The ''Okikaze-shū'' (興風集), is a Japanese anthology of ''

waka Waka may refer to: Culture and language * Waka (canoe), a Polynesian word for canoe; especially, canoes of the Māori of New Zealand ** Waka ama, a Polynesian outrigger canoe ** Waka hourua, a Polynesian ocean-going canoe ** Waka taua, a Māori w ...

'' poetry. It is the personal anthology ('' kashū'') of

Fujiwara no Okikaze was an early 10th Century middle Heian ''waka'' poet and Japanese nobleman. Great-grandchild of Fujiwara no Hamanari. He is designated as a member of the Thirty-six Poetry Immortals. 38 of his poems are included in the anthologies compiled by th ...

. It is one of the '' Sanjūroku-nin Shū'' (三十六人集). It was put together by an unknown compiler sometime after the mid-tenth century and survives in three variant textual traditions. It incorporates poems taken from the first two

imperial anthologies Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor, or imperialism. Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to: Places United States * Imperial, California * Imperial, Missouri * Imperial, Nebraska * Imperial, Pennsylvania * Imperial, Texas ...

, as well as a number of poems from an unknown source. Later imperial anthologies attributed poems to Okikaze based on their inclusion in this collection.

Compiler and date

The ''Okikaze-shū'' is a personal collection ('' kashū'') of the ''

'' of the 10th-century poet

. It was not personally compiled by Okikaze, but by a later, unknown compiler, in the mid- or late-

Heian period The is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. It followed the Nara period, beginning when the 50th emperor, Emperor Kanmu, moved the capital of Japan to Heian-kyō (modern Kyoto). means "peace" in Japanese. ...

Textual tradition

The ''Okikaze-shū'' has three distinct textual lines, but scholars consider them to have originated from a single

Urtext Urtext (, from ''ur-'' "primordial" and ''text'' "text", ) may refer to: * Urtext (biblical studies), the text that is believed to precede both the Septuagint and the Masoretic text * Urtext edition An urtext edition of a work of classical mu ...

. Line 1 is the '' rufubon'' (common) text, which was printed as part of the ''Kasen Kashū'' during the

Shōhō was a after ''Kan'ei'' and before ''Keian''. This period spanned the years from December 1644 through February 1648. The reigning emperor was .Titsingh, Isaac. (1834) ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', p. 412./ref> Change of era * 1644 : The ...

era (the '' Shōhō-ban Kasen Kashū'', 正保版歌仙歌集) and includes 52 poems. The last of these poems, however, is an interpolation (他本歌 ''tahon-ka'') from the '' Gosenshū''. Line 2 is represented by a manuscript traditionally attributed to , and includes 53 poems. Line 3 is represented by the edition included in the '' Nishihonganji-bon Sanjūroku-nin Shū'' (the

Nishi Hongan-ji is a Jōdo Shinshū Buddhist temple in the Shimogyō ward of Kyoto, Japan. It serves as the head temple of the sub-sect Honganji-ha. It is one of two Jōdo Shinshū temple complexes in Kyoto, the other being Higashi Hongan-ji, which is the ...

text), and includes 57 poems. Lines 1 and 2 more closely resemble each other than either resembles Line 3. There is also a surviving fragmentary text, the so-called ''Fujiwara no Okikaze Shū'' (藤原興風集).

All three textual lines of the ''Okikaze-shū'' are composed of two sections, the first of which consists of poems borrowed from the '' Kokinshū'' and the ''Gosenshū'', the latter sections being poems collected by an unknown compiler. The poems that were attributed to Okikaze by the '' Shinkokinshū'' and later

were all taken from this latter section.

Facsimiles and modern editions

Facsimile A facsimile (from Latin ''fac simile'', "to make alike") is a copy or reproduction of an old book, manuscript, map, Old master print, art print, or other item of historical value that is as true to the original source as possible. It differs from ...

editions include the ''Fukkoku Nihon Koten Bungakukan'', the ''Gosho-bon Sanjūrokunin-shū'', the ''Sanjūrokunin Kashū'' and the ''Nishihonganji-bon Sanjūrokunin Kashū''. Modern printed editions include those of the ''

Gunsho Ruijū is a collection of old Japanese books on Japanese literature and history assembled by Hanawa Hokiichi (塙保己一) with the support of the Bakufu. It has several sections separated in genre's such as shinto the native Japanese religion or wak ...

'', the '' Shoku Kokka Taikan'' (a supplement to the ''

Kokka Taikan The ''Kokka Taikan'' (国歌大観) is a compilation encyclopedia of Japanese waka poetry early and modern, also serving as the ''de facto'' academic indexing system for poetry about which little is known. It is published by Kadokawa Gakugei Shupp ...

'') and the '' Katsura no Miya Sōsho'' Vol. 1.

References

Works cited

External links

Full text
of the ''Okikaze-shū'' in the

International Research Center for Japanese Studies The , or Nichibunken (日文研), is an inter-university research institute in Kyoto. Along with the National Institute of Japanese Literature, the National Museum of Japanese History, and the National Museum of Ethnology, it is one of the Natio ...