Salekhard (russian: Салеха́рд;
Khanty
The Khanty (Khanty: ханти, ''hanti''), also known in older literature as Ostyaks (russian: остяки) are a Ugric indigenous people, living in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, a region historically known as "Yugra" in Russia, together ...
: , ''Pułñawat''; yrk, Саляʼ харад, ''Saljaꜧ harad'') is a town in
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YaNAO; russian: Яма́ло-Не́нецкий автоно́мный о́круг (ЯНАО), ; yrk, Ямалы-Ненёцие автономной ӈокрук, ) or Yamalia (russian: Ямалия) is a fed ...
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
, serving as the okrug's
administrative centre
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.
In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
. It crosses the
Arctic Circle
The Arctic Circle is one of the two polar circles, and the most northerly of the five major circles of latitude as shown on maps of Earth. Its southern equivalent is the Antarctic Circle.
The Arctic Circle marks the southernmost latitude at w ...
, the main parts being about south and suburbs stretching to the north of the circle.
History
The settlement of Obdorsk () was founded in 1595, in the place of a
Khanty
The Khanty (Khanty: ханти, ''hanti''), also known in older literature as Ostyaks (russian: остяки) are a Ugric indigenous people, living in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, a region historically known as "Yugra" in Russia, together ...
settlement called Polnovat-Vozh (), by Russian settlers after the conquest of
Siberia
Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive geographical region, constituting all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has been a part of ...
. It was situated on the
Ob River
}
The Ob ( rus, Обь, p=opʲ: Ob') is a major river in Russia. It is in western Siberia; and together with Irtysh forms the world's List of rivers by length, seventh-longest river system, at . It forms at the confluence of the Biya (river), Biya ...
, and its name supposedly derives from that. The land around Obdorsk was referred to as Obdorsky
krai
A krai or kray (; russian: край, , ''kraya'') is one of the types of federal subjects of modern Russia, and was a type of geographical administrative division in the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR.
Etymologically, the word is relate ...
, or Obdoriya.
The town was often used as a place of exile during the Tsarist and Soviet periods. Among notable people who spent time here were the
Doukhobor
The Doukhobours or Dukhobors (russian: духоборы / духоборцы, dukhobory / dukhobortsy; ) are a Spiritual Christian ethnoreligious group of Russian origin. They are one of many non-Orthodox ethno-confessional faiths in Russia a ...
spiritual leader
Pyotr Verigin and
Leon Trotsky
Lev Davidovich Bronstein. ( – 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky; uk, link= no, Лев Давидович Троцький; also transliterated ''Lyev'', ''Trotski'', ''Trotskij'', ''Trockij'' and ''Trotzky''. (), was a Russian ...
. The town and nearby area contained three Soviet camps where approximately 6,500 prisoners were held, arrested for their belief in God. At the port of Salekhard, approximately 1,500 prisoners loaded and unloaded goods at the dock, or mined metal ores. About 5,000 prisoners in two camps near Salekhard were assigned to polish diamonds mined from
Mir mine
The Mir mine (russian: кимберлитовая алмазная трубка «Мир» ''kimberlitovaya almaznaya trubka "Mir"''; English: kimberlite diamond pipe "Peace"), also called the Mirny mine, is an open pit diamond mine located in ...
.
The nearest railway station is at
Labytnangi
Labytnangi (russian: Лабытна́нги; from Khanty: ; lit. ''seven larches''; Nenets: Лабытнаӈгы. ''Labytnaŋgy'') is a town in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the left bank of the Ob River, northwest of Salek ...
on the opposite side of the river Ob. From 1949 to 1953, the
Salekhard-Igarka Railway project made an unsuccessful attempt to extend the line to
Igarka
Igarka (russian: Ига́рка) is a town in Turukhansky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located north of the Arctic Circle. Igarka is a monotown established around a sawmill which processed timber logged in the basin of the Yenisei River ...
, claiming the lives of thousands of
Gulag
The Gulag, an acronym for , , "chief administration of the camps". The original name given to the system of camps controlled by the GPU was the Main Administration of Corrective Labor Camps (, )., name=, group= was the government agency in ...
prisoners.
The section of railway from Salekhard to
Nadym
Nadym (russian: Нады́м, Selkup: Ня́рэм, Nấrém) is a town in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the river Nadym. The population has fluctuated:
Etymology
There are three several translations from the Nenets langu ...
was completed and remained in use for some time in the Soviet era, although it was later abandoned. It is currently being rebuilt, along with a long-awaited bridge across the Ob between Labytnangi and Salekhard.
Salekhard was the host city for the 2006
Arctic Council
The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum that addresses issues faced by the Arctic governments and the indigenous people of the Arctic. At present, eight countries exercise sovereignty over the lands within the Arctic Circle, ...
