''Ocenebra erinaceus'',

common name In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often contrast ...

the European sting winkle, is a

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

predatory Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill th ...

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

, a

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

in the family

Muricidae Muricidae is a large and varied taxonomic family of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, commonly known as murex snails or rock snails. With about 1,600 living species, the Muricidae represent almost 10% of the Neogas ...

, the murex and rock snails. Also known as the Oyster Drill, it is a pest in Oyster beds. The name ''Ocenebra erinaceus'' is the accepted name according to the database

World Register of Marine Species The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific specialist ...

(WoRMS), and the name is also accepted as valid by the ICZN (Op. 886)

Description

The size of the shell varies between 8 mm and 65 mm. The shell has four to seven varicose, nodulous, encircled by prominent cord-like, raised ribs. These are alternately smaller, the smaller ones minutely scabrous. The varices are sometimes

frondose Frondosity (from Latin ''frondōsus'' meaning 'leafy') is the property of an organism that normally flourishes with fronds or leaf-like structures. Many frondose organisms are thalloid and lack the organization of tissues into organs, with the ...

, sometimes lamellated, occasionally appressed. Occasionally the larger revolving ribs thickly overlap the varices, forming a succession of elongated nodules The color of the shell is yellowish-brown and whitish within.G.W. Tryon (1880) Manual of Conchology II, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
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Distribution

This marine species occurs in European waters from Norway to the Black Sea; in the Atlantic Ocean off the Azores and Madeira Ocenebra erinaceus torosa 01

Synonyms

* ''Cenebra erinacea'' * ''Murex bicristatus'' Risso, 1826 * ''Murex cinguliferus''

Lamarck Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolog ...

, 1822 * ''Murex duthiersi'' Velain, 1877 * ''Murex erinaceus''

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...

(original combination) ** ''Murex erinaceus'' var. ''amirrus'' de Gregorio, 1885 ** ''Murex erinaceus'' var. benisafiensis Koch in Pallary, 1900 ** ''Murex erinaceus'' var. ''conspersa'' Dautzenberg, 1887 ** ''Murex erinaceus'' var. ''depauperata'' Dautzenberg, 1887 ** ''Murex erinaceus'' var. ''fasciata'' Dautzenberg, 1887 ** ''Murex erinaceus'' var. ''fusca'' Dautzenberg, 1887 ** ''Murex erinaceus'' var. ''major'' Dautzenberg, 1920 ** ''Murex erinaceus'' var. ''mutica'' Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1913 ** ''Murex erinaceus'' var. ''sculpta'' Jeffreys, 1867 ** ''Murex erinaceus'' var. ''thersites'' Coen, 1933 ** ''Murex erinaceus'' var. ''triquetra'' Coen, 1933 ** ''Murex erinaceus'' var. ''venetiana'' de Gregorio in Coen, 1933 ** ''Murex erinaceus'' var. ''viriditincta'' Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1925 * ''Murex hanleyi'' Dautzenberg, 1887 * ''Murex imbricatus'' Chiereghini in Nardo, 1847 * ''Murex labiosus'' Chiereghini in Nardo, 1847 * ''Murex orbignyanu''s Risso, 1826 * ''Murex pirotectus'' de Gregorio, 1885 * ''Murex tarantinus''

, 1822 * ''Murex triquetra'' Risso, 1826 * ''Murex ungulatus'' Chiereghini in Nardo, 1847 ** ''Ocenebra erinaceus elongatus'' Settepassi, 1970 ** ''Ocenebra erinaceus'' var. ''africanus'' Settepassi, 1970 ** ''Ocenebra erinaceus'' var. ''algerianus'' Settepassi, 1970 ** ''Ocenebra erinaceus'' var. ''candida'' Dautzenberg, 1894 ** ''Ocenebra erinaceus'' var. ''carneola'' Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1913 ** ''Ocenebra erinaceus'' var. ''dilatatus'' Settepassi, 1970 **'' Ocenebra erinaceus'' var. ''foliosa'' Monterosato in Coen, 1914 ** ''Ocenebra erinaceus'' var. ''ibericus'' Settepassi, 1970 ** ''Ocenebra erinaceus'' var. ''neglectus'' Settepassi, 1970 ** ''Ocenebra erinaceus'' var. ''pagodulinus'' Settepassi, 1970 ** ''Ocenebra erinaceus'' var. ''producta'' Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1913 ** ''Ocenebra erinaceus'' var. ''solidus'' Settepassi, 1970 ** ''Ocenebra erinaceus'' var. ''squamulosus'' Philippi in Settepassi, 1970 ** ''Ocenebra gibbosus'' var. ''acuminatus'' Settepassi, 1970 ** ''Ocenebra gibbosus'' var. ''compositus'' Settepassi, 1970 ** ''Ocenebra gibbosus'' var. ''elongatus'' Settepassi, 1970 * ''Ocinebra labiosus'' (Chiereghini in Nardo, 1847) ** ''Ocinebra labiosus'' var. ''fasciata'' Coen, 1933 * ''Purpura congener'' Roding, 1798 * ''Purpura senegalla'' Roding, 1798 * ''Tritonalia chicoroides'' Coen, 1947 * ''Tritonalia erinaceus'' (

