine era is usually dated from 330 AD, when Constantine the Great moved the Roman capital to Byzantium, which became Constantinople, until th ...
are evident as well, while recent reconstructions have led to the application of elements specific to
modern architecture
Modern architecture, or modernist architecture, was an architectural movement or architectural style based upon new and innovative technologies of construction, particularly the use of glass, steel, and reinforced concrete; the idea that form ...
. The Old Bazaar is still home to several active mosques,
türbe
''Türbe'' is the Turkish word for "tomb". In Istanbul it is often used to refer to the mausolea of the Ottoman sultans and other nobles and notables.
The word is derived from the Arabic ''turbah'' (meaning ''"soil/ground/earth"''), which ...
s, two churches and a clocktower, that, together with the buildings of the
Museum of the Republic of North Macedonia
The Museum of the Republic of North Macedonia ( mk, Музеј на Република Северна Македонија, translit=Muzej na Republika Severna Makedonija), formerly and still unofficially known as the Museum of Macedonia ( mk, М ...
and the
Museum of Modern Art
The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues.
It plays a major role in developing and collecting modern art, and is often identified as one of ...
, form the core of the modern bazaar.
In recent years there have been a raising interest to make the Bazaar a touristic attraction. On 13 October 2008, the
Macedonian Parliament
The Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia ( mk, Собрание на Република Северна Македонија, sq, Kuvendi i Republikës së Maqedonisë së Veriut), or the Sobranie ( mk, Собрание, "Assembly"), is t ...
adopted a law recognising the Old Bazaar as cultural heritage of particular importance for the country to be permanently protected.
[Скопската чаршија доби заслужена заштита](_blank)
, '' Večer'', 15 October 2008. In early 2010, the
Macedonian Government
Politics in North Macedonia occur within the framework of a parliamentary system, parliamentary representative democracy, representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia, Prime Minister is the head of ...
began a project for the revitalisation of the Old Bazaar, which includes the restoration of several objects and aiming a further economic and cultural development of the site.
[Почнува ревитализацијата на скопската чаршија](_blank)
, '' Dnevnik'', 17 February 2010.
History
Machiel Kiel
Machiel Kiel (born February 28, 1938) is a Dutch professor of art history. Narrow specialist in Ottoman architecture in the Balkans.
For more than half a century after the Second World War, he worked on the grounds, restorations and with the Ot ...
has been conducting a contemporary architectural survey of the old bazaar before the Skopje earthquake of 1963.
Early period
The earliest known archaeological findings revealed at the
Kale Fortress
The Skopje Fortress ( mk, Скопско кале, translit=Skopsko kale; ; tr, Üsküp Kalesi), commonly referred to as Kale (from '' kale'', the Turkish word for 'fortress'), is a historic fortress located in the old town of Skopje, the capit ...
testify that the surrounding area has been inhabited since 4,000 BC, while the earliest historical facts mention the
Paeonians
Paeonians were an ancient Indo-European people that dwelt in Paeonia. Paeonia was an old country whose location was to the north of Ancient Macedonia, to the south of Dardania, to the west of Thrace and to the east of Illyria, most of their lan ...
as the first people who settled up on this area.
[Стара скопска чаршија: Историјат](_blank)
, ''sataracarsija.mk''.
Following the fall of the city of
Scupi
Scupi (''Σκούποι'' in ancient greek) is an archaeological site located between Zajčev Rid (''Зајчев Рид'' 'Rabbit Hill') and the Vardar River, several kilometers from the center of Skopje in North Macedonia. A Roman military camp w ...
under Roman rule, numerous Roman buildings, such as
temples
A temple (from the Latin ) is a building reserved for spiritual rituals and activities such as prayer and sacrifice. Religions which erect temples include Christianity (whose temples are typically called churches), Hinduism (whose temples ...
, , and
theatres
Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, usually actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. The perform ...
were built inside the city, that subsequently promoted it as an important religious and cultural centre in the
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings around the Mediterr ...
.