Ministerial Meeting in October 2006.
In April 2014,
Rostelecom
Rostelecom is Russia’s largest provider of digital services for a wide variety of consumers, households, private businesses, government and municipal authorities, and other telecom providers.
Rostelecom interconnects all local public operators ...
, a Russian
Internet service provider
An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, or participating in the Internet. ISPs can be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise private ...
, completed the final stretch of the
Nadym
Nadym (russian: Нады́м, Selkup: Ня́рэм, Nấrém) is a town in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the river Nadym. The population has fluctuated:
Etymology
There are three several translations from the Nenets langu ...
-Salekhard optical Internet line. That same line stretches for almost .
In summer 2016, after temperatures as high as thawed
anthrax
Anthrax is an infection caused by the bacterium ''Bacillus anthracis''. It can occur in four forms: skin, lungs, intestinal, and injection. Symptom onset occurs between one day and more than two months after the infection is contracted. The sk ...
infected corpses frozen since 1941 near Salekhard, anthrax spores infected reindeer herds and herders.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the
framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with one
rural locality
In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry typically are describ ...
, incorporated as the
town of okrug significance of Salekhard—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the
districts
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
.
[Law #42-ZAO] As a
municipal division, the town of okrug significance of Salekhard is incorporated as Salekhard Urban Okrug.
[Law #26-ZAO]
Demographics
Ethnic composition (2010):
*
Russians
, native_name_lang = ru
, image =
, caption =
, population =
, popplace =
118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 ''Winkler Prins'' estimate)
, region1 =
, pop1 ...
– 65%
*
Tatars
The Tatars ()[Tatar]
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different – 9%
*
Ukrainians
Ukrainians ( uk, Українці, Ukraintsi, ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine. They are the seventh-largest nation in Europe. The native language of the Ukrainians is Ukrainian language, Ukrainian. The majority ...
– 6.2%
*
Khanty
The Khanty (Khanty: ханти, ''hanti''), also known in older literature as Ostyaks (russian: остяки) are a Ugric indigenous people, living in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, a region historically known as "Yugra" in Russia, together ...
– 3.3%
*
Nenets – 3%
*
Komi – 2.7%
*
Kyrgyz Kyrgyz, Kirghiz or Kyrgyzstani may refer to:
* Someone or something related to Kyrgyzstan
*Kyrgyz people
*Kyrgyz national games
*Kyrgyz language
*Kyrgyz culture
*Kyrgyz cuisine
*Yenisei Kirghiz
*The Fuyü Gïrgïs language in Northeastern China
...
– 1%
* Others – 9.8%
Economy
Супермаркет_«Стерх»,_Салехард_-_panoramio.jpg, Sterh Supermarket
Building_under_construction_of_the_representative_office_of_PAO_Gazprom_in_Salekhard_(1).jpg, Building of the representative office of Gazprom
PJSC Gazprom ( rus, Газпром, , ɡɐzˈprom) is a Russian majority state-owned multinational energy corporation headquartered in the Lakhta Center in Saint Petersburg. As of 2019, with sales over $120 billion, it was ranked as the larges ...
Рынок_«Дары_Ямала»,_Салехард_-_panoramio.jpg, Gifts of Yamal Supermarket
Headquarters_of_"Yamalneftegaz".jpg, Headquarters of Yamalneftegaz
Shopping_center_"Sezam"_at_Yamalskaya_Street_(3).jpg, Sezam Shopping center
Yamal_Airlines_Headquarters.jpg, Yamal Airlines
Yamal Airlines (Russian: ОАО "Авиационная транспортная компания "Ямал", ''OAO Aviacionnaja transportnaja kompania "Yamal"'') is an airline based in Salekhard, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It opera ...
Headquarters
Нефтебаза._Салехард_-_panoramio.jpg, Oil depot
Рыболовно-охотничий_магазин_«Сармик»._Салехард_-_panoramio.jpg, Sarmik Fishing and hunting shop
Yamal Airlines
Yamal Airlines (Russian: ОАО "Авиационная транспортная компания "Ямал", ''OAO Aviacionnaja transportnaja kompania "Yamal"'') is an airline based in Salekhard, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It opera ...
has its head office in Salekhard. Most of residents are employed in reindeer herding, fishing and the services sector.
By 2015, about from the airport, near the
Arctic circle
The Arctic Circle is one of the two polar circles, and the most northerly of the five major circles of latitude as shown on maps of Earth. Its southern equivalent is the Antarctic Circle.
The Arctic Circle marks the southernmost latitude at w ...
