O-M175
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Haplogroup O, also known as O-M175, is a
human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non- recombining portions of DNA from the male-specific Y chromosome (called Y-DNA). Many people within a haplogroup share similar numbers of ...
. It is primarily found among populations in
Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainlan ...
and
East Asia East Asia is the eastern region of Asia, which is defined in both Geography, geographical and culture, ethno-cultural terms. The modern State (polity), states of East Asia include China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. ...
. It also is found in various percentages of populations of the
Russian Far East The Russian Far East (russian: Дальний Восток России, r=Dal'niy Vostok Rossii, p=ˈdalʲnʲɪj vɐˈstok rɐˈsʲiɪ) is a region in Northeast Asia. It is the easternmost part of Russia and the Asian continent; and is admin ...
,
South Asia South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical Geography (from Greek: , ''geographia''. Combination of Greek words ‘Geo’ (The Earth) and ‘Graphien’ (to describe), literally "earth descr ...
,
Central Asia Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a subregion, region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes t ...
,
Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia (country), Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range ...
,
Crimea Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a pop ...
,
Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
,
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
,
Oceania Oceania (, , ) is a geographical region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern and Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of and a population of around 44.5 million ...
,
Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...
and the Comoros. Haplogroup O is a primary descendant of haplogroup NO-M214. The O-M175 haplogroup is very common amongst males from China,
Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic o ...
, and
Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainlan ...
. It has two primary branches: O1 (O-F265) and O2 (O-M122). O1 is found at high frequencies amongst males native to
Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainlan ...
,
Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
, Japan, the
Korean Peninsula Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic o ...
,
Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...
and some populations in
southern China South China () is a geographical and cultural region that covers the southernmost part of China. Its precise meaning varies with context. A notable feature of South China in comparison to the rest of China is that most of its citizens are not n ...
and Austroasiatic speakers of
India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
. It is high in the Melanesian populations of the
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands is an island country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania, to the east of Papua New Guinea and north-west of Vanuatu. It has a land area of , and a population of approx. 700,000. Its capit ...
and
Moluccas The Maluku Islands (; Indonesian: ''Kepulauan Maluku'') or the Moluccas () are an archipelago in the east of Indonesia. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. Geographically they are located ...
, and shows significant to high frequencies in some populations of
Papuans The indigenous peoples of West Papua in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, commonly called Papuans, are Melanesians. There is genetic evidence for two major historical lineages in New Guinea and neighboring islands: a first wave from the Malay Arch ...
and
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i ...
. O2 is found at high levels amongst
Han Chinese The Han Chinese () or Han people (), are an East Asian ethnic group native to China. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 18% of the global population and consisting of various subgroups speaking distinctiv ...
,
Tibeto-Burman The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non- Sinitic members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia. Around 60 million people spea ...
populations (including many of those in
Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the C ...
,
Tibet Tibet (; ''Böd''; ) is a region in East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are some other ethnic groups such as Monpa, Taman ...
,
Burma Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explai ...
,
Northeast India , native_name_lang = mni , settlement_type = , image_skyline = , image_alt = , image_caption = , motto = , image_map = Northeast india.png , ...
, and
Nepal Nepal (; ne, :ne:नेपाल, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in S ...
), Manchu,
Mongolians The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal member of ...
,
Koreans Koreans ( South Korean: , , North Korean: , ; see names of Korea) are an East Asian ethnic group native to the Korean Peninsula. Koreans mainly live in the two Korean nation states: North Korea and South Korea (collectively and simply re ...
,
Vietnamese Vietnamese may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Vietnam, a country in Southeast Asia ** A citizen of Vietnam. See Demographics of Vietnam. * Vietnamese people, or Kinh people, a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to Vietnam ** Overse ...
, Malays, Indonesians,
Filipinos Filipinos ( tl, Mga Pilipino) are the people who are citizens of or native to the Philippines. The majority of Filipinos today come from various Austronesian ethnolinguistic groups, all typically speaking either Filipino, English and/or othe ...
, Thais, Polynesians, East Timorese,
Brunei Brunei ( , ), formally Brunei Darussalam ( ms, Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi: , ), is a country located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its South China Sea coast, it is completely surrounded by t ...
an, Miao people,
Hmong Hmong may refer to: * Hmong people, an ethnic group living mainly in Southwest China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand * Hmong cuisine * Hmong customs and culture ** Hmong music ** Hmong textile art * Hmong language, a continuum of closely related to ...
