Ogrodzona is a village in Gmina Dębowiec,

Cieszyn County __NOTOC__ Cieszyn County ( pl, powiat cieszyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Czech and Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result o ...

, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. The name is of cultural origins and literally means '' fenced/penned lace, village' (feminine adjective from Polish '' ogrodzenie'').

History

The village lies the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. It was first mentioned in a document of

Bishop of Wrocław Bishops of the (Breslau )Wrocław Bishopric, Prince-Bishopric (1290–1918), and Archdiocese (since 1930; see Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław for details). Bishops * 1000–? – John (Johannes) * 1051–1062 – Hieronymus * 1063–1072 ...

issued on 23 May 1223 for Norbertine Sisters in Rybnik among villages paying them a tithe, as ''Ogrozona''. Politically it belonged then to the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz and the

Castellan A castellan is the title used in Medieval Europe for an appointed official, a governor of a castle and its surrounding territory referred to as the castellany. The title of ''governor'' is retained in the English prison system, as a remnant o ...

y of Cieszyn, which was in 1290 formed in the process of feudal fragmentation of Poland into the Duchy of Teschen, ruled by a local branch of Silesian Piast dynasty. In 1327 the duchy became a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became a part of the

Habsburg monarchy The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...

. The village became a seat of a Catholic parish, and was mentioned in the register of

Peter's Pence Peter's Pence (or ''Denarii Sancti Petri'' and "Alms of St Peter") are donations or payments made directly to the Holy See of the Catholic Church. The practice began under the Saxons in England and spread through Europe. Both before and after the ...

payment from 1447 among the 50 parishes of Teschen

deanery A deanery (or decanate) is an ecclesiastical entity in the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Anglican Communion, the Evangelical Church in Germany, and the Church of Norway. A deanery is either the jurisdiction or residenc ...

as ''Ogrodzona''. After the

Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire The Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire were a set of revolutions that took place in the Austrian Empire from March 1848 to November 1849. Much of the revolutionary activity had a nationalist character: the Empire, ruled from Vienna, incl ...

a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia. The village as a municipality was subscribed to the political and legal district of Cieszyn. According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the population of the municipality dropped from 468 in 1880 to 460 in 1910 with the majority being native Polish-speakers (between 97.2% and 98.6%) accompanied by a small German-speaking minority (at most 11 or 2.4% in 1880) and Czech-speaking people (at most 5 or 1.1% in 1910). In terms of religion in 1910 the majority were

Roman Catholics The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

(57.9%), followed by

Protestants Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to b ...

(39.2%) and Jews (14 or 2.9%). The village was also traditionally inhabited by

Cieszyn Vlachs The Cieszyn Vlachs ( pl, Wałasi cieszyńscy, cs, Těšínští Valaši) are a Polish ethnographic group (subgroup of Silesians) living around the towns of Cieszyn and Skoczów, one of the four major ethnographic groups in Cieszyn Silesia, t ...

, speaking Cieszyn Silesian dialect. After World War I, the fall of Austria-Hungary, the Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, it became a part of Poland. It was then

annexed Annexation (Latin ''ad'', to, and ''nexus'', joining), in international law, is the forcible acquisition of one state's territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory. It is generally held to be an illegal act ...

by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war it was restored to Poland.

Geography

Ogrodzona lies in the southern part of Poland, east of Cieszyn, west of Bielsko-Biała, south-west of the regional capital

Katowice Katowice ( , , ; szl, Katowicy; german: Kattowitz, yi, קאַטעוויץ, Kattevitz) is the capital city of the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland and the central city of the Upper Silesian metropolitan area. It is the 11th most popul ...

, and east of the border with the Czech Republic. The village is situated in the Silesian Foothills, with the highest hill reaching

above sea level Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as ''orthometric heights''. The comb ...

, north of the Silesian Beskids. The northern part of the village forms the headwaters area of the

Knajka Knajka is a stream in the Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. It is a left-bank tributary of the Vistula, which it enters just south of Strumień. Its length is variously said to be either ...

stream, in the watershed of the Vistula, whereas the southern part of the village belongs to Olza River drainage area, in the watershed of

Odra Odra may refer to: Rivers * Odra (Poland), also known as Oder, a river in Czech Republic, Poland and Germany * Odra (Kupa), a river in Croatia * Odra (Spain), a river in Spain Populated places * Odra, Silesian Voivodeship, a village in southern ...

. The biggest forest, called ''Kamieniec'', lies in the north west part of the village and is a

Natura 2000 Natura 2000 is a network of nature protection areas in the territory of the European Union. It is made up of Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas designated under the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive, respectively ...

site, ''Cieszyńskie Źródła Tufowe'' (PLH240001). Expressway S52 runs through the village.

Gallery

File:POL Ogrodzona Kościół EA.JPG, Lutheran church File:POL Ogrodzona Szkoła.JPG, Elementary school File:POL Ogrodzona Środowiskowy Ośrodek Kultury.jpg, Culture Centre of Society File:POL Ogrodzona OSP.jpg, Fire department

References

{{Cieszyn Silesia Villages in Cieszyn County Cieszyn Silesia