, authorities plan to build a large polar resort "Center of the Arctic tourism."
Transportation
Salekhard is located in the Ob river valley and is an important river port of the
Russian Far North
The Extreme North or Far North (russian: Крайний Север, Дальний Север) is a large part of Russia located mainly north of the Arctic Circle and boasting enormous mineral and natural resources. Its total area is about , ...
. The unfinished
Salekhard–Igarka Railway
The broad gauge Salekhard–Igarka Railway, ( ''Transpolyarnaya Magistral'', i.e. 'Transpolar Mainline') also referred to variously as ''Dead Road (')'', and ''Stalinbahn'', is an incomplete railway in northern Siberia. The railway was a project ...
was set to provide a rail connection between the
Ob river
}
The Ob ( rus, Обь, p=opʲ: Ob') is a major river in Russia. It is in western Siberia; and together with Irtysh forms the world's List of rivers by length, seventh-longest river system, at . It forms at the confluence of the Biya (river), Biya ...
port of Salekhard and the
Yenisei river
The Yenisey (russian: Енисе́й, ''Yeniséy''; mn, Горлог мөрөн, ''Gorlog mörön''; Buryat: Горлог мүрэн, ''Gorlog müren''; Tuvan: Улуг-Хем, ''Uluğ-Hem''; Khakas: Ким суғ, ''Kim suğ''; Ket: Ӄук ...
port of
Igarka
Igarka (russian: Ига́рка) is a town in Turukhansky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located north of the Arctic Circle. Igarka is a monotown established around a sawmill which processed timber logged in the basin of the Yenisei River ...
. Currently, the nearest railway is at
Labytnangi
Labytnangi (russian: Лабытна́нги; from Khanty: ; lit. ''seven larches''; Nenets: Лабытнаӈгы. ''Labytnaŋgy'') is a town in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the left bank of the Ob River, northwest of Salek ...
(on the
Salekhard–Igarka Railway
The broad gauge Salekhard–Igarka Railway, ( ''Transpolyarnaya Magistral'', i.e. 'Transpolar Mainline') also referred to variously as ''Dead Road (')'', and ''Stalinbahn'', is an incomplete railway in northern Siberia. The railway was a project ...
), northwest on the opposite side of the river Ob. The project
Northern Latitudinal Railway will provide Salekhard access to Russian railway and will further connect Salekhard to the
Konosha
Konosha (russian: Коноша) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Konoshsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Konosha River, south of Arkhangelsk. It also serves as the administr ...
-
Vorkuta
Vorkuta (russian: Воркута́; kv, Вӧркута, ''Vörkuta''; Nenets for "the abundance of bears", "bear corner") is a coal-mining town in the Komi Republic, Russia, situated just north of the Arctic Circle in the Pechora coal basin at ...
railway and other parts of
European Russia
European Russia (russian: Европейская Россия, russian: европейская часть России, label=none) is the western and most populated part of Russia. It is geographically situated in Europe, as opposed to the cou ...
. the
Salekhard Bridge project, the combined railway-road bridge over
Ob river
}
The Ob ( rus, Обь, p=opʲ: Ob') is a major river in Russia. It is in western Siberia; and together with Irtysh forms the world's List of rivers by length, seventh-longest river system, at . It forms at the confluence of the Biya (river), Biya ...
, is the main component of
Northern Latitudinal Railway that connect
Labytnangi
Labytnangi (russian: Лабытна́нги; from Khanty: ; lit. ''seven larches''; Nenets: Лабытнаӈгы. ''Labytnaŋgy'') is a town in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the left bank of the Ob River, northwest of Salek ...
and Salekhard is to be constructed with cost of 60 billion rubles. Nadym-Salekhard road, a 344 km long road, has been inaugurated since December 2020 to the 90th anniversary of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug,which facilate the construction and railway between two cities and Connects East & West part of Yamal. For 9–10 months each year, the Ob river is frozen and cars and trucks can cross via the river ice. In the summer a ferry operates, however during the floating of ice, generally shortly before the start and shortly after the end of summer, Salekhard is effectively isolated from the outside world, regarding freight. During these periods, only helicopters are able to reach Salekhard in case of emergency. Native people, mainly the
Nenets and
Khanty
The Khanty (Khanty: ханти, ''hanti''), also known in older literature as Ostyaks (russian: остяки) are a Ugric indigenous people, living in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, a region historically known as "Yugra" in Russia, together ...
people, always build up stocks of food at home, in the shops, and in the markets during this period, but they still suffer from seasonal inflation.
[2010/2011 visitor Любовь] The city is also served by the
Salekhard Airport
Salekhard Airport is an airport in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia located north of Salekhard. It is a civilian airfield, handling medium-sized aircraft. It is also a designated emergency airfield for commercial airliner cross-polar rout ...