, the Naiman tribe of Kazakhs in
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ...
, Kazakhs in the southeast of Altai Republic, and Kazakhs in the Ili area of Xinjiang.


Origins

Haplogroup O-M175 is a descendant haplogroup of Haplogroup NO-M214, and first appeared according to different theories either in
Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainlan ...
(see , , , and ) or
East Asia East Asia is the eastern region of Asia, which is defined in both Geography, geographical and culture, ethno-cultural terms. The modern State (polity), states of East Asia include China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. ...
(see ) approximately 40,000 years ago (or between 31,294 and 51,202 years ago according to Karmin ''et al.'' 2015). Haplogroup O-M175 is one of NO-M214's two branches. The other is Haplogroup N, which is common throughout
North Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago an ...
.


Distribution

This haplogroup appears in 80-90% of most populations in
East Asia East Asia is the eastern region of Asia, which is defined in both Geography, geographical and culture, ethno-cultural terms. The modern State (polity), states of East Asia include China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. ...
and
Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainlan ...
, and it is almost exclusive to that region: M175 is almost nonexistent in Western
Siberia Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive region, geographical region, constituting all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has been a ...
,
Western Asia Western Asia, West Asia, or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost subregion of the larger geographical region of Asia, as defined by some academics, UN bodies and other institutions. It is almost entirely a part of the Middle East, and includes Ana ...
,
Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirel ...
, most of
Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
, and the
Americas The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North and South America. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World. Along with th ...
, where its presence may be the result of recent migrations. However, certain subclades of Haplogroup O-M175 do achieve significant frequencies among some populations of
Central Asia Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a subregion, region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes t ...
,
South Asia South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical Geography (from Greek: , ''geographia''. Combination of Greek words ‘Geo’ (The Earth) and ‘Graphien’ (to describe), literally "earth descr ...
, and
Oceania Oceania (, , ) is a geographical region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern and Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of and a population of around 44.5 million ...
. For example, one study found it at a rate of 65.81% among the
Naimans The Naiman ( Mongolian: Найман, Naiman, "eight"; ; Kazakh: Найман, Naiman; Uzbek: Nayman) were a medieval tribe originating in the territory of modern Western Mongolia (possibly during the time of the Uyghur Khaganate), and are one o ...
, a tribe in Kazakhstan, even though the rate among Kazakhs in general is believed to be only about 9% . It has been estimated that 25% of the entire male population of the world carries O-M175. Karafet ''et al.'' (2015) have assigned the Y-DNA of 46.2% (12/26) of a sample of Papuan from Pantar Island to haplogroup NO-M214; considering their location in the Malay Archipelago, all or most of these individuals should belong to haplogroup O-M175. An association with the spread of Austronesian languages in late antiquity is suggested by significant levels of O-M175 among island populations of the South Pacific and
Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by t ...
, including the East African littoral. For example, Haplogroup O-M50 has even been found in Bantu-speaking populations of the Comoros along 6% of O-MSY2.2(xM50), while both O-M50 and O-M95(xM88) occur commonly among the
Malagasy people The Malagasy (french: Malgache) are an Austronesian-speaking African ethnic group native to the island country of Madagascar. Traditionally, the population have been divided by subgroups (tribes or ethnicities). Examples include "Highlander" ...
of
Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...
with a combined frequency of 34%. O-M175 has been found in 28.1% of Solomon Islanders from Melanesia. 12% of
Uyghurs The Uyghurs; ; ; ; zh, s=, t=, p=Wéiwú'ěr, IPA: ( ), alternatively spelled Uighurs, Uygurs or Uigurs, are a Turkic ethnic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the general region of Central and East Asia. The Uyghur ...
, 6.8% of Kalmyks (17.1% of
Khoshuud The Khoshut ( Mongolian: Хошууд,, qoşūd, ; literally "bannermen," from Middle Mongolian ''qosighu'' "flag, banner") are one of the four major tribes of the Oirat people. Originally, Khoshuuds were one of the Khorchin tribes in southeaste ...
