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Olbia (, ; sc, Terranoa; sdn, Tarranoa) is a city and commune of 60,346 inhabitants (May 2018) in the Italian insular province of Sassari in northeastern Sardinia, Italy, in the historical region of Gallura. Called ''Olbia'' in the Roman age, Civita in the Middle Ages ( Judicates period) and ''Terranova Pausania'' before the 1940s, Olbia was again the official name of the city during the fascist period.


Geography

It is the economic centre of this part of the island (commercial centres, food industry) and is very close to the
Costa Smeralda The Costa Smeralda (, ; sdn, Monti di Mola; sc, Montes de Mola) is a coastal area and tourist destination in northern Sardinia, Italy, with a length of some 20 km, although the term originally designated only a small stretch in the comm ...
tourist area. It was one of the administrative capitals of the province of Olbia-Tempio, operative since 2005 and canceled after a referendum seven years later. Olbia is a tourist destination thanks to its sea and beaches and also for the large number of places of cultural interest to visit.


Climate

Olbia has a Mediterranean climate (''Csa''), with mild winters, warm springs and autumns and hot summers.


History

Although the name is of Greek origin, due to the Greek presence during the seventh century B.C., the city of Olbia was first settled either by the Nuragics or by Phoenicians, according to the archaeological findings. It contains ruins from the
Nuragic The nuraghe (, ; plural: Logudorese Sardinian , Campidanese Sardinian , Italian ), or also nurhag in English, is the main type of ancient megalithic edifice found in Sardinia, developed during the Nuragic Age between 1900 and 730 B.C. To ...
era to the Roman era, when it was an important port, and the Middle Ages, when it was the capital of the
Giudicato of Gallura The Judicate of Gallura ( lat, Iudicatus Gallurae, sc, Judicadu de Gallura, it, Giudicato di Gallura) was one of four Sardinian judicates in the Middle Ages. These were independent states whose rulers bore the title ''iudex'', judge. Gallura, a ...
, one of the four independent states of Sardinia. During the
First Punic War The First Punic War (264–241 BC) was the first of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage, the two main powers of the western Mediterranean in the early 3rd century BC. For 23 years, in the longest continuous conflict and grea ...
, the Romans fought against the Carthaginians and the Sardinians near Olbia, where the general Hanno died in battle. From 1113 it was the episcopal see of the Diocese of Cività (succeeding to the
Diocese of Gallura The Roman Catholic Diocese of Civita(-Tempio) was a Latin Catholic bishopric in the Gallura region of northern Sardinia (Tyrrhenian Sea, southwestern Italy). It was heir to the ancient diocese of Pausania or Phausania ( it, Fausania) (6th to 8th? c ...
, the 1070 restoration of the Diocese of Fausania, 500–750), which was renamed in 1839 as
Diocese of Civita–Tempio The Roman Catholic Diocese of Civita(-Tempio) was a Latin Catholic bishopric in the Gallura region of northern Sardinia (Tyrrhenian Sea, southwestern Italy). It was heir to the ancient diocese of Pausania or Phausania ( it, Fausania) (6th to 8th? c ...
until its formal suppression in favor of (in fact merger into) the Diocese of Tempio–Ampurias (also integrating the Diocese of Ampurias, which was in personal union with the see of Civita from 1506).


Main sights

* Romanesque former cathedral of San Simplicio (11th–12th century). * Church of St. Paul Apostle (medieval) * National Archaeology Museum * Pedres Castle *Several
dolmen A dolmen () or portal tomb is a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb, usually consisting of two or more upright megaliths supporting a large flat horizontal capstone or "table". Most date from the early Neolithic (40003000 BCE) and were somet ...
s and a menhir *Several nuraghes *Remains of the Roman forum and aqueduct *Remains of Carthaginian walls *Fausto Noce park, the largest in Sardinia *River park of Padrongianus


Sport

Olbia Calcio 1905 represents Olbia in Serie C, the third division of Italian
football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word ''football'' normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly c ...
. Olbia hosted several legs of
Aquabike World Championship (powerboating) The UIM-ABP Aquabike World Championship is a powerboating sports competition. The UIM-ABP Aquabike World Championship is the premier class of jetski racing, founded in 1992. Aquabike jetskis are personal watercraft vehicles purpose-built for raci ...
in 2003, 2004, 2018, 2019.