) ** ''Tritonalia erinaceus'' var. ''clathrata'' Coen, 1947 * ''Tritonalia humilis'' Coen, 1947 * ''Tritonalia lampusiopsis'' Coen, 1947 * ''Tritonalia mercaensis'' Coen, 1947 * ''Tritonalia rejecta'' Monterosato in Coen, 1947 * ''Tritonalia rotunda'' Coen, 1947 * ''Tritonalia ruscuriana'' Monterosato in Coen, 1947

References

* Linné C. von, 1758: Systema Naturae. Editio decima. 1. Regnum Animale Holmiae, Laurentii Salvii iv + 824 p. * Röding P. F., 1798: Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus Cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa. Fried. Bolten M. D. p. d. pars secunda continens Conchylia sive Testacea univalvia, bivalvia et multivalvia pp. VIII + 199 * Lamarck ( .-B. M.de), 1815-1822: ''Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres''; Paris ol. 5: Paris, Deterville/Verdière ol. 6 published by the Author7 vol. molluschi sono compresi nei vol. 5-7. Vol. 5 (Les Conchiferes): 612 pp. [25 luglio 1818 Vol. 6 (1) (Suite): 343 pp. [1819]. Vol. 6 (2) (Suite): 232 pp. [1822]. Vol. 7: (Suite): 711 pp. [1822 * Risso A., 1826-1827: ''Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe Méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes''; Paris, Levrault Vol. 1: XII + 448 + 1 carta

826 Year 826 ( DCCCXXVI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 826th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 826th year of the 1st millennium, the 26th ...

Vol. 2: VII + 482 + 8 pl. (fiori) ovembre 1827 Vol. 3: XVI + 480 + 14 pl. (pesci) ettembre 1827 Vol. 4: IV + 439 + 12 pl. (molluschi) ovembre 1826 Vol. 5: VIII + 400 + 10 pl. (altri invertebrati) ovembre 1827 * Nardo D., 1847: Sinonimia moderna delle specie registrate nell’opera intitolata: Descrizione de’Crostacei, de’Testacei e de’Pesci che abitano le Lagune e Golfo Veneto, rappresentati in figure, a chiaroscuro ed a colori dall’ Abate Stefano Chiereghini Ven. Clodiense applicata per commissione governativa Venezia pp. i-xi, 1-127 * Jeffreys J. G., 1862-1869: ''British Conchology'' ; London, van Voorst Vol. 1: pp. CXIV + 341

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Vol. 5: pp. 259 869 * Dautzenberg P., 1887: ''Une excursion malacologique à Saint-Lunaire (Ille-et-Vilaine) et aux environs de cette localité''; Bulletin de la Société d'études scientifiques de Paris 9(2), 27 pp. * Pallary P., 1900: ''Coquilles marines du littoral du Départment d'Oran''; Journal de Conchyliologie 48 (3): 211-422, pl. 6-8 * Dautzenberg P. & Durouchoux P., 1913-1914: ''Les mollusques de la baie de Saint-Malo''; Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes 43-44 (Suppl.): 1-64, pl. 1-4 * Coen G., 1943: ''Revisione delle varietà della Tritonalia erinaceus. Monografia sul Murex (Bolinus) brandaris. Nuovi gruppi e specie di gasteropodi. Sul gruppo Pseudofusus Mts. 1884. Sulla Charonia seguenzae.'' ; Acta Pontifica Academia Scientiarum 7(1): 40-41 * Settepassi F., 1970: ''Atlante Malacologico. Molluschi marini viventi nel Mediterraneo, volume I'' ; Museo di Zoologia, Roma

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q1513682 Ocenebra Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Gastropods described in 1758