, 6.1% of Dörwöd, 3.3% of
Torguud The Torghut ( Mongolian: Торгууд, , Torguud), , "Guardsman" are one of the four major subgroups of the Four Oirats. The Torghut nobles traced its descent to the Keraite ruler Tooril; also many Torghuts descended from the Keraites. Hist ...
, 0% of Buzawa), 6.2% of
Altaians The Altai people ( alt, Алтай-кижи, Altai-kizhi), also the Altaians ( alt, Алтайлар, Altailar), are a Turkic ethnic group of indigenous peoples of Siberia mainly living in the Altai Republic, Russia. Several thousand of the Alta ...
, 4.1% of
Uzbeks The Uzbeks ( uz, , , , ) are a Turkic ethnic group native to the wider Central Asian region, being among the largest Turkic ethnic group in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Kazakh and Karakalpak mino ...
on average but Uzbeks from Bukhara 12.1%,
Karakalpaks The Karakalpaks or Qaraqalpaqs (; kaa, Qaraqalpaqlar, Қарақалпақлар, قاراقلپقلر), are a Turkic ethnic group native to Karakalpakstan in Northwestern Uzbekistan. During the 18th century, they settled in the lower reach ...
(Uzbekistan) 11.4%, Sinte (Uzbekistans) 6.7% and 4.0% of Buryats. In the Caucasus region it has been found in the
Nogais The Nogais ( Nogai: Ногай, , Ногайлар, ) are a Turkic ethnic group who live in the North Caucasus region. Most are found in Northern Dagestan and Stavropol Krai, as well as in Karachay-Cherkessia and Astrakhan Oblast; some als ...
6% but 5.3% in the Karan Nogais, it is also found in the Dargins of Dargwa speakers at 2.9%. In the Iranic population, it is found in
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
ian (Esfahan) at 6.3% (), 8.9% of Tajiks in Afghanistan 4.2% in the
Pathans Pashtuns (, , ; ps, پښتانه, ), also known as Pakhtuns or Pathans, are an Iranian ethnic group who are native to the geographic region of Pashtunistan in the present-day countries of Afghanistan and Pakistan. They were historically re ...
in Pakistan () but 1% in Afghanistan (), 3.1% in Burusho (). Haplogroup O-M175 ranges in various moderate to high frequencies in the ethnic minorities of South Africa. The frequency of this haplogroup is 6.14% in the Cape colored population. 18% in Cape Coloured Muslim, 38% in Cape Indian Muslims and 10% in other Cape Other Muslim. It's found 11.5% in the
Réunion Creole Réunion Creole, or Reunionese Creole ( rcf, kréol rénioné; french: créole réunionnais), is a French-based creole language spoken on Réunion. It is derived mainly from French and includes terms from Malagasy, Hindi, Portuguese, Gujarat ...
. Haplogroup O-M175 had also been found in
Latin America Latin America or * french: Amérique Latine, link=no * ht, Amerik Latin, link=no * pt, América Latina, link=no, name=a, sometimes referred to as LatAm is a large cultural region in the Americas where Romance languages — languages derived f ...
and Caribbean as a result of massive Chinese male migration from the 19th century. It was found in the
Jamaicans Jamaicans are the citizens of Jamaica and their descendants in the Jamaican diaspora. The vast majority of Jamaicans are of Sub-Saharan African descent, with minorities of Europeans, East Indians, Chinese, Middle Eastern, and others of mixed a ...
at 3.8,
Cubans Cubans ( es, Cubanos) are people born in Cuba and people with Cuban citizenship. Cuba is a multi-ethnic nation, home to people of different ethnic, religious and national backgrounds. Racial and ethnic groups Census The population of Cuba wa ...
1.5% Haplogroup O-M175 has been found in 88.7% of Asian American. 1.6% in Hispanic American, White Americans 0.5%, and 0.3% in African American. Another study gives 0.5% African American. Among the sub-branches of haplogroup O-M175 are O-M119(O1a), O-M268(O1b), and O-M122(O2).