In 518, Scupi was heavily damaged by a devastating earthquake, which prompted the Byzantine emperor
Justinian I
Justinian I (; la, Iustinianus, ; grc-gre, Ἰουστινιανός ; 48214 November 565), also known as Justinian the Great, was the Byzantine emperor from 527 to 565.
His reign is marked by the ambitious but only partly realized ''renovat ...
to rebuild a new capital that was located distantly from the destroyed city. Nevertheless, the local population settled up on a hilly area, where, later, the emperor Justinian ordered the construction of the Kale Fortress.
During the reign of king
Samuel, Skopje was given a particular strategic, political, economic, and cultural importance, so that the surrounding area of the Kale hill was embanked by the enactment of defensive walls, in order to keep the treasures that were present in the settlement. At the time, there was a gate named "Watertower Gate", which was built with the purpose to defend the city against the successive attacks by the Byzantine emperor
Basil II
Basil II Porphyrogenitus ( gr, Βασίλειος Πορφυρογέννητος ;) and, most often, the Purple-born ( gr, ὁ πορφυρογέννητος, translit=ho porphyrogennetos).. 958 – 15 December 1025), nicknamed the Bulgar S ...
in 1001.
Middle Ages
Byzantine rule
After the fall of the
First Bulgarian Empire
The First Bulgarian Empire ( cu, блъгарьско цѣсарьствиѥ, blagarysko tsesarystviye; bg, Първо българско царство) was a medieval Bulgar- Slavic and later Bulgarian state that existed in Southeastern Europ ...
under Byzantine rule in 1018, the emperor Basil II transformed Skopje into a capital of a
theme
Theme or themes may refer to:
* Theme (arts), the unifying subject or idea of the type of visual work
* Theme (Byzantine district), an administrative district in the Byzantine Empire governed by a Strategos
* Theme (computing), a custom graphical ...
and an episcopal see, whose bishop was elected for a four-year term. Following the death of Basil, his successor,
Romanos III Argyros
Romanos III Argyros ( el, Ρωμανός Αργυρός; Latinized Romanus III Argyrus; 968 – 11 April 1034), or Argyropoulos was Byzantine Emperor from 1028 until his death. He was a Byzantine noble and senior official in Constantinople whe ...
, undertook activities to reconstruct the
Monastery of St. Georgi, which was situated on the place where today the
Sultan Murad Mosque is located. It is said that the monastery, at the time, was one of the most reputable and decorated monasteries in most of the
Balkans
The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...
.
[Настанување на чаршијата во XI и XII век](_blank)
Проект „Стара скопска чаршија“.
With the coming to power of the Komnenni dynasty in the beginning of the 12th century, the city lived a relatively calm period and saw significant development. The development was followed by construction of walls and defense towers around Dolengrad, monasteries and churches. Strong development contributed to the city to take the position of an important trading center which was visited by merchants from many other places like Dubrovnik and Republic of Venice.
Serbian rule
In 1282, the Serbian King Stefan Uros II Milutin conquered Skopje, the city became a part of Raska and later within the medieval Serbian state. This period is characterized by the construction of numerous churches, monasteries and palaces in and around the city. During his stay in Skopje in 1299 and 1300, the Byzantine envoy Theodore Metochites noted that apart Gorengrad, there was Dolengrad, which was protected by walls.
King Stefan Dusan In 1345 Skopje was declared the capital of Serbian Kingdom by Stefan Dusan. The following year he was crowned king in Skopje. During this time the area of bazaar was a particular shopping center, but the city generally stated as the main trade center with developed crafts, where a special role had merchants from Dubrovnik and Republic of Venice. In addition it is possible that today's Sultan Murat mosque is located in the exact place where Dushan's royal palace was.
After the death of Stefan Dusan, the city was under Serbian rule until 1385 when Vuk Brankovic surrendered to the Ottomans and Skopje became part of the Ottoman Empire.
Ottoman Period
![Џамијата на Мустафа паша](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/%D0%8F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0.jpg)
The conquest by the Ottoman Turks rapidly began to change the ethnic composition of the Skopje. The wealth with which handled the local churches, monasteries, and the population itself passed into the hands of the Turks. The city transformed into a military stronghold and the construction of several buildings of religious character changed the architecture of the city. A number of typical Ottoman buildings were built immediately after the conquest. Those objects were built primarily to serve Muslim population.
