Ogrodzona is a village in
Gmina Dębowiec,
Cieszyn County
__NOTOC__
Cieszyn County ( pl, powiat cieszyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Czech and Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result o ...
,
Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland.
The name is of cultural origins and literally means ''
fenced/penned
lace, village' (feminine adjective from Polish ''
ogrodzenie'').
History
The village lies the historical region of
Cieszyn Silesia. It was first mentioned in a document of
Bishop of Wrocław
Bishops of the (Breslau )Wrocław Bishopric, Prince-Bishopric (1290–1918), and Archdiocese (since 1930; see Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław for details).
Bishops
* 1000–? – John (Johannes)
* 1051–1062 – Hieronymus
* 1063–1072 ...
issued on 23 May 1223 for
Norbertine Sisters in
Rybnik among villages paying them a
tithe, as ''Ogrozona''.
Politically it belonged then to the
Duchy of Opole and Racibórz and the
Castellan
A castellan is the title used in Medieval Europe for an appointed official, a governor of a castle and its surrounding territory referred to as the castellany. The title of ''governor'' is retained in the English prison system, as a remnant o ...
y of
Cieszyn, which was in 1290 formed in the process of
feudal fragmentation of Poland into the
Duchy of Teschen, ruled by a local branch of
Silesian Piast dynasty. In 1327 the duchy became a
fee of the
Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became a part of the
Habsburg monarchy
The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...
.
The village became a seat of a Catholic
parish, and was mentioned in the register of
Peter's Pence
Peter's Pence (or ''Denarii Sancti Petri'' and "Alms of St Peter") are donations or payments made directly to the Holy See of the Catholic Church. The practice began under the Saxons in England and spread through Europe. Both before and after the ...
payment from 1447 among the 50 parishes of Teschen
deanery
A deanery (or decanate) is an ecclesiastical entity in the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Anglican Communion, the Evangelical Church in Germany, and the Church of Norway. A deanery is either the jurisdiction or residenc ...
as ''Ogrodzona''.
After the
Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire
The Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire were a set of revolutions that took place in the Austrian Empire from March 1848 to November 1849. Much of the revolutionary activity had a nationalist character: the Empire, ruled from Vienna, incl ...
a modern
municipal division was introduced in the re-established
Austrian Silesia. The village as a municipality was subscribed to the
political and
legal district of
Cieszyn. According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the population of the municipality dropped from 468 in 1880 to 460 in 1910 with the majority being native Polish-speakers (between 97.2% and 98.6%) accompanied by a small German-speaking minority (at most 11 or 2.4% in 1880) and Czech-speaking people (at most 5 or 1.1% in 1910). In terms of religion in 1910 the majority were
Roman Catholics
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
(57.9%), followed by
Protestants
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to b ...
(39.2%) and
Jews (14 or 2.9%). The village was also traditionally inhabited by
Cieszyn Vlachs
The Cieszyn Vlachs ( pl, Wałasi cieszyńscy, cs, Těšínští Valaši) are a Polish ethnographic group (subgroup of Silesians) living around the towns of Cieszyn and Skoczów, one of the four major ethnographic groups in Cieszyn Silesia, t ...
, speaking
Cieszyn Silesian dialect.
After
World War I, the fall of
Austria-Hungary, the
Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division of
Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, it became a part of
Poland. It was then
annexed
Annexation (Latin ''ad'', to, and ''nexus'', joining), in international law, is the forcible acquisition of one state's territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory. It is generally held to be an illegal act ...
by
Nazi Germany at the beginning of
World War II. After the war it was restored to
Poland.
Geography
Ogrodzona lies in the southern part of Poland, east of
Cieszyn, west of
Bielsko-Biała, south-west of the regional capital
Katowice
Katowice ( , , ; szl, Katowicy; german: Kattowitz, yi, קאַטעוויץ, Kattevitz) is the capital city of the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland and the central city of the Upper Silesian metropolitan area. It is the 11th most popul ...
, and east of the border with
the Czech Republic.
The village is situated in the
Silesian Foothills,
with the highest hill reaching
above sea level
Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as ''orthometric heights''.
The comb ...
, north of the
Silesian Beskids. The northern part of the village forms the headwaters area of the
Knajka
Knajka is a stream in the Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. It is a left-bank tributary of the Vistula, which it enters just south of Strumień. Its length is variously said to be either ...
stream, in the watershed of the
Vistula, whereas the southern part of the village belongs to
Olza River drainage area, in the watershed of
Odra Odra may refer to:
Rivers
* Odra (Poland), also known as Oder, a river in Czech Republic, Poland and Germany
* Odra (Kupa), a river in Croatia
* Odra (Spain), a river in Spain
Populated places
* Odra, Silesian Voivodeship, a village in southern ...
. The biggest forest, called ''Kamieniec'', lies in the north west part of the village and is a
Natura 2000
Natura 2000 is a network of nature protection areas in the territory of the European Union. It is made up of Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas designated under the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive, respectively ...
site, ''Cieszyńskie Źródła Tufowe'' (PLH240001).
Expressway S52 runs through the village.
Gallery
File:POL Ogrodzona Kościół EA.JPG, Lutheran church
File:POL Ogrodzona Szkoła.JPG, Elementary school
File:POL Ogrodzona Środowiskowy Ośrodek Kultury.jpg, Culture Centre of Society
File:POL Ogrodzona OSP.jpg, Fire department
References
{{Cieszyn Silesia
Villages in Cieszyn County
Cieszyn Silesia