O-M175*

A broad survey of Y-chromosome variation among populations of central Eurasia found haplogroup O-M175(xM119,M95,M122) in 31% (14/45) of a sample of
Koreans Koreans ( South Korean: , , North Korean: , ; see names of Korea) are an East Asian ethnic group native to the Korean Peninsula. Koreans mainly live in the two Korean nation states: North Korea and South Korea (collectively and simply re ...
and in smaller percentages of
Crimean Tatars , flag = Flag of the Crimean Tatar people.svg , flag_caption = Flag of Crimean Tatars , image = Love, Peace, Traditions.jpg , caption = Crimean Tatars in traditional clothing in front of the Khan's Palace ...
(1/22 = 4.5%),
Tajiks Tajiks ( fa, تاجيک، تاجک, ''Tājīk, Tājek''; tg, Тоҷик) are a Persian-speaking Iranian ethnic group native to Central Asia, living primarily in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Tajiks are the largest ethnicity in Taj ...
(1/16 = 6.25% Dushanbe, 1/40 = 2.5% Samarkand),
Uyghurs The Uyghurs; ; ; ; zh, s=, t=, p=Wéiwú'ěr, IPA: ( ), alternatively spelled Uighurs, Uygurs or Uigurs, are a Turkic ethnic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the general region of Central and East Asia. The Uyghur ...
(2/41 = 4.9%),
Uzbeks The Uzbeks ( uz, , , , ) are a Turkic ethnic group native to the wider Central Asian region, being among the largest Turkic ethnic group in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Kazakh and Karakalpak mino ...
(1/68 = 1.5% Surxondaryo, 1/70 = 1.4% Xorazm), and Kazakhs (1/54 = 1.9%) . However, nearly all of the purported Korean O-M175(xM119,M95,M122) Y-chromosomes may belong to
Haplogroup O-M176 Haplogroup O-M176 (aka O-SRY465) or O1b2 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is best known for its part in the settlement of Korea and Japan. It is a descendant of Haplogroup O-P31, and it has been estimated to share a most recent common a ...
,O-M175(xM119,M95,M122) is sometimes incorrectly called "O*". and later studies do not support the finding of O-M175* among similar population samples (, ). The reported examples of O-M175(xM119,M95,M122) Y-chromosomes that have been found among these populations might therefore belong to Haplogroup O-M268*(xM95,M176) or Haplogroup O-M176 (O1b2). A study published in 2013 found O-M175(xM119, M95, M176, M122) Y-DNA in 5.5% (1/18) Iranians from
Teheran Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most popul ...
, 5.4% (2/37) Tajiks from
Badakhshan Province Badakhshan Province (Persian/ Uzbek: , ''Badaxšān'') is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the northeastern part of the country. It is bordered by Tajikistan's Gorno-Badakhshan in the north and the Pakistani regions of Lower ...
of Afghanistan, and 1/97
Mongols The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal membe ...
from northwest Mongolia, while finding O-M176 only in 1/20 Mongols from northeast Mongolia.


O-F265 (O1)

O1a-M119 and O1b-M268 share a common ancestor, O1-F265 (a.k.a. O-F75) approximately 33,181 (95% CI 24,461 to 36,879) YBP. O1-F265, in turn, coalesces to a common ancestor with O2-M122 approximately 33,943 (95% CI 25,124 to 37,631) YBP. Thus, O1-F265 should have existed as a single haplogroup parallel to O2-M122 for a duration of approximately 762 years (or anywhere from 0 to 13,170 years considering the 95% CIs and assuming that the phylogeny is correct) before breaking up into its two extant descendant haplogroups, O1-MSY2.2 and O1b-M268.


=O-M119 (O1a)

= O-M119 (which was known briefly as O-MSY2.2, until the SNP MSY2.2 was found to be unreliable) is found frequently in Austronesian-speaking people, with a moderate distribution in southern and eastern Chinese and Kra-dai peoples.


=O-M268 (O1b)

= * O-K18 '' NaxiYFull Haplogroup YTree
v5.04 at 16 May 2017
'' ** O-CTS4040 *** O-MF56251 ''Observed sporadically in China ( Guangxi,Phylogenetic tree of Haplogroup O at 23mofang
/ref>
Guangdong Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020) ...
,
Sichuan Sichuan (; zh, c=, labels=no, ; zh, p=Sìchuān; alternatively romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan; formerly also referred to as "West China" or "Western China" by Protestant missions) is a province in Southwest China occupying most of the ...