Major changes to the architectural character of the current Old Bazaar occurred during governorship of Ishak Beg and his son Isa Bey. Ishak Beg began construction of Sultan Murad Mosque, which construction was completed in 1436. In 1438 began construction of Ishak Beg Mosque and the mausoleum where Ishak Beg was buried. After his death his son and successor, Isa Beg, constructed numerous buildings in what is today Old Bazaar. These buildings, constructed between 1445 and 1469, were indispensable for the economic development of the city. Thus, during this time Skopje saw new buildings like Bezisten and Çifte Hamam. After the death of Isa Beg, in accordance with his testament was built Isa Beg Mosque (1475) and later Haji-kasamova mosque (1489–1490) and Mustafa Pasha Mosque (1492).
In the period from 1489 to 1497 Daut Pasha, Grand Vesir of East Rumelia, invested in the construction of several buildings in the bazaar, among which the most famous is Daut Pasha Hamam. At the same time were built imarets i.e. public houses where food was prepared and served to the homeless and travelers who have stayed in the city.
During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Bazaar reached its urban and economic zenith, developing into one of the greatest oriental bazaars in the Balkans. The accelerated development of trade and the construction of new stores and facilities continued further. In 1504, near the bazaar, Yahya Pasha built Yahya Pasha Mosque which still survives today. Kurşumli Han inn was built in the middle of the century, and in 1543 began the construction of the Church of the Ascension of Jesus, which was the first Christian project that was approved during the Ottoman period in Skopje. The strong earthquake which struck in Skopje 1555, caused massive damage in the bazaar, but the city soon recovered and continued unimpeded development of trade. During this time most of trade took place thanks to the influential Jewish colony and other colonies were created like that of merchants from Dubrovnik.
Modern period
Yugoslavia
There are preserved important buildings of the Ottoman period within the Old Bazaar.
The buildings have undergone changes in their social, religious and cultural usage such as mosques that were linked with madrassas, caravansaries, libraries, water fountains and burial chambers.
Following the 1963 earthquake, urban planners pursued a museification of the area reserving it mainly for foreign visitors and ideological reasons for doing so were based upon
Yugoslav socialism and its understandings of secularism and modernity.
Independent Macedonia
For some months following the
inter-ethnic conflict of 2001,
Macedonians were cautious and hesitant to stroll around the Old Bazaar as the place is associated with criminality, uncleanliness and
Albanians
The Albanians (; sq, Shqiptarët ) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Balkan Peninsula who share a common Albanian ancestry, culture, history and language. They primarily live in Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Se ...
.
From 2005 onward Čair municipality outlined a vision for the capital city's historic core and implemented policies that promoted the revival of the Old Bazaar to its former Ottoman state with specific boundaries for the area.
Its initiatives include the refurbishment of the area's historical architecture, inaugurating a Jazz festival, opening a House of the esnaf (professional guilds with Ottoman era origins) and reserving a hall for the arts and music.
The urban planners of Čair, mainly Albanians, view the Old Bazaar as characterised by its Ottoman heritage and identity that was neglected or destroyed by architects from the Yugoslav and post Yugoslav eras.
The local Turkish community of Skopje has significantly contributed to the history of the Old Bazaar and supported initiatives for the refurbishment of Skopje's historical core associated with the Ottoman period.
Due to five centuries of Ottoman rule the old Bazaar is still filled with preserved Ottoman style buildings, narrow cobblestone walkways, many mosques and small craftsmen shops.
The Old Bazaar is a travel destination for tourists from overseas.
Public Opinion
Different perspectives based on community experiences of the space exists among Albanians and Macedonians of the history of the Old Bazaar.
For local Albanians, the Yugoslav era and its socialist understanding of architectural modernism resulted in neglect and failure to properly restore Ottoman religious heritage in the area.
Tourism existed and the area economically benefited until the Yugoslav financial crisis of the 1980s.