Transport

Olbia is the main connection between Sardinia and the Italian peninsula, with an airport ( Olbia – Costa Smeralda), a passenger port (Olbia-Isola Bianca), and a railway from
Olbia railway station Olbia railway station ( it, Stazione di Olbia) serves the town and ''comune'' of Olbia, in the northeast of the insular Italy, island and Regions of Italy, region of Sardinia, Italy. Opened in 1881, it forms part of the Cagliari–Golfo Aranci ra ...
to
Porto Torres Porto Torres ( sdc, Posthudorra, sc, Portu Turre) is a comune and a city of the Province of Sassari in north-west of Sardinia, Italy. Founded during the 1st century BC as ''Colonia Iulia Turris Libisonis'', it was the first Roman colony of the ...
,
Golfo Aranci Golfo Aranci (Gallurese: ''Figari'', sc, Figari) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about north of Cagliari and about northeast of Olbia. History The town's name ("Gulf of the Ora ...
and
Cagliari Cagliari (, also , , ; sc, Casteddu ; lat, Caralis) is an Italian municipality and the capital of the island of Sardinia, an autonomous region of Italy. Cagliari's Sardinian name ''Casteddu'' means ''castle''. It has about 155,000 inhabitant ...
. There is an expressway to Nuoro and
Cagliari Cagliari (, also , , ; sc, Casteddu ; lat, Caralis) is an Italian municipality and the capital of the island of Sardinia, an autonomous region of Italy. Cagliari's Sardinian name ''Casteddu'' means ''castle''. It has about 155,000 inhabitant ...
(SS131) and national roads to
Sassari Sassari (, ; sdc, Sàssari ; sc, Tàtari, ) is an Italian city and the second-largest of Sardinia in terms of population with 127,525 inhabitants, and a Functional Urban Area of about 260,000 inhabitants. One of the oldest cities on the island, ...
(SS199-E840), Tempio Pausania (SS127) and Palau (SS125).


Local transport

The internal city public transport and bus connections with the surrounding areas are provided by the ASPO (Olbia's public service company), while vehicle connections with the other centers of the territory are provided by the ARST (Sardinian regional transport company). Other private carriers operate with lines under concession.


Local Hospitals

The major hospitals in the area are: * "Giovanni Paolo II" Hospital - Olbia * "Paolo Dettori" Hospital - Tempio Pausania * "Paolo Merlo" Hospital -
La Maddalena La Maddalena (Gallurese: ''Madalena'' or ''La Madalena'', sc, Sa Madalena) is a town and ''comune'' located on the islands of the Maddalena archipelago in the province of Sassari, northern Sardinia, Italy. The main town of the same name is locat ...
*
Mater Olbia Hospital The Mater Olbia Hospital (MOH) is a Polyclinic in the city of Olbia in the Italian insular province of Sassari. It was formed as a result of partnership between the Qatar Foundation Endowment and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gem ...
- Olbia


Gallery

File:Olbia - Pozzo sacro di Sa Testa (06).JPG, Nuragic holy well temple of Sa testa File:Olbia, castello di Pedres (03).jpg, Olbia, castle of Pedres File:Acquedotto Romano Sa Rughittula.jpg, Ruins of the Roman aqueduct File:Olbia - Basilica di San Simplicio (02).JPG, Romanesque church of San Simplicio File:The church of S.Paolo of Olbia, Sardinia - panoramio.jpg, The church of S.Paolo of Olbia


References


Sources and external links

* *
City of Olbia


{{Authority control Cities and towns in Sardinia Phoenician colonies in Sardinia