,
Zhejiang Zhejiang ( or , ; , Chinese postal romanization, also romanized as Chekiang) is an East China, eastern, coastal Provinces of China, province of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Hangzhou, and other notable citie ...
,
Jiangsu Jiangsu (; ; pinyin: Jiāngsū, alternatively romanized as Kiangsu or Chiangsu) is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the leading provinces in finance, education, technology, and tourism, with its ca ...
,
Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...
), Thailand ( Phuan,Phylogenetic tree of Haplogroup O-F175 at TheYtree
/ref> Yuan, Central Thai), Vietnam ( Nùng, Tày)'' *** O-Page59/CTS10887 ''Found among North Han Chinese (5%), East Han Chinese (4%), South Han Chinese (3%) '' **** O-F4070 ***** O-MF106398 ''Observed sporadically in China (Guangdong, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Shandong)'' ***** O-F779/F993/F3135 ''China, Vietnam ( Lahu), QatarO Y-Haplogroup Project
at Family Tree DNA
'' ****** O-MF107014 ''Observed sporadically in China (Jiangsu, Anhui, Heilongjiang)'' ****** O-CTS5160/MF61620 ''China ( Han, mostly
Guangdong Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020) ...
or
Fujian Fujian (; alternately romanized as Fukien or Hokkien) is a province on the southeastern coast of China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its cap ...
)'' ****** O-F2064/F1759 ''China ( Han from
Fujian Fujian (; alternately romanized as Fukien or Hokkien) is a province on the southeastern coast of China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its cap ...
, Shandong), Singapore, Vietnam ( Sila, Hanhi,
Kinh The Vietnamese people ( vi, người Việt, lit=Viet people) or Kinh people ( vi, người Kinh) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to modern-day Northern Vietnam and Southern China (Jing Islands, Dongxing, Guangxi). The native lang ...
), Korea'' ******* O-PH2797/CTS1127 ''China (especially Shandong, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Hebei, Anhui, Beijing, Henan, and Shanghai)'' ******** O-MF66989 ''Observed sporadically in China (Zhejiang, Guizhou, Hebei, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Shanxi) ******** O-PH2506 ''China (Beijing), Japan'' ******* O-Y148532 ''China (Shandong, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Sichuan, Beijing, Shaanxi), Afghanistan ( Hazara)'' ******* O-Y239146/MF31164 ''Singapore, Taiwan'' ******* O-Y47392/MF17288 ''China (
Zhejiang Zhejiang ( or , ; , Chinese postal romanization, also romanized as Chekiang) is an East China, eastern, coastal Provinces of China, province of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Hangzhou, and other notable citie ...
)'' ******* O-BY182144/Y157814 ''China ( Shandong, Gansu), Taiwan'' ******** O-MF16472/MF148514 ''China (Guangdong, Shandong, Henan, Beijing, Hunan, Jiangsu, etc.)'' ********* O-MF184575 ''China (Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Jilin Korean)'' ******** O-ACT3266/Y149401 ''China (Shandong, Jiangsu)'' ******* O-PH4822 ''China (
Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...
,
Jiangsu Jiangsu (; ; pinyin: Jiāngsū, alternatively romanized as Kiangsu or Chiangsu) is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the leading provinces in finance, education, technology, and tourism, with its ca ...
)'' **** O-F417/M1654/CTS469 ''Japan (Tokyo)'' ***** O-F840/F1247/F1378 ****** O-Y185784 ''Singapore'' ****** O-CTS250 ******* O-F2760 ''China (
Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...
, Dai)'' ******* O-FGC30081 ''China (
Hubei Hubei (; ; alternately Hupeh) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the Central China region. The name of the province means "north of the lake", referring to its position north of Dongting Lake. The ...
,
Guangdong Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020) ...
