The Capreolinae, Odocoileinae, or the New World deer are a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

deer Deer or true deer are hoofed ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. The two main groups of deer are the Cervinae, including the muntjac, the elk (wapiti), the red deer, and the fallow deer; and the Capreolinae, including the reindeer ...

. Alternatively, they are known as the telemetacarpal deer, due to their bone structure being different from the plesiometacarpal deer subfamily

Cervinae The Cervinae or the Old World deer, are a subfamily of deer. Alternatively, they are known as the plesiometacarpal deer, due to their ankle structure being different from the telemetacarpal deer of the Capreolinae. Classification and species The ...

. The telemetacarpal deer maintain their distal lateral metacarpals, while the plesiometacarpal deer maintain only their proximal lateral metacarpals. The Capreolinae are believed to have originated in the Middle

Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen ...

, between 7.7 and 11.5 million years ago, in

Central Asia Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a subregion, region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes t ...

. Although this subfamily is called New World deer in English, it includes

reindeer Reindeer (in North American English, known as caribou if wild and ''reindeer'' if domesticated) are deer in the genus ''Rangifer''. For the last few decades, reindeer were assigned to one species, ''Rangifer tarandus'', with about 10 subspe ...

moose The moose (in North America) or elk (in Eurasia) (''Alces alces'') is a member of the New World deer subfamily and is the only species in the genus ''Alces''. It is the largest and heaviest extant species in the deer family. Most adult mal ...

, and

roe deer The roe deer (''Capreolus capreolus''), also known as the roe, western roe deer, or European roe, is a species of deer. The male of the species is sometimes referred to as a roebuck. The roe is a small deer, reddish and grey-brown, and well-adapt ...

, all of which live in Eurasia in the Old World.

Classification

The following extant genera and species are recognized:Alvarez D. (2007) * Tribe

Capreolini Capreolini is a tribe of deer, containing two extant genera and one extinct genus. Genera *Extant genera **''Capreolus'' **''Hydropotes'' *Extinct genera **†'' Procapreolus''- Found during the Miocene/Pliocene The Pliocene ( ; also Ple ...

** Genus †'' Procapreolus'' ** Genus ''

Capreolus ''Capreolus'' is a genus of deer, the roe deer. Etymology English ''roe'' is from Old English ''ra'' or ''rá'', from ''raha'', from Proto-Germanic ''*raikhaz'', cognate to Old Norse ''ra'', Old Saxon ''reho'', Middle Dutch and Dutch ''ree'' ...

'' *** Western roe deer (''C. capreolus'') *** Eastern roe deer (''C. pygargus'') **Genus ''

Hydropotes The water deer (''Hydropotes inermis'') is a small deer superficially more similar to a musk deer than a true deer. Native to China and Korea, there are two subspecies: the Chinese water deer (''Hydropotes inermis inermis'') and the Korean water ...

'' *** Water deer (''H. inermis'') * Tribe Alceini **Genus †'' Cervalces'' *** †''C. gallicus?'' *** †'' C. carnutorum'' *** †'' C. scotti'' *** †'' C. latifrons'' **Genus ''

Alces The moose (in North America) or elk (in Eurasia) (''Alces alces'') is a member of the New World deer subfamily and is the only species in the genus ''Alces''. It is the largest and heaviest extant species in the deer family. Most adult male ...

'' *** Moose or Eurasian elk (''A. alces'') * Tribe

Odocoileini Odocoileini is a tribe of deer, containing seven extant genera and several extinct ones. The common character of this tribe is vomerine septum that completely separates the choana. Phylogeny Phylogeny by Gilbert et al. 2006 and Duarte et al. 20 ...

**Genus †'' Pavlodaria'' ** Genus '' Rangifer'' *** Caribou/reindeer (''R. tarandus'') ** Genus ''

Odocoileus ''Odocoileus'' is a genus of medium-sized deer (family Cervidae) containing three species native to the Americas The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North and South Am ...

'' *** Mule deer (''O. hemionus'') ***

White-tailed deer The white-tailed deer (''Odocoileus virginianus''), also known as the whitetail or Virginia deer, is a medium-sized deer native to North America, Central America, and South America as far south as Peru and Bolivia. It has also been introduced t ...

(''O. virginianus'') *** Yucatan brown brocket (''O. pandora'') *** † American mountain deer (''O. lucasi'') ** Genus ''

Blastocerus The marsh deer (''Blastocerus dichotomus'') is the largest deer species from South America reaching a length of and a shoulder height of . It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay. Formerly found in much of tropical ...

'' *** Marsh deer (''B. dichotomus'') ** Genus ''

Hippocamelus ''Hippocamelus'' is a genus of Cervidae, the deer family. It comprises two extant Andean and two fossil species. The living members are commonly known as the huemul (from the Mapuche language), and the taruca. Both species have a stocky, thick, ...

'' ***

Taruca The taruca (''Hippocamelus antisensis''), also known as the Peruvian guemal, north Andean deer, north Andean huemul, northern huemul or northern guemal, is a mid sized deer species that inhabits the high regions of the Andes mountains in South Am ...