Following independence in 1991, the political elite in power took a nationalist path and as the Old Bazaar is perceived as Albanian it was allowed to decay.
A refurbishment initiative during the 1990s on the Old Stone Bridge prevented people from crossing the structure and it resulted in negative economic effects for many craftsmen of the Old Bazaar.
Following the 2001 conflict and the 2004 redrawing process of municipality borders, against a backdrop of limited state funds the Old Bazaar has flourished once again due to a proactive mayor, municipal actions and initiatives resulting in new urban development.
For local Macedonians the Old Bazaar of the 1960s was industrious, lively, disorderly and a multiethnic place where Macedonians, Albanians,
Turks
Turk or Turks may refer to:
Communities and ethnic groups
* Turkic peoples, a collection of ethnic groups who speak Turkic languages
* Turkish people, or the Turks, a Turkic ethnic group and nation
* Turkish citizen, a citizen of the Republic ...
and
Romani
Romani may refer to:
Ethnicities
* Romani people, an ethnic group of Northern Indian origin, living dispersed in Europe, the Americas and Asia
** Romani genocide, under Nazi rule
* Romani language, any of several Indo-Aryan languages of the Roma ...
lived, traded and worked alongside each other.
Over a span of twenty to thirty years the area underwent a demographic change of
Albanisation
Albanisation, Albanianisation (UK English, UK), Albanization, or Albanianization (US English, US) is the spread of Albanian culture, Albanians, people, and Albanian language, language, either by integration or Cultural assimilation, assimilation. D ...
and it became reflected in the usage of the Latin alphabet and Albanian writing in shops of the Old Bazaar.
At the beginning of the 1990s the Old Bazaar was associated with Albanian criminality and the black market.
Toward the end of the decade the Old Bazaar was still a popular place for Macedonian youth to socialise with friends.
The historical core of Skopje was viewed as more aesthetically pleasing unlike the southern half of the capital with its socialist era buildings.
Many cafes and restaurants existed and received visits from the few foreigners working in Macedonia.
The conflict of 2001 was the turning point as Macedonians abandoned the Old Bazaar for the right bank of the river Vardar, especially after new restaurants and bars opened in that area.
Following those transformations the Old Bazaar gained an Albanian character.
Landmarks
Bezisten
![Ulaz u nekadašnji bezistan u Skoplju](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Ulaz_u_nekada%C5%A1nji_bezistan_u_Skoplju.JPG)
Skopje's
bezisten
A bedesten (variants: bezistan, bezisten, bedestan) is a type of covered market or market hall which was historically found in the cities of the Ottoman Empire. It was typically the central building of the commercial district of an Ottoman town o ...
, a covered market, was built in the 15th century by Gazi Ishak Bey, the
Sultan
Sultan (; ar, سلطان ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it ...
's Skopje regent. It was destroyed by a fire in 1689 and was later rebuilt. The bezisten has looked the same since its renovation in 1899.
Clock tower
Skopje's clock tower, built in the 16th century on the foundations of an older edifice, is located just north of the
Sultan Murad Mosque. Originally built of wood, the top was replaced with bricks in 1902.
The hexagonal tower was heavily damaged during the
1963 earthquake. It was soon fully repaired.
Čifte Hamam
![National Artgallery of Republic of Macedonia (Skopje)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/National_Artgallery_of_Republic_of_Macedonia_%28Skopje%29.JPG)
The Čifte Hamam (
Turkish for 'double bath'), located in the centre of the old bazaar, was built in the 15th century under Isa Bey. The building is divided into two wings (hence the name 'double'): one for men and one for women. The layout of both sections are nearly identical.
The Čifte Hamam was used as a bathhouse until 1915. After suffering damages during the 1963 earthquake, it was repaired and has housed the Contemporary Art Gallery since then.
Daut Pasha Hamam
Daut Pasha, Grand
Vesir of East
Rumelia
Rumelia ( ota, روم ايلى, Rum İli; tr, Rumeli; el, Ρωμυλία), etymologically "Land of the Names of the Greeks#Romans (Ῥωμαῖοι), Romans", at the time meaning Eastern Orthodox Christians and more specifically Christians f ...