)'' ***** O-CTS1451 ''Korea, China (Hubei, Shandong, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Hunan, Jiangsu, Chongqing, Guangdong, Anhui, Hebei, Henan, Beijing, etc.)'' **** O-CTS9996/PF4341 ''Philippines'' ***** O-PF4341* ''Hunan (Han)'' ***** O-CTS298 ''China (esp. Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Shanghai, and Liaoning)'' ****** O-F16308 ''China (esp. Hunan)'' ****** O-MF2931 ''China (esp. Zhejiang)'' ***** O-MF14344 ''China (esp. Shaanxi and Anhui)'' ****** O-F1356 ''China (Shandong, Beijing), Vietnam (
Kinh The Vietnamese people ( vi, người Việt, lit=Viet people) or Kinh people ( vi, người Kinh) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to modern-day Northern Vietnam and Southern China (Jing Islands, Dongxing, Guangxi). The native lang ...
from Ho Chi Minh City), South Korea'' ** O-PK4 ***O-F838 ''Found in about 1.4% of
Han Chinese The Han Chinese () or Han people (), are an East Asian ethnic group native to China. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 18% of the global population and consisting of various subgroups speaking distinctiv ...
(and esp. in Hunan, Chongqing, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou)'' **** O-CTS3857 ***** O-F714 ****** O-F2081 ''
Shaanxi Shaanxi (alternatively Shensi, see § Name) is a landlocked province of China. Officially part of Northwest China, it borders the province-level divisions of Shanxi (NE, E), Henan (E), Hubei (SE), Chongqing (S), Sichuan (SW), Gansu (W), N ...
( Han)'' ****** O-F3357 ******* O-F977 '' Liaoning'' ******** O-F1199 ''Beijing, Sichuan'' ********* O-ACT7133 '' Chongqing Liwutu, Jiangxi'' ********* O-Y168698 ''Sichuan, Anhui'' ******* O-CTS4052/CTS5664 ''Hunan ( Han)'' ******** O-Y155291 ''Anhui , medieval Turk (''fl.'' ''ca.'' 600 - 900 CE) from the oasis of
Otrar Otrar or Utrar ( kk, Отырар, ''Otyrar'', otəˈɾɑɾ otk, 𐰚𐰭𐱃𐰺𐰢𐰣, Keŋü Tarman), also called Farab, is a Central Asian ghost town that was a city located along the Silk Road in Kazakhstan. Otrar was an important town ...
'' ******** O-CTS2452 ''Guangxi,
Hunan Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi ...
'' ***** O-F15640/F11242 ''
Fujian Fujian (; alternately romanized as Fukien or Hokkien) is a province on the southeastern coast of China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its cap ...
,
Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bor ...
, Spain (
Burgos Burgos () is a city in Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the province of Burgos. Burgos is situated in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, on the confluence of ...
)'' ****** O-F16212 ******* O-F21414 ''
Fujian Fujian (; alternately romanized as Fukien or Hokkien) is a province on the southeastern coast of China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its cap ...
'' ******** O-F15452 **** O-F15300 '' Chongqing,
Guizhou Guizhou (; formerly Kweichow) is a landlocked province in the southwest region of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Guiyang, in the center of the province. Guizhou borders the autonomous region of Guangxi to the ...
,
Anhui Anhui , (; formerly romanized as Anhwei) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the East China region. Its provincial capital and largest city is Hefei. The province is located across the basins of the Yangtze River ...
'' ***** O-F14826 ''Hunan ong zhou Tang family' ****** O-MF45275 '' Guangxi'' ****** O-Y34152 ******* O-MF43808 ''Sichuan,
Hunan Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi ...
'' ******* O-MF37500 ''
Hunan Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi ...
'' ******** O-MF43192 ''Sichuan,
Hunan Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi ...
'' *** O-M95 **** O-CTS350 ''China (Ningxia, Yunnan, Heilongjiang, Hunan, Shaanxi, Anhui, ''etc.'')'' ***** O-CTS350* '' Japan (
Aichi is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshū. Aichi Prefecture has a population of 7,552,873 () and a geographic area of with a population density of . Aichi Prefecture borders Mie Prefecture to the west, Gifu Prefecture ...
)'' ***** O-CTS10007/CTS926 ''China (esp.
Hunan Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi ...
and Guangdong)'' **** O-M1310 ***** O-Y172653/Y172877 ''Found in China (esp. Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Sichuan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Chongqing) and Japan'' ***** O-F1803/M1348 ''China (Zhejiang, Shandong, Beijing, Guangdong, Hubei, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Shanghai, etc.)'' ****** O-ACT721/ACT1038 ''Found sporadically in China (Zhejiang, Anhui, Hunan, Hainan, Tianjin, Beijing, Liaoning, Heilongjiang)'' ****** O-F789/M1283 ''Found in China ( Blang, Palaung, Wa, Dai, Yi, Naxi),
Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
,
Cambodia Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia, spanning an area of , bordered by Thailan ...
