''Oeneis'' (the Arctics or graylings) is a butterfly genus of the Satyrinae. All but one of its members are

Arctic The Arctic ( or ) is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), Danish Realm (Greenland), Finland, Iceland, N ...

sub-Arctic The subarctic zone is a region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic, north of humid continental regions and covering much of Alaska, Canada, Iceland, the north of Scandinavia, Siberia, and the Cairngorms. Generally, ...

or high-altitude

alpine Alpine may refer to any mountainous region. It may also refer to: Places Europe * Alps, a European mountain range ** Alpine states, which overlap with the European range Australia * Alpine, New South Wales, a Northern Village * Alpine National Pa ...

in distribution. Some of the members of the genus are among the butterflies that can get along in the harshest climates of any butterflies. Four species in Europe, more are found in Arctic

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...

Siberia Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive region, geographical region, constituting all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has been a ...

Mongolia Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, ...

, Arctic North America and the

Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, also known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range and the largest mountain system in North America. The Rocky Mountains stretch in straight-line distance from the northernmost part of western Canada, to New Mexico ...

. Curiously, there are no observations from

Greenland Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland i ...

. The development of most species takes two years.

Species

Listed alphabetically within groups: The ''jutta'' species group: *'' Oeneis fulla'' (Eversmann, 1851) *'' Oeneis jutta'' (Hübner, 1805–1806) – Baltic grayling or Jutta Arctic *'' Oeneis magna'' (Graeser, 1888) *''

Oeneis melissa ''Oeneis melissa'', the Melissa Arctic, is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. The wingspan is 42–51 mm. The larvae feed on various sedges, including '' Carex bigelowii'' and '' Carex rupestris''. Subspecies *''Oeneis mel ...

'' (Fabricius, 1775) – Melissa Arctic *'' Oeneis tunga'' (Staudinger, 1894) The ''norna'' species group: *'' Oeneis actaeoides'' (Lukhtanov, 1989) *'' Oeneis glacialis'' (Moll, 1785) – Alpine grayling *''

Oeneis norna ''Oeneis norna'', the Norse grayling, is a species of butterfly in subfamily Satyrinae, that occurs throughout Scandinavia and the northern Palearctic. Description It is extremely variable and the smaller, lighter ''O. norna'' often resemble ...

'' (Thunberg, 1791) – Norse grayling *'' Oeneis philipi'' (Troubridge, 1988) *'' Oeneis polixenes'' (Fabricius, 1775) – Polixenes Arctic *''

Oeneis rosovi ''Oeneis rosovi'', the Philip's ArcticPhilip's Arctic
Bu ...

'' (Kurentzov 1960) – Philip's Arctic The ''alpina'' species group: *'' Oeneis alpina'' (Kurentzov, 1970) – sentinel ArcticSentinel Arctic
Butterflies of Canada The ''hora'' species group: *'' Oeneis aktashi'' (Lukhtanov, 1984) *''

Oeneis ammosovi ''Oeneis'' (the Arctics or graylings) is a butterfly genus of the Satyrinae. All but one of its members are Arctic, sub-Arctic or high-altitude alpine in distribution. Some of the members of the genus are among the butterflies that can get along ...

'' (Dubatov & Korshunov, 1988) *''

Oeneis elwesi ''Oeneis elwesi'' is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found south of the Altai and Sayan Mountains and Mongolia. Adults are on wing from May to June. Subspecies *''Oeneis elwesi elwesi'' (Altai, western Tuva) *''Oeneis elwesi tannu ...

'' (Staudinger, 1901) *''

Oeneis hora ''Oeneis'' (the Arctics or graylings) is a butterfly genus of the Satyrinae. All but one of its members are Arctic, sub-Arctic or high-altitude alpine in distribution. Some of the members of the genus are among the butterflies that can get along ...

'' (Grum-Grshimailo, 1888) *''

Oeneis mulla ''Oeneis'' (the Arctics or graylings) is a butterfly genus of the Satyrinae. All but one of its members are Arctic, sub-Arctic or high-altitude alpine in distribution. Some of the members of the genus are among the butterflies that can get along ...

'' (Staudinger, 1881) The ''bore'' species group: *''

Oeneis alberta ''Oeneis alberta'', the Alberta Arctic, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found from the Canadian prairie provinces east to southern Manitoba. Isolated populations are found along the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, New Mexico and Ariz ...

'' (Elwes, 1893) – Alberta Arctic *''

Oeneis ammon ''Oeneis'' (the Arctics or graylings) is a butterfly genus of the Satyrinae. All but one of its members are Arctic, sub-Arctic or high-altitude alpine in distribution. Some of the members of the genus are among the butterflies that can get along ...

'' (Elwes, 1899) *''

Oeneis bore ''Oeneis bore'', the white-veined Arctic or Arctic grayling, is a butterfly, a species of Satyrinae that occurs in North America and Asia. Description The wingspan is 37 to 49 mm. The dorsal view is a dull greyish brown while the females ...

'' (Schneider, 1792) – Arctic grayling or white-veined Arctic *''

Oeneis chryxus ''Oeneis chryxus'', the chryxus Arctic or brown Arctic, is a butterfly of subfamily Satyrinae found in the far northwest regions of Canada and the United States. The brown Arctic has highly variable colorings, which tend toward light yellow to o ...

'' (Doubleday, 1849) – brown Arctic or chryxus Arctic *'' Oeneis ivallda'' (Mead, 1878) – California Arctic *'' Oeneis nevadensis'' (C. & R. Felder, 1866) – great Arctic *'' Oeneis macounii'' (Edwards, 1885) – Canada Arctic or Macoun's Arctic *'' Oeneis tanana'' (Warren & Nakahara 2016) The ''tarpeja'' species group: *'' Oeneis diluta'' (Lukhtanov, 1994) *''

Oeneis lederi ''Oeneis'' (the Arctics or graylings) is a butterfly genus of the Satyrinae. All but one of its members are Arctic, sub-Arctic or high-altitude alpine in distribution. Some of the members of the genus are among the butterflies that can get along ...

'' (Alphéraky, 1897) *'' Oeneis mongolica'' (Oberthür, 1876) *'' Oeneis sculda'' (Eversmann, 1851) *'' Oeneis tarpeja'' (Pallas, 1771) *'' Oeneis uhleri'' (Reakirt, 1866) – Uhler's Arctic *'' Oeneis urda'' (Eversmann, 1847) The ''buddha'' species group: *'' Oeneis buddha'' (Grum-Grshimailo, 1891) *'' Oeneis oeno'' (Boisduval, 1832)

References

External links

Images representing ''Oeneis''
at

Consortium for the Barcode of Life The Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) was an international initiative dedicated to supporting the development of DNA barcoding as a global standard for species identification. CBOL's Secretariat Office is hosted by the National Museum of ...

Satyrini Butterflies of Europe Insects of the Arctic Butterfly genera Taxa named by Jacob Hübner {{Satyrini-stub