, constructed this
hamam in the 15th century. The building consists of fifteen rooms covered by thirteen domes. The two largest domes covered the two changing rooms and the rest of the domes covered individual bathing rooms.
Since 1948, the Daut Paşa Hamam has housed the
National Art Gallery
List of national galleries is a list of national art galleries.
{{tocright Africa
*Iziko South African National Gallery, Cape Town, South Africa
*National Art Gallery of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
The Americas
*Galería Nacional, San Juan, Puerto ...
.
Isa Bey Mosque
Situated on the outskirts of the bazaar, this mosque was built as a memorial for Isa Bey after his death. The mosque has two dominant domes and five smaller ones above the porch area.
Ishak Bey Mosque
![Aladja Moschee01](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Aladja_Moschee01.JPG)
Also known as the Decorated (Aladža) Mosque because of the floral decorations, inscriptions and coloured tiles found on its walls, the Ishak Bey Mosque was constructed in 1438 in the northern part of the Old Bazaar. The mosque's minaret rises 30 meters (98.4 feet). There is a
türbe
''Türbe'' is the Turkish word for "tomb". In Istanbul it is often used to refer to the mausolea of the Ottoman sultans and other nobles and notables.
The word is derived from the Arabic ''turbah'' (meaning ''"soil/ground/earth"''), which ...
located behind the mosque. Within this mosque was one of the first Islamic libraries in Europe.
Kale Fortress
Located on the highest hill in Skopje, overlooking the city and the river, the area upon which the fortress was built was first inhabited in prehistoric times, according to archaeological findings.
[http://www.skopje.mk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=18&Itemid=21]
Most researchers believe that the fortress was first constructed in the 11th century.
Kapan Han
![Kapan an](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Kapan_an.jpg)
One of the three remaining caravanserais in the Old Bazaar, the Kapan Han was built in the 15th century. The rooms in the upper floor were available to guests, while the ground floor was used as a stable to house the guests' horses and cattle.
Kuršumli Han
![Kuršumli han](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Kur%C5%A1umli_han.JPG)
The largest of the three remaining caravanserais, the Kuršumli Han (
Turkish for 'Lead Inn') was built by Musein Odza, the son of a scientist at Sultan Selim II's court, in the 16th century.
The roof of the inn was once covered in lead (hence the name), but was removed during World War I. The Kuršumli Han also has several small pyramidically-shaped domes. The building has a ground floor, which housed the cattle and horses, and a first floor, which housed the guests.
The attached mosque, built in the 17th century, and most of the hamam, built in the 15th century, were destroyed in the 1963 earthquake.
Today, the former han houses the statue collection of the
Museum of the Republic of North Macedonia
The Museum of the Republic of North Macedonia ( mk, Музеј на Република Северна Македонија, translit=Muzej na Republika Severna Makedonija), formerly and still unofficially known as the Museum of Macedonia ( mk, М ...
.
Mustafa Pasha Mosque
The Mustafa Pasha Mosque, built in 1492 by Mustafa Pasha on an older Christian site, stands above the Old Bazaar, near
Kale Fortress
The Skopje Fortress ( mk, Скопско кале, translit=Skopsko kale; ; tr, Üsküp Kalesi), commonly referred to as Kale (from '' kale'', the Turkish word for 'fortress'), is a historic fortress located in the old town of Skopje, the capit ...
. Considered one of the most elegant Islamic buildings in Macedonia, the complex includes the mosque, the tomb of Mustapha Paşa, the sarcophagus of one of his daughters, a fountain, and remnants of other buildings.
The mosque is square in shape and its largest dome is 16 metres (52.5 feet) in diameter. The porch is positioned on four marble pillars, decorated with stalactite, and covered by three small domes. The interior is decorated and includes calligraphic inscriptions. The minaret of Mustafa Paşa Mosque, rising 42 metres (137.8 feet) is made of limestone.