,
Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bor ...
( Malay),
Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's mos ...
,
Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and ea ...
,
Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is b ...
, Laos,
Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explai ...
,
Bhutan Bhutan (; dz, འབྲུག་ཡུལ་, Druk Yul ), officially the Kingdom of Bhutan,), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is situated in the Eastern Himalayas, between China in the north and India in the south. A mountainou ...
,
Bangladesh Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...
,
India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
(
Tripura Tripura (, Bengali: ) is a state in Northeast India. The third-smallest state in the country, it covers ; and the seventh-least populous state with a population of 36.71 lakh ( 3.67 million). It is bordered by Assam and Mizoram to the ea ...
, Ho, Konda Dora, Gond)'' ******* O-M1283* '' Lao Isan'' ******* O-MF600645 ''Gansu (Hui, Dongxiang), Sichuan (
Chengdu Chengdu (, ; simplified Chinese: 成都; pinyin: ''Chéngdū''; Sichuanese pronunciation: , Standard Chinese pronunciation: ), alternatively romanized as Chengtu, is a sub-provincial city which serves as the capital of the Chinese pro ...
), Hunan (
Yiyang Yiyang () is a prefecture-level city on the Zi River in Hunan province, China, straddling Lake Dongting and bordering Hubei to the north. According to the 2010 Census, Yiyang has a population of 4,313,084 inhabitants residing in an area of . Th ...
)'' ******* O-M1368 ''Singapore'' ******** O-M1361 ********* O-MF611153 ''Found sporadically in China (Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing, Guangxi, Jiangxi)'' ********* O-A22938 ''Vietnam (
Kinh The Vietnamese people ( vi, người Việt, lit=Viet people) or Kinh people ( vi, người Kinh) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to modern-day Northern Vietnam and Southern China (Jing Islands, Dongxing, Guangxi). The native lang ...
from Ho Chi Minh City), China (Hong Kong,
Qinzhou Qinzhou ( postal: Yamchow, , Jyutping: ''Jam1 zau1'' (Canton) /''Ham1 zau1'' ( Local) ) is a prefecture-level city in south-central Guangxi, southern China, lying on the Gulf of Tonkin and having a total population of 3,302,238 as of the 2020 c ...
, Chongqing,
Lijiang Lijiang (), also known as Likiang, is a prefecture-level city in the northwest of Yunnan Province, China. It has an area of and had a population of 1,253,878 at the 2020 census whom 288,787 lived in the built-up area (metro) made of Gucheng ...
)'' ********** O-F2194 ''China (esp. Guangxi, with a few members in Yunnan, Chongqing, Hubei, etc.)'' ********** O-BY189914 ''China (mostly Guangdong, Guangxi)'' ********** O-F16163 ''China (Guangdong, Sichuan, Hubei, etc.), Taiwan'' *********** O-F20644 ''China (Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, Gansu, Hunan, Sichuan, etc.)'' ************ O-SK1646 ''China (mostly Sichuan, but also Gansu, Yunnan, Guizhou, etc.)'' ********* O-Y9322 ''China (Dai in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, Chongqing, Guangdong, Sichuan, etc.)'' ********** O-Y9325 *********** O-Z39485 ''China (Dai, Yi)'' *********** O-Z39490 ************ O-Z39490* ''Indonesia (Yogyakarta, Lebbo), Singapore (Malay)'' ************ O-B421 ''Sichuan, Singapore (Malay), Java ( Dieng), Madhya Pradesh (Gond), Saudi Arabia (ar-Riyāḍ)'' *********** O-Y9033/B426 ''Laos ( Laotian), Thailand ( Blang, Khmu, Lawa, Htin, Padaung Karen, Tai Dam, Suay, Khmer, Mon, Lao Isan, Soa, Shan, Phutai,
Nyaw The Lao Nyaw, Thai Nyaw or Tai Yo (Thai/Isan: ไทญ้อ, , Isan pronunciation: , Khmer: ឡាវញ៉) are an ethnic group of Thailand, Cambodia and Laos, scattered throughout the provinces of Isan such as Nong Khai, Sakon Nakhon, Na ...
