Cloacal exstrophy (EC) is a severe
birth defect wherein much of the abdominal organs (the
bladder and
intestines) are exposed. It often causes the splitting of the bladder,
genitalia, and the
anus
The anus (Latin, 'ring' or 'circle') is an opening at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to control the expulsion of feces, the residual semi-solid waste that remains after food digestion, which, d ...
. It is sometimes called OEIS complex.
Diagnostic tests can include ultrasound,
voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG),
intravenous pyelogram (IVP), nuclear renogram, computerized axial tomography (
CT scan
A computed tomography scan (CT scan; formerly called computed axial tomography scan or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique used to obtain detailed internal images of the body. The personnel that perform CT scans are called radiographers ...
), and
magnetic resonance imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio wave ...
(MRI). Cloacal exstrophy is a rare birth defect, present in 1/200,000 pregnancies and 1/400,000 live births. It is associated with a defect of the
ventral body wall and can be caused by inhibited
mesoderm
The mesoderm is the middle layer of the three germ layers that develops during gastrulation in the very early development of the embryo of most animals. The outer layer is the ectoderm, and the inner layer is the endoderm.Langman's Medical E ...
al migration. The defect can often be comorbid with
spinal bifida and kidney abnormalities.
See also
*
Bladder exstrophy
References
External links
{{Medical resources
, DiseasesDB =
, ICD10 = {{ICD10, Q, 64, 1
, ICD9 =
, ICDO =
, OMIM = 258040
, MedlinePlus =
, MeSH =
, GeneReviewsNBK =
, GeneReviewsName =
, Orphanet = 93929
Congenital disorders of urinary system
Rare diseases
Intersex variations