''Oeneis'' (the Arctics or graylings) is a butterfly genus of the

Satyrinae The Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the browns, are a subfamily of the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies). They were formerly considered a distinct family, Satyridae. This group contains nearly half of the known divers ...

. All but one of its members are

Arctic The Arctic ( or ) is a polar regions of Earth, polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), Danish Realm (Greenla ...

, sub-Arctic or high-altitude

alpine Alpine may refer to any mountainous region. It may also refer to: Places Europe * Alps, a European mountain range ** Alpine states, which overlap with the European range Australia * Alpine, New South Wales, a Northern Village * Alpine National Pa ...

in distribution. Some of the members of the genus are among the butterflies that can get along in the harshest climates of any butterflies. Four species in Europe, more are found in Arctic

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

Siberia Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive geographical region, constituting all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has been a part of ...

Mongolia Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, ...

, Arctic North America and the

Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, also known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range and the largest mountain system in North America. The Rocky Mountains stretch in straight-line distance from the northernmost part of western Canada, to New Mexico in ...

. Curiously, there are no observations from

Greenland Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland is t ...

. The development of most species takes two years.

Species

Listed alphabetically within groups: The ''jutta'' species group: *''

Oeneis fulla ''Oeneis'' (the Arctics or graylings) is a butterfly genus of the Satyrinae. All but one of its members are Arctic, sub-Arctic or high-altitude alpine in distribution. Some of the members of the genus are among the butterflies that can get along ...

'' (Eversmann, 1851) *''

Oeneis jutta ''Oeneis jutta'', the Jutta Arctic or Baltic grayling, is a species of butterfly in the subfamily Satyrinae with a Circumboreal distribution. It occurs in bogs and tundra in the north of Europe, the Baltic states, the Urals, Siberia, northern Kaz ...

'' (Hübner, 1805–1806) – Baltic grayling or Jutta Arctic *''

Oeneis magna ''Oeneis magna'' is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It was described by Ludwig Carl Friedrich Graeser in 1888. It is found from the Altai Mountains to southern Siberia and the Russian Far East, Mongolia, northern China and Korea. The hab ...

'' (Graeser, 1888) *''

Oeneis melissa ''Oeneis melissa'', the Melissa Arctic, is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. The wingspan is 42–51 mm. The larvae feed on various sedges, including '' Carex bigelowii'' and '' Carex rupestris''. Subspecies *''Oeneis mel ...

'' (Fabricius, 1775) – Melissa Arctic *''

Oeneis tunga ''Oeneis'' (the Arctics or graylings) is a butterfly genus of the Satyrinae. All but one of its members are Arctic, sub-Arctic or high-altitude alpine climate, alpine in distribution. Some of the members of the genus are among the butterflies tha ...

'' (Staudinger, 1894) The ''norna'' species group: *''

Oeneis actaeoides ''Oeneis'' (the Arctics or graylings) is a butterfly genus of the Satyrinae. All but one of its members are Arctic, sub-Arctic or high-altitude alpine in distribution. Some of the members of the genus are among the butterflies that can get along ...

'' (Lukhtanov, 1989) *'' Oeneis glacialis'' (Moll, 1785) – Alpine grayling *''

Oeneis norna ''Oeneis norna'', the Norse grayling, is a species of butterfly in subfamily Satyrinae, that occurs throughout Scandinavia and the northern Palearctic. Description It is extremely variable and the smaller, lighter ''O. norna'' often resemble ...

'' (Thunberg, 1791) – Norse grayling *''

Oeneis philipi ''Oeneis'' (the Arctics or graylings) is a butterfly genus of the Satyrinae. All but one of its members are Arctic, sub-Arctic or high-altitude alpine in distribution. Some of the members of the genus are among the butterflies that can get along ...

'' (Troubridge, 1988) *''

Oeneis polixenes ''Oeneis polixenes'', the Polixenes ArcticPolixenes Arctic

'' (Fabricius, 1775) – Polixenes Arctic *'' Oeneis rosovi'' (Kurentzov 1960) – Philip's Arctic The ''alpina'' species group: *''

Oeneis alpina ''Oeneis alpina'', the sentinel Arctic or Eskimo Arctic, is a species of butterfly in the subfamily Satyrinae. It occurs in Siberia and the northern parts of North America. Description The wing span of ''O. alpina'' is about forty millimetres. ...

'' (Kurentzov, 1970) – sentinel ArcticSentinel Arctic
Butterflies of Canada The ''hora'' species group: *''

Oeneis aktashi ''Oeneis'' (the Arctics or graylings) is a butterfly genus of the Satyrinae. All but one of its members are Arctic, sub-Arctic or high-altitude alpine in distribution. Some of the members of the genus are among the butterflies that can get along ...

'' (Lukhtanov, 1984) *''

Oeneis ammosovi ''Oeneis'' (the Arctics or graylings) is a butterfly genus of the Satyrinae. All but one of its members are Arctic, sub-Arctic or high-altitude alpine in distribution. Some of the members of the genus are among the butterflies that can get along ...