, S'gaw Karen, Thai, Khon Mueang), Vietnam ( Mang from
Mường Tè District Muong may refer to: *Muong people, third largest of Vietnam's 53 minority groups ** Muong language, spoken by the Mường people of Vietnam *No Muong, king of the southern Laotian Kingdom of Champasak in 1811 * Mueang Mueang ( th, เมือง ...
, Ede from Krông Buk District and Tuy An District,
Kinh The Vietnamese people ( vi, người Việt, lit=Viet people) or Kinh people ( vi, người Kinh) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to modern-day Northern Vietnam and Southern China (Jing Islands, Dongxing, Guangxi). The native lang ...
from Hoàng Mai District, Gia Lâm District, and Yên Phong District, Thái from
Điện Biên Phủ Điện Biên Phủ (, meaning: ''Established Frontier Prefecture''), is a city in the northwestern region of Vietnam. It is the capital of Điện Biên Province. The city is best known for the decisive Battle of Điện Biên Phủ, which occu ...
, Giarai from Ayun Pa)'' ************ O-Y9033* ''Indonesia (Jawa Tengah), India (Tripura, Konda Dora), Bangladesh'' ************ O-M6661 ''Kinh in Ho Chi Minh City'' ************ O-YP3930 ''Cambodia, Thailand (
Mlabri Mlabri can refer to: * Mlabri people The Mlabri ( Thai: มลาบรี) or Mrabri are an ethnic group of Thailand and Laos, and have been called "the most interesting and least understood people in Southeast Asia". Only about 400 or fewer Mlab ...
, S'gaw Karen, Pwo Karen, Tai Yuan), Laos ( Laotian in
Vientiane Vientiane ( , ; lo, ວຽງຈັນ, ''Viangchan'', ) is the capital and largest city of Laos. Vientiane is divided administratively into 9 cities with a total area of only approx. 3,920 square kilometres and is located on the banks of ...
)'' ****** O-F1252 *******O-SK1630/F5504 ''China (esp. Sichuan and Guizhou, accounting for about 0.25% of the entire Chinese population)'' ********O-ACT5802 *********O-MF92614 *********O-F16061 **********O-MF286118 ''Found in two Han Chinese from Guangdong'' **********O-F19607 ***********O-SK1636 ''China (esp. Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Gansu, and Henan)'' ***********O-MF206811 ''China (Shaanxi, Sichuan, Henan)'' ***********O-MF91645 ''China (Han from
Mianyang Mianyang (; formerly known as Mienchow) is the second largest prefecture-level city of Sichuan province in Southwest China. Located in north-central Sichuan covering an area of consisting of Jiangyou, a county-level city, five counties, and thr ...
, Tujia from
Zhangjiajie Zhangjiajie (), also known in Tujia language as ''Zhangx jif avlar'' /dzaŋ˩ ji˥ a˩.la˥/, is a prefecture-level city in the northwestern part of Hunan Province, China. It comprises the district of Yongding, Wulingyuan and counties of Cili ...
)'' ***********O-Y68888 ''Russia (
Ryazan Oblast Ryazan Oblast ( rus, Рязанская область, r=Ryazanskaya oblast, p=rʲɪˈzanskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Ryazan, which is the oblast's largest city. Geo ...
)'' ***********O-F5506 ''
Hmong Hmong may refer to: * Hmong people, an ethnic group living mainly in Southwest China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand * Hmong cuisine * Hmong customs and culture ** Hmong music ** Hmong textile art * Hmong language, a continuum of closely related to ...
(
Hunan Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi ...
)'' ******* O-F2924 ******** O-CTS5854 ********* O-Z23810 ********** O-CTS7399 *********** O-Y85641 ''China (esp. Shandong, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang)'' *********** O-Y14024/FGC19706 ''Japan (Tokyo)'' *********** O-FGC19713/Y14026 ''Laos ( Laotian in
Vientiane Vientiane ( , ; lo, ວຽງຈັນ, ''Viangchan'', ) is the capital and largest city of Laos. Vientiane is divided administratively into 9 cities with a total area of only approx. 3,920 square kilometres and is located on the banks of ...