OKO ( rus, ОКО, r=, literally means
eye, also an abbreviation for Ob'yedinonnyye Kristallom Osnovaniya ( rus, Oбъединённые Кристаллом Oснования, r=, literally means Foundations Bound by a Crystal)) is a complex of two
skyscraper
A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable building having multiple floors. Modern sources currently define skyscrapers as being at least or in height, though there is no universally accepted definition. Skyscrapers are very tall high-ris ...
s located on plot 16 in the
Moscow International Business Center (MIBC) in
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
. Occupying a total area of about , the
mixed-use
Mixed-use is a kind of urban development, urban design, urban planning and/or a zoning type that blends multiple uses, such as residential, commercial, cultural, institutional, or entertainment, into one space, where those functions are to some ...
complex houses
apartment
An apartment (American English), or flat (British English, Indian English, South African English), is a self-contained housing unit (a type of residential real estate) that occupies part of a building, generally on a single story. There are ma ...
s,
office
An office is a space where an Organization, organization's employees perform Business administration, administrative Work (human activity), work in order to support and realize objects and Goals, plans, action theory, goals of the organizati ...
space, a 5-star hotel, and other commodities.
The two skyscrapers, North Tower and South Tower, are among the
tallest skyscrapers in Russia, with the latter being the taller of the two. Rising , the 85-story South Tower, also known as the OKO Apartment Tower or 16a IBC Tower 1, was the tallest building in Russia and
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
when constructed, until it was surpassed by
Federation Tower
The Federation Tower (russian: Башня Федерация, translit=Bashnya Federatsya) is a complex of two skyscrapers built on the 13th lot of the Moscow International Business Center in Moscow, Russia. The two skyscrapers are named Tower E ...
a few months later. The 49-story North Tower, also known as the OKO Office Tower or 16a IBC Tower 2, is tall and the 11th tallest building in Russia. The complex also has a large car park, rising 12 stories with a height of .
History
![Oko Tower1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Oko_Tower1.jpg)
Construction of the OKO complex started in 2011.
In the summer of 2014, the South Tower of the OKO complex surpassed the height of the neighboring
Mercury City Tower (also in the MIBC) as the
tallest building in Russia and
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
, only to be surpassed by the neighboring Vostok/East Tower of the
Federation Tower
The Federation Tower (russian: Башня Федерация, translit=Bashnya Federatsya) is a complex of two skyscrapers built on the 13th lot of the Moscow International Business Center in Moscow, Russia. The two skyscrapers are named Tower E ...
s (also in the MIBC) in November 2014, only a few months later. It was also during this period the OKO was the tallest building made of
reinforced concrete
Reinforced concrete (RC), also called reinforced cement concrete (RCC) and ferroconcrete, is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having hig ...
.
On 28 November 2015, the OKO complex was completed and put into operation.
On 27 July 2016, the
Government of Moscow
The Government of Moscow (russian: Правительство Москвы) is the highest executive body of state authority of Moscow. The Government of Moscow is headed by the highest official of the city of Moscow, i.e. the Mayor of Moscow.
T ...
purchased from the owner of OKO, Capital Group, 55,000 m² of space in one of the towers of the OKO complex at a cost estimated at 14.3 billion rubles.
On 16 December 2016, the tallest
skating rink in Europe opened on the roof of the South Tower of the OKO complex at a height of .
Design
Overview
The facades of the complex are connected with diagonal folds and are linked by a faceted base, giving a noticeable shard effect that defines the towers' appearance. In addition, the towers' canted folds allow each other to recede from one another as they rise. The complex forms an L-shaped composition at the ground plane that is pulled to perimeter of the site. This placement and the facade folds both allow the building to lean over the nearby
Third Ring Road. A landscaped plaza sits at the base of the buildings and creates a sheltered, private garden that guides occupants to separate lobbies, in addition to give public space to pedestrians to rest. The building’s all-glass facade offers several features that benefit its occupants. Ventilated mullions can be opened manually to allow natural air flow into the interior. These mullions also help to mitigate stack effect. These features also allow the complex to give out a dynamic and shifting exterior.
In addition, the 28th and 49th floors of the North Tower and the 7th, 27th, 46th, 65th and 83rd floors of the South Tower have
entresol
A mezzanine (; or in Italian, a ''mezzanino'') is an intermediate floor in a building which is partly open to the double-height ceilinged floor below, or which does not extend over the whole floorspace of the building, a loft with non-sloped w ...
, so it can be counted 51 and 90 floors in those buildings accordingly.
Features
The South Tower is used as a
residential building
A residential area is a land used in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas.
Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas. These include single-family housing, multi-family residen ...
and a
hotel
A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. Facilities provided inside a hotel room may range from a modest-quality mattress in a small room to large suites with bigger, higher-quality beds, a dresser, a ref ...
. The building also has a skating rink on its roof, the tallest in
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
at a height of . The North Tower is used as an office. The complex also has a
restaurant
A restaurant is a business that prepares and serves food and drinks to customers. Meals are generally served and eaten on the premises, but many restaurants also offer take-out and food delivery services. Restaurants vary greatly in appearan ...
and a
fitness center
A health club (also known as a fitness club, fitness center, health spa, and commonly referred to as a gym) is a place that houses exercise equipment for the purpose of physical exercise.
In recent years, the number of fitness and health ser ...
.
Construction gallery
File:North OKO 12th September 2012.JPG, North Tower on 12 September 2012
File:South OKO 12th 12th September 2012.JPG, South Tower on 12 September 2012
File:OKO Tower, Sep2014.jpg, 2 November 2014
File:OKO Towers 2016.jpg, 22 March 2016
See also
*
OKO Tower
OKO ( rus, ОКО, r=, literally means eye, also an abbreviation for Ob'yedinonnyye Kristallom Osnovaniya ( rus, Oбъединённые Кристаллом Oснования, r=, literally means Foundations Bound by a Crystal)) is a complex o ...
*
Mercury City Tower
*
Imperia Tower
Imperia Tower, is a complex located on plot 4 of the MIBC in Moscow, Russia. The mixed-use complex includes a completed 60-story skyscraper with a height of and a 14-story building with a height of that is currently under construction. Cons ...
*
Eurasia (building)
Eurasia (), also known as Steel Peak (), is a supertall skyscraper located on plot 12 of the MIBC in Moscow, Russia. The mixed-use skyscraper occupies a total area of , and houses offices, apartments, a hotel, and a fitness center. It is the ...
*
List of tallest buildings in Russia
The first skyscrapers in Russia were built during the Stalinist Era in the Soviet Union. These skyscrapers are known as the Seven Sisters, which were built in the Stalinist architectural style. The first skyscraper to be constructed in Russia was ...
References
External links
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{{Moscow-City
Moscow International Business Center
Residential skyscrapers in Moscow