, which is north of the main city.
Салехард._Паром_через_Обь_-_panoramio.jpg, Ferry across the Ob river
}
The Ob ( rus, Обь, p=opʲ: Ob') is a major river in Russia. It is in western Siberia; and together with Irtysh forms the world's List of rivers by length, seventh-longest river system, at . It forms at the confluence of the Biya (river), Biya ...
Салехард, аэропорт - panoramio.jpg, Salekhard Airport
Salekhard Airport is an airport in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia located north of Salekhard. It is a civilian airfield, handling medium-sized aircraft. It is also a designated emergency airfield for commercial airliner cross-polar rout ...
Salehardobriver.jpg, Salekhard port on Ob river
}
The Ob ( rus, Обь, p=opʲ: Ob') is a major river in Russia. It is in western Siberia; and together with Irtysh forms the world's List of rivers by length, seventh-longest river system, at . It forms at the confluence of the Biya (river), Biya ...
Brodneva Street (03).jpg, Bus transport
Паромная переправа. Салехард - panoramio.jpg, Ferry service station
Мост_«Факел»,_Салехард_-_panoramio.jpg, Fakel(Torch) Bridge over Poluy
The Poluy (russian: Полуй) is a river in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia, a right tributary of the Ob. It is long, with a drainage basin of . It flows into the Ob near the city Salekhard.subarctic climate
The subarctic climate (also called subpolar climate, or boreal climate) is a climate with long, cold (often very cold) winters, and short, warm to cool summers. It is found on large landmasses, often away from the moderating effects of an ocean, ge ...
(Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...
''Dfc'') with short, mild summers and severely cold winters. Precipitation is moderate, and is significantly greater in summer than in winter.
Gallery
Salekhard_-_Mammoth.JPG, Mammoth
A mammoth is any species of the extinct elephantid genus ''Mammuthus'', one of the many genera that make up the order of trunked mammals called proboscideans. The various species of mammoth were commonly equipped with long, curved tusks and, ...
monument in Salekhard
Salekhard_-_Mammoth_2.JPG, Mammoth
A mammoth is any species of the extinct elephantid genus ''Mammuthus'', one of the many genera that make up the order of trunked mammals called proboscideans. The various species of mammoth were commonly equipped with long, curved tusks and, ...
monument in Salekhard
Памятник северному оленю. Салехард - panoramio.jpg, reindeer
Reindeer (in North American English, known as caribou if wild and ''reindeer'' if domesticated) are deer in the genus ''Rangifer''. For the last few decades, reindeer were assigned to one species, ''Rangifer tarandus'', with about 10 subspe ...
monument in Salekhard
Мечеть, Салехард - panoramio.jpg, Mosque
A mosque (; from ar, مَسْجِد, masjid, ; literally "place of ritual prostration"), also called masjid, is a place of prayer for Muslims. Mosques are usually covered buildings, but can be any place where prayers ( sujud) are performed, ...
in Salekhard
Ледовый дворец .Салехард - panoramio.jpg, Ice Palace of Salekhard
Памятник К.И.Миронову, Салехард - panoramio.jpg, Monument to K.I. Mironov
Храм святых Петра и Павла, Салехард, ул. Свердлова, 6 - panoramio.jpg, Church of Saints Peter and Paul
Развлекательный центр «Полярис», Салехард - panoramio.jpg, "Polyaris" Entertainment center
Дворец бракосочетания, Салехард, ул. Некрасова, 4 - panoramio.jpg, Wedding Palace
North Outskirts of Salekhard (02).jpg, North Outskirts of Salekhard
Город Мастеров, Салехард - panoramio.jpg, City Masters
Гостиница «Арктика»,Салехард, ул. Республики, 38 - panoramio.jpg, Arctic Hotel
Спортивный комплекс «Студенческий». Салехард - panoramio.jpg, Student Sports complex .
International Relation
Twin Town & Sister City
Salekhard is twinned with:
*Azov
Azov (russian: Азов), previously known as Azak,
is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia, situated on the Don River just from the Sea of Azov, which derives its name from the town. Population:
History
Early settlements in the vicinity
The mo ...
, Rostov Oblast
Rostov Oblast ( rus, Росто́вская о́бласть, r=Rostovskaya oblast, p=rɐˈstofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the Southern Federal District. The oblast has an area of and a populati ...
, Russia
See also
*
References
Notes
Sources
*
*
External links
Official website of Salekhard
*Official website of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Information about Salekhard
{{Authority control
Populated places established in 1595
Populated places of Arctic Russia
Populated places on the Ob River