Mustafa Pasha is buried in the hexagonal marble türbe covered by a dome above a short eight-sided
tambour
In classical architecture, a tambour ( Fr.: "drum") is the inverted bell of the Corinthian capital around which are carved acanthus leaves for decoration.
The term also applies to the wall of a circular structure, whether on the ground or rais ...
. Umi, one of his four daughters, is buried in the decorated sarcophagus which includes
Persian
Persian may refer to:
* People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language
** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples
** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...
inscriptions on two of the four walls. The mosque courtyard is filled with roses and, due to its elevated location, offers a distinct view of the Old Bazaar.
Church of the Holy Salvation
Constructed in the 19th century on the foundations of an older church, half of the church was built underground as it was illegal under Ottoman rule for Christian buildings to be taller than Islamic buildings so mosques could dominate the city skyline. The church got its present appearance in the 19th century.
The church's iconstasis was carved in wood and is 10 metres (32.8 feet) long, 4.5 to 7 metres (14.8 to 23 feet) in height.
Revolutionary
Goce Delčev
Georgi Nikolov Delchev ( Bulgarian/Macedonian: Георги/Ѓорѓи Николов Делчев; 4 February 1872 – 4 May 1903), known as Gotse Delchev or Goce Delčev (''Гоце Делчев'', originally spelled in older Bulgari ...
is buried in a white stone sarcophagus in the church's courtyard.
Stone Bridge
![Puente de Piedra, Skopie, Macedonia, 2014-04-16, DD 91](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Puente_de_Piedra%2C_Skopie%2C_Macedonia%2C_2014-04-16%2C_DD_91.JPG)
The Stone Bridge, across the
Vardar River
The Vardar (; mk, , , ) or Axios () is the longest river in North Macedonia and the second longest river in Greece, in which it reaches the Aegean Sea at Thessaloniki. It is long, out of which are in Greece, and drains an area of around . Th ...
, connects the Old Bazaar to
Macedonia Square in the new part of the city. The bridge, built in the 15th century under Sultan Murad, was built of stone blocks as its name suggests, which has helped it survive the fires and earthquakes Skopje has seen. The Stone Bridge has had the same appearance since it was first built.
The bridge has 12 semicircular arches and is 214 metres (702 feet) long. During Ottoman rule, countless executions were conducted on the Stone Bridge.
Suli Han
The Suli Han was built under Ishak Bey in the 15th century. It has two floors with the upper having 54 rooms for the guests and the lower for the guests' cattle. It was fully repaired after sustaining heavy damaged during the 1963 earthquake.
The han today houses the Skopje Academy of Art and the Old Bazaar Museum.
Sultan Murad Mosque
Sultan Murad built this mosque in 1463, just south of where the clock tower would be built. The mosque has remained mostly undamaged through the fires and earthquakes Skopje has sustained.
The Sultan Murad Mosque is rectangular in shape, with a porch including four columns with decorated caplets, connected by arcades.
Bit Pazar
![Bit Pazar, Skopje 2](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Bit_Pazar%2C_Skopje_2.jpg)
Bit Pazar is part of the wider area of the Čaršija or Old Bazaar.
Skopje's largest market, Bit Pazar is located next to the Old Bazaar proper and retained its multi-ethnic and multi-lingual environment where rural people come to sell farming produce and locals conduct business.
During 2007-2008 a gate was built called the "Ottoman door" to separate the Čaršija and increase its individuality from Bit Pazar.
Skanderbeg Square
An existing statue of
Skanderbeg
, reign = 28 November 1443 – 17 January 1468
, predecessor = Gjon Kastrioti
, successor = Gjon Kastrioti II
, spouse = Donika Arianiti
, issue = Gjon Kastrioti II
, royal house = Kastrioti
, father ...
, an important historical figure to ethnic Albanians, is the main fixture of a square that bears his name located at the entrance to Skopje's Old Bazaar. The square's total cost is estimated at around 10 million euros and was completed in 2018. The square covers 28,000 m
2 (301,389 ft
2) and extends from the Macedonian Philharmonic and Macedonian Opera to the Old Bazaar. To accommodate construction a portion of the square was built on top of Goce Delčev Boulevard. Aside from plenty open space, the square contains an amphitheatre, a fountain, and underground parking.
