The Offshore Safety Act 1992 (1992 chapter 15) is an Act of the

Parliament of the United Kingdom The Parliament of the United Kingdom is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories. It meets at the Palace of Westminster, London. It alone possesses legislative suprema ...

which extends the application of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 to secure the safety, health and welfare of people on offshore installations. It increases the penalties of certain offences under the 1974 Act and empowers the Secretary of State to secure supplies of petroleum and petroleum products.

Background

The safety, health and welfare of offshore workers in the United Kingdom's sector of the

North Sea The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. An epeiric sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian S ...

had been secured since 1971 by the Mineral Workings (Offshore Installations) Act 1971 and its subsidiary legislation. The Health and Safety at Work, etc. Act 1974 was administered on behalf of the Health and Safety Executive by the Petroleum Engineering Division of the

Department of Energy A Ministry of Energy or Department of Energy is a government department in some countries that typically oversees the production of fuel and electricity; in the United States, however, it manages nuclear weapons development and conducts energy-rel ...

. By the late 1970s it was recognised that there was a potential conflict of interest between the roles within the Department of Energy as they applied offshore. The conflict arose because the Department of Energy was acting as both the offshore safety regulator and with the responsibility for developing the UK's energy resources. Furthermore, there were differences in approaches to safety specified in the Minerals Workings (Offshore Installations) Act 1971 and the Health and Safety at Work, etc. Act 1974. The regulations made under the 1971 Act were prescriptive and contained detailed guidance notes, which led to an approach to safety through the rigid application of the regulations. This contrasted with the goal setting approach espoused in the Health and Safety at Work, etc. Act 1974. The conflict of interest was examined in the Burgoyne Report in 1980 which supported the existing offshore approach. Following the

Piper Alpha disaster Piper Alpha was an oil platform located in the North Sea approximately north-east of Aberdeen, Scotland. It was operated by Occidental Petroleum (Caledonia) Limited (OPCAL) and began production in 1976, initially as an oil-only platform but la ...

in 1988, the 106 recommendations of the Public Inquiry by Lord Cullen proposed fundamental changes to the regulation of offshore safety. These included the preparation and publication of Safety Cases, the strengthening of Safety Management Systems, independent assessment and survey, legislative changes and changing the regulatory body. The Offshore Safety Act legally implemented many of the Inquiry recommendations. The regulation of offshore safety was transferred in 1991 from the Petroleum Engineering Division of the Department of Energy to the Health and Safety Executive.

Offshore Safety Act 1992

The Offshore Safety Act 1992 (1992 c. 15) received

Royal Assent Royal assent is the method by which a monarch formally approves an act of the legislature, either directly or through an official acting on the monarch's behalf. In some jurisdictions, royal assent is equivalent to promulgation, while in other ...

on 6 March 1992. Its long title is: ‘An Act to extend the application of Part I of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974; to increase the penalties for certain offences under that Part; to confer powers for preserving the security of supplies of petroleum and petroleum products; and for connected purposes.’

Provisions

The Act comprises 7 Sections and 2 Schedules: * ''1. Application of Part I of 1974 Act for offshore purposes''. The purposes of the 1974 Act were amended to include securing the safety, health and welfare of people working offshore; the safety, safe construction, operation, and prevention of accidents on or near offshore installations and pipelines; and securing the safe dismantling and disposal of installations and pipelines. The remaining provisions of the Mineral Workings (Offshore Installations) Act 1971 were made relevant statutory provisions of the Offshore Safety Act. * ''2. Application of Part I for other purposes''. Securing the safe construction and operation, preventing release from, and protecting the public from, pipelines and pipeline incidents. * ''3. Provisions consequential on sections 1 and 2''. Amended legislation, mainly Sections that shall ‘cease to have effect’. * ''4. Increased penalties under Part I.'' Increases certain penalties prescribed in the Health and Safety at work etc. Act 1974. * ''5. Directions for preserving security of petroleum and petroleum products''. Empowers the Secretary of State to give directions to preserve the security of any offshore installation, onshore terminal or oil refinery. * ''6. Corresponding provisions for Northern Ireland''. The Act does not extend to Northern Ireland. * ''7. Short title, repeals, commencement and extent''. Most of the Act commenced at Royal Assent. * ''Schedule 1 Model Clauses Referred to in Section 3(2)'' Amendments to model clauses in Acts, Statutory Instruments, etc. * ''Schedule 2 Repeals'' Sections of certain Acts repealed. The Offshore Safety Act 1992 is still current (2020) legislation.

Subsidiary legislation

A number of key offshore regulations support the aims of the 1992 Act, these were enacted as

Statutory Instruments In many countries, a statutory instrument is a form of delegated legislation. United Kingdom Statutory instruments are the principal form of delegated or secondary legislation in the United Kingdom. National government Statutory instrument ...

. * ''The Offshore Installations (Safety Case) Regulations 1992'' Statutory Instrument 1992 No. 2885, these Regulations were repealed and replaced by: * ''The Offshore Installations (Safety Case) Regulations 2005'' Statutory Instrument 2005 No. 3117. * ''The Offshore Installations (Prevention of Fire and Explosion, and Emergency Response) Regulations 1995'' Statutory Instrument 1995 No. 743. * ''The Offshore Installations and Pipeline Works (Management and Administration) Regulations 1995'' Statutory Instrument 1995 No. 738. * ''The Offshore Installations and Wells (Design and Construction etc) Regulations 1996'' Statutory Instrument 1996 No. 913. * ''The Offshore Installations (Offshore Safety Directive) (Safety Case etc.) Regulations 2015'' Statutory Instrument 2015 No. 398. The 1992 Act and the subsidiary legislation were enforced by the Offshore Safety Division (now Offshore Energy) of the Health and Safety Executive.

Certification and verification

The prescriptive offshore certification regime had been introduced by the Offshore Installations (Construction and Survey) Regulations 1974. A Certifying Authority inspected the design, construction and operation of an installation against published guidance. This regime continued after the passage of the 1992 Act. It was replaced in 1996 with a goal-setting verification scheme by the ''Offshore Installations and Wells (Design and Construction etc) Regulations 1996.''

Later enactments

The ''Health and Safety (Offences) Act 2008'' (c. 20) repealed Section 4 of the 1992 Act.

References

{{reflist United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1992 History of the petroleum industry in the United Kingdom