The ochre-flanked tapaculo (''Eugralla paradoxa'') is a species of
bird
Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweigh ...
in the family
Rhinocryptidae. It is found in south-central
Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...
and adjacent western
Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
.
Taxonomy and systematics
The ochre-flanked tapaculo is the only member of the genus ''Eugralla'' and has no subspecies. It had at one time been assigned to genus ''Triptohinus'' but ''Eugralla'' has priority.
[Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 19 January 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved January 19, 2021]
Description
The ochre-flanked tapaculo is long. Two males weighed and other specimens of unknown sex weighed . The adults' upper parts are dark gray, the underparts as far as the abdomen paler gray, and the abdomen and vent are clay brown. The flanks are tawny brown The juvenile is barred throughout with cinnamon to rufous over dusky gray. Unusual for a tapaculo, it has a "Roman nose" facial profile.[Krabbe, N. and T. S. Schulenberg (2020). Ochre-flanked Tapaculo (Eugralla paradoxa), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.ocftap1.01 retrieved April 26, 2021]
Distribution and habitat
The ochre-flanked tapaculo is a year round resident of south-central Chile (Maule Region
The Maule Region ( es, Región del Maule, ) is one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions. Its capital is Talca. The region derives its name from the Maule River which, running westward from the Andes, bisects the region and spans a ...
to Los Lagos Region
Los Lagos Region ( es, Región de Los Lagos , ''Region of the Lakes'') is one of Chile's 16 regions, which are first order administrative divisions, and comprises four provinces: Chiloé, Llanquihue, Osorno and Palena. The region contains ...
) and the western parts of the adjoining Argentinian provinces of Neuquén
Neuquén (; arn, Nehuenken) is the capital city of the Argentine province of Neuquén and of the Confluencia Department, located in the east of the province. It occupies a strip of land west of the confluence of the Limay and Neuquén rivers w ...
, Río Negro, and Chubut. It is found from sea level to and perhaps higher, where it inhabits dense undergrowth and bamboo in ''Nothofagus
''Nothofagus'', also known as the southern beeches, is a genus of 43 species of trees and shrubs native to the Southern Hemisphere in southern South America (Chile, Argentina) and Australasia (east and southeast Australia, New Zealand, New Gui ...
'' and mature secondary forest.[
]
Behavior
Feeding
The ochre-flanked tapaculo forages in pairs on and near the ground in dense cover. Its primary prey is thought to be arthropod
Arthropods (, (gen. ποδός)) are invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton, a Segmentation (biology), segmented body, and paired jointed appendages. Arthropods form the phylum Arthropoda. They are distinguished by their jointed limbs and Arth ...
s.[
]
Breeding
The ochre-flanked tapaculo is known to "double brood", laying eggs in September and again in November. The nest is a large ball of straw and grass with a side entrance that is usually placed above ground, though sometimes as high as . Nests have been found in thick bushes, small trees, and piles of branches.[
]
Vocalization
The ochre-flanked tapaculo's song is a short series of sharp "check" note
The members of a pair keep in contact with a softer "kek" cal
[
]
Status
The IUCN
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natu ...
has assessed the ochre-flanked tapaculo as being of Least Concern. It has a fairly large range and is common in the southern part of it. It inhabits several protected areas in Chile. However, the population's number is unknown and is believed to be slowly decreasing.[
]
References
External links
Image at ADW
{{Taxonbar, from=Q660287
ochre-flanked tapaculo
The ochre-flanked tapaculo (''Eugralla paradoxa'') is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in south-central Chile and adjacent western Argentina.
Taxonomy and systematics
The ochre-flanked tapaculo is the only member o ...
Birds of Chile
Birds of Argentina
ochre-flanked tapaculo
The ochre-flanked tapaculo (''Eugralla paradoxa'') is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in south-central Chile and adjacent western Argentina.
Taxonomy and systematics
The ochre-flanked tapaculo is the only member o ...
Taxa named by Heinrich von Kittlitz
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Fauna of the Valdivian temperate forests