The Office of Portfolio Analysis was established in the

Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives The Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives (DPCPSI) is a division of the Office of the Director of the National Institutes of Health of the United States of America. DPCPSI was formally established as part of implemen ...

in 2011 to assist

NIH The National Institutes of Health, commonly referred to as NIH (with each letter pronounced individually), is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research. It was founded in the late ...

Institutes and Centers with scientific portfolio analysis. Per the Federal Register, the Office of Portfolio Analysis serves the following goals: # Prepare and analyze data on NIH sponsored biomedical research to inform trans-NIH planning and coordination; # Serve as a resource for portfolio management at the programmatic level; # Employ databases, analytic tools, methodologies and other resources to conduct assessments in support of portfolio analyses and priority setting in scientific areas of interest across NIH; # Research and develop new analytic tools, support systems, and specifications for new resources in coordination with other NIH organizations to enhance the management of the NIH's scientific portfolio; and # Provide, in coordination with other NIH organizations, training on portfolio analysis tools, procedures, and methodology. After its establishment in 2011,

George Santangelo George M. Santangelo is an American genomicist and data scientist. He is the director of the Office of Portfolio Analysis at the National Institutes of Health. Education and career Santangelo received his bachelor's degree from the Unive ...

was appointed as the first Director of the Office of Portfolio Analysis.

Analytic tools

NIH COVID-19 Portfolio

In response to the

COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The novel virus was first identif ...

, the Office of Portfolio Analysis developed th
NIH COVID-19 Portfolio
to index and track ongoing

COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by a virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first known case was COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei, identified in Wuhan, China, in December ...

research and disseminate it to the public. This portfolio is curated by scientific experts for COVID-19 relevance, and includes both peer-reviewed publications indexed in

PubMed PubMed is a free search engine accessing primarily the MEDLINE database of references and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics. The United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health maintain the ...

and

preprints In academic publishing, a preprint is a version of a scholarly or scientific paper that precedes formal peer review and publication in a peer review, peer-reviewed scholarly or scientific journal. The preprint may be available, often as a non-ty ...

from

bioRxiv bioRxiv (pronounced "bio-archive") is an open access preprint repository for the biological sciences co-founded by John Inglis and Richard Sever in November 2013. It is hosted by the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL). As preprints, papers h ...

medRxiv medRxiv (pronounced "med-archive") is an Internet site distributing unpublished eprints about health sciences. It distributes complete but unpublished manuscripts in the areas of medicine, clinical research, and related health sciences without c ...

chemRxiv ChemRxiv (pronounced "chem archive"—the X represents the Greek letter chi � is an open access preprint archive for chemistry. It is operated by the American Chemical Society, Royal Society of Chemistry and German Chemical Society. The new pre ...

arXiv arXiv (pronounced "archive"—the X represents the Greek letter chi ⟨χ⟩) is an open-access repository of electronic preprints and postprints (known as e-prints) approved for posting after moderation, but not peer review. It consists of ...

SSRN The Social Science Research Network (SSRN) is a repository for preprints devoted to the rapid dissemination of scholarly research in the social sciences, humanities, life sciences, and health sciences, among others. Elsevier bought SSRN from So ...

, and Research Square.

''iCite''

The NIH developed
iCite
' as a

bibliometrics Bibliometrics is the use of statistical methods to analyse books, articles and other publications, especially in regard with scientific contents. Bibliometric methods are frequently used in the field of library and information science. Biblio ...

dashboard to freely disseminate article-level

citation metrics Citation impact is a measure of how many times an academic journal article or book or author is cited by other articles, books or authors. Citation counts are interpreted as measures of the impact or influence of academic work and have given rise ...

for

scientific publications : ''For a broader class of literature, see Academic publishing.'' Scientific literature comprises scholarly publications that report original empirical and theoretical work in the natural and social sciences. Within an academic field, scient ...

that are indexed in

. One stated purpose of this analytic tool was to replace the use of journal level metrics like the

Journal Impact Factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as in ...

in research assessment and portfolio analysis. Bulk data are made available through database snapshots and an API

As of 2020, '' iCite'' hosts three modules focusing on different types of citation metrics:

Influence

The research community called for the use of article-level citation metrics for research assessment instead of journal-level metrics, in the

San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment The San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) intends to halt the practice of correlating the journal impact factor to the merits of a specific scientist's contributions. Also according to this statement, this practice creates bias ...

. The influence module of ''iCite'' disseminates field- and time-normalized article-level citation metrics like the Relative Citation Ratio.

Translation

Because the

is particularly focused on science that improves human health, it developed article-level metrics that track the dissemination of basic research findings into clinical research, a process known as

bench to bedside Translational medicine (often called translational science, of which it is a form) is defined by the European Society for Translational Medicine as "an interdisciplinary branch of the biomedical field supported by three main pillars: benchside, beds ...

translation. The Translation module of ''iCite'' shows which clinical research articles have cited a given publication. For those publicationthat are not yet cited by a clinical research article, the Translation module shows the Approximate Potential to Translate, which is a

machine learning Machine learning (ML) is a field of inquiry devoted to understanding and building methods that 'learn', that is, methods that leverage data to improve performance on some set of tasks. It is seen as a part of artificial intelligence. Machine ...

estimate of the probability that the publication will be cited by a clinical research article in the future.

Citations

In order to maximize transparency, the Office of Portfolio Analysis generated a public-domain citation graph named the NIH Open Citation Collection. This citation graph underpins all citation metrics disseminated in ''iCite'', and sources citation data from several sources, as well as extracting references from the PDFs of

open access Open access (OA) is a set of principles and a range of practices through which research outputs are distributed online, free of access charges or other barriers. With open access strictly defined (according to the 2001 definition), or libre op ...

articles.

References

{{reflist National Institutes of Health 2011 establishments in the United States