(''H. antisensis'') ***

South Andean deer The south Andean deer (''Hippocamelus bisulcus''), also known as the southern guemal, south Andean huemul, southern huemul, or Chilean ''huemul'' or '' güemul'' ( , ), is an endangered species of deer native to the mountains of Argentina and Chi ...

or huemul (''H. bisulcus'') ** Genus '' Mazama'' ***

Gray brocket The gray brocket (''Mazama gouazoubira''), also known as the brown brocket, is a species of brocket deer from northern Argentina, Bolivia, southern Peru, eastern and southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. It formerly included the Amazonian br ...

(''M. gouazoubira'') *** Northern Venezuelan brocket (''M. cita'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. gouazoubira'') *** Ecuador brocket (''M. murelia'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. gouazoubira'') *** Isla San Jose brocket (''M. permira'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. gouazoubira'') *** Colombian brocket (''M. sanctaemartae'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. gouazoubira'') *** Brazilian brocket (''M. superciliaris'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. gouazoubira'') *** Peruvian brocket (''M. tschudii'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. gouazoubira'') *** Rodon (''M. rondoni'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. gouazoubira'') ***

Amazonian brown brocket The Amazonian brown brocket (''Mazama nemorivaga''), also known as the small brown brocket, is a small species of deer that is almost entirely restricted to South America. Distribution and habitat It is known from Panama (in Isla San José of th ...

(''M. nemorivaga'') *** Central American red brocket (''M. temama'') ***

Small red brocket The small red brocket (''Mazama bororo'') is a small species of deer in the family Cervidae. It is endemic to Atlantic Forest in Paraná, Santa Catarina and São Paulo in southeastern Brazil. This species, which only was scientifically describe ...

or bororo (''M. bororo'') ***

Dwarf brocket The dwarf brocket (''Mazama chunyi''), or chunyi, is a small species of deer native to the Andean highlands in western Bolivia and southeastern Peru, where it is found in forest and páramo. Its pelage is reddish-brown with dark grey foreparts an ...

(''M. chunyi'') *** Pygmy brocket (''M. nana'') *** Merida brocket (''M. bricenii'') ***

Little red brocket The little red brocket or swamp brocket (''Mazama rufina''), also known as the Ecuador red brocket, is a small, little-studied deer native to the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador and northern Peru, where found in forest and páramo at altitudes betwee ...

(''M. rufina'') *** American red brocket (''M. americana'') (This species has found to be closer to ''

'' than other brockets.) *** Ecuador red brocket (''Mazama gualea'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'') *** Brazilian red brocket (''M. jucunda'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'') *** Yucatan brown brocket (''M. pandora'') *** Trinidad red brocket (''M. trinitatis'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'') *** Southern red brocket (''Mazama whitelyi'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'') *** Peruvian red brocket (''Mazama zamora'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'') *** Colombian red brocket (''Mazama zetta'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'') ** Genus ''

Ozotoceros The Pampas deer (''Ozotoceros bezoarticus'') is a species of deer that live in the grasslands of South America at low elevations.Geist, Valerius. Deer of the world their evolution, behaviour, and ecology'. Mechanicsburg, Pa: Stackpole Books, 1998 ...

'' ***

Pampas deer The Pampas deer (''Ozotoceros bezoarticus'') is a species of deer that live in the grasslands of South America at low elevations.Geist, Valerius. Deer of the world their evolution, behaviour, and ecology'. Mechanicsburg, Pa: Stackpole Books, 1998 ...

(''O. bezoarticus'') ** Genus ''

Pudu The pudus (Mapudungun ''püdü'' or ''püdu'', es, pudú, ) are two species of South American deer from the genus ''Pudu'', and are the world's smallest deer. The chevrotains (mouse-deer; Tragulidae) are smaller, but they are not true deer. The ...

'' *** Northern pudu (''P. mephistophiles'') *** Southern pudu (''P. pudu'')

Extinct genera

*†''

Agalmaceros ''Agalmaceros'' is an extinction, extinct genus of deer of the Deer, Cervidae family, that lived in South America during the Pleistocene. The only species currently known is ''A. blicki''. Remains have only been found in Ecuador. It showed a clear ...

'' *†'' Antifer'' *†'' Bretzia'' *†'' Libralces'' (Considered to be a synonym of ''

Cervalces latifrons ''Cervalces latifrons'', the broad-fronted moose, or the giant moose was a giant species of deer that inhabited the holarctic regions of Europe and Asia during the Pleistocene epoch. It is believed to be the largest species of deer that ever exi ...

'') *†'' Morenelaphus'' *†''

Torontoceros ''Torontoceros'' ("horn of Toronto") was an extinct genus of deer, nicknamed the Toronto subway deer. It lived in the Late Pleistocene (around 12,000 - 11,000 years ago) in Ontario while likely being native elsewhere. The sole species is ''T. hy ...

'' *†'' Eocoileus''

References

Deer Taxa named by Joshua Brookes Mammal subfamilies {{eventoedungulate-stub