Gallery
File:KaleFortress-Skopje1.JPG, Kale Fortress
The Skopje Fortress ( mk, Скопско кале, translit=Skopsko kale; ; tr, Üsküp Kalesi), commonly referred to as Kale (from '' kale'', the Turkish word for 'fortress'), is a historic fortress located in the old town of Skopje, the capit ...
File:Isak Bey Turbe Aladja Mosque Skopje.JPG, Türbe
''Türbe'' is the Turkish word for "tomb". In Istanbul it is often used to refer to the mausolea of the Ottoman sultans and other nobles and notables.
The word is derived from the Arabic ''turbah'' (meaning ''"soil/ground/earth"''), which ...
at Ishak Bey Mosque
File:Old Bazaar2.jpg, Street in old bazaar
File:Skopje-Daut Pashin Hamam.jpg, View over Daut Paşa Hamam
File:Ucitelska-skola-ostatok.jpg, Old school
File:Skopje Clock Tower.JPG, Clock tower of the Old Bazaar
File:Street in Skopje 2.jpg, Street in old bazaar
File:Mustafa Paşa Mosque, Skopje.jpg, Mustafa Paşa Mosque
File:Stone bridge in Skopje.jpg, Stone Bridge
File:Clocktower of St Dimitri.jpg, Clock tower of St. Demetrius Church
File:The tomb of Goce Delčev in Skopje.jpg, Goce Delčev
Georgi Nikolov Delchev ( Bulgarian/Macedonian: Георги/Ѓорѓи Николов Делчев; 4 February 1872 – 4 May 1903), known as Gotse Delchev or Goce Delčev (''Гоце Делчев'', originally spelled in older Bulgari ...
's tomb at St. Spas
File:Isa bey mosque skopje 10.jpg, Isa Bey Mosque
File:A view from Old Bazaar.jpg, A view from Old Bazaar
File:Bit Pazar - Ottoman Gate.jpg, Ottoman Gate, separating the Old Bazaar (north) and Bit Pazar (south)
Historical
File:Skopsko Kale, stara.jpg, Old town in 1920s
File:Sultan-Murad-mosque.JPG, Sultan Murad Mosque
File:Saat-kula-old.jpg, Postcard with clock tower
File:Skopje old tykish bridge on Vardar river in 1909.jpg, Stone Bridge in 1909
File:Св. Димитрија Скопје, 1935.jpg, St. Demetrius Church in 1935
File:Sv. Spas Skopje old.jpg, St. Spas Church in the 1920s
File:Skopskoto kale.jpg, Kale Fortress in the 1920s
File:Skopje - Mustapha Pascha Moschee.jpg, Mustafa Paşa Mosque
See also
*
Bazaar
A bazaar () or souk (; also transliterated as souq) is a marketplace consisting of multiple small Market stall, stalls or shops, especially in the Middle East, the Balkans, North Africa and India. However, temporary open markets elsewhere, suc ...
*
Economy of North Macedonia
The economy of North Macedonia has become more liberalized, with an improved business environment, since its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, which deprived the country of its key protected markets and the large transfer payments from Bel ...
*
Market (place)
A marketplace or market place is a location where people regularly gather for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other goods. In different parts of the world, a marketplace may be described as a '' souk'' (from the Arabic), ' ...
*
Ottoman Vardar Macedonia
Vardar Macedonia, the area that now makes up North Macedonia, was part of the Ottoman Empire for over five hundred years, from the mid-14th century to 1912. However, the Ottomans themselves did not keep any "Macedonia" as an administrative unit. ...
*
Retail
Retail is the sale of goods and services to consumers, in contrast to wholesaling, which is sale to business or institutional customers. A retailer purchases goods in large quantities from manufacturers, directly or through a wholesaler, and t ...
*
Souq
*
Bit Pazar Shooting
References
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Byzantine architecture in North Macedonia
Ottoman architecture in North Macedonia
Buildings and structures in Skopje
Bazaars
Economy of North Macedonia