'' (Dubatov & Korshunov, 1988) *''

Oeneis elwesi ''Oeneis elwesi'' is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found south of the Altai and Sayan Mountains and Mongolia. Adults are on wing from May to June. Subspecies *''Oeneis elwesi elwesi'' (Altai, western Tuva) *''Oeneis elwesi tannu ...

'' (Staudinger, 1901) *''

Oeneis hora ''Oeneis'' (the Arctics or graylings) is a butterfly genus of the Satyrinae. All but one of its members are Arctic, sub-Arctic or high-altitude alpine in distribution. Some of the members of the genus are among the butterflies that can get along ...

'' (Grum-Grshimailo, 1888) *''

Oeneis mulla ''Oeneis'' (the Arctics or graylings) is a butterfly genus of the Satyrinae. All but one of its members are Arctic, sub-Arctic or high-altitude alpine in distribution. Some of the members of the genus are among the butterflies that can get along ...

'' (Staudinger, 1881) The ''bore'' species group: *''

Oeneis alberta ''Oeneis alberta'', the Alberta Arctic, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found from the Canadian prairie provinces east to southern Manitoba. Isolated populations are found along the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, New Mexico and Ariz ...

'' (Elwes, 1893) – Alberta Arctic *''

Oeneis ammon ''Oeneis'' (the Arctics or graylings) is a butterfly genus of the Satyrinae. All but one of its members are Arctic, sub-Arctic or high-altitude alpine in distribution. Some of the members of the genus are among the butterflies that can get along ...

'' (Elwes, 1899) *''

Oeneis bore ''Oeneis bore'', the white-veined Arctic or Arctic grayling, is a butterfly, a species of Satyrinae that occurs in North America and Asia. Description The wingspan is 37 to 49 mm. The dorsal view is a dull greyish brown while the females ...

'' (Schneider, 1792) – Arctic grayling or white-veined Arctic *''

Oeneis chryxus ''Oeneis chryxus'', the chryxus Arctic or brown Arctic, is a butterfly of subfamily Satyrinae found in the far northwest regions of Canada and the United States. The brown Arctic has highly variable colorings, which tend toward light yellow to o ...

'' (Doubleday, 1849) – brown Arctic or chryxus Arctic *''

Oeneis ivallda ''Oeneis'' (the Arctics or graylings) is a butterfly genus of the Satyrinae. All but one of its members are Arctic, sub-Arctic or high-altitude alpine in distribution. Some of the members of the genus are among the butterflies that can get along ...

'' (Mead, 1878) – California Arctic *''

Oeneis nevadensis ''Oeneis nevadensis'' is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is commonly known as the great Arctic, Nevada Arctic, great grayling, Felder's Arctic, or Pacific Arctic. It is native to northwestern North America. Subspecies * '' ...

'' (C. & R. Felder, 1866) – great Arctic *''

Oeneis macounii ''Oeneis macounii'', the Canada Arctic or Macoun's Arctic, is a butterfly of subfamily Satyrinae that occurs in North America. Description The wingspan is 46 to 65 mm. The wings are bright orange brown with black borders on both wings. The ...

'' (Edwards, 1885) – Canada Arctic or Macoun's Arctic *'' Oeneis tanana'' (Warren & Nakahara 2016) The ''tarpeja'' species group: *'' Oeneis diluta'' (Lukhtanov, 1994) *''

Oeneis lederi ''Oeneis'' (the Arctics or graylings) is a butterfly genus of the Satyrinae. All but one of its members are Arctic, sub-Arctic or high-altitude alpine in distribution. Some of the members of the genus are among the butterflies that can get along ...

'' (Alphéraky, 1897) *'' Oeneis mongolica'' (Oberthür, 1876) *''

Oeneis sculda ''Oeneis'' (the Arctics or graylings) is a butterfly genus of the Satyrinae. All but one of its members are Arctic, sub-Arctic or high-altitude alpine in distribution. Some of the members of the genus are among the butterflies that can get along ...

'' (Eversmann, 1851) *'' Oeneis tarpeja'' (Pallas, 1771) *''

Oeneis uhleri ''Oeneis uhleri'', or Uhler's Arctic, is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. The larvae feed on various grasses and sedges, including ''Festuca'', ''Koeleria'' and ''Poa'' species. Fourth-instar An instar (, from the Latin '' īn ...

'' (Reakirt, 1866) – Uhler's Arctic *'' Oeneis urda'' (Eversmann, 1847) The ''buddha'' species group: *'' Oeneis buddha'' (Grum-Grshimailo, 1891) *'' Oeneis oeno'' (Boisduval, 1832)

References

External links

Images representing ''Oeneis''
at Consortium for the Barcode of Life Satyrini Butterflies of Europe Insects of the Arctic Butterfly genera Taxa named by Jacob Hübner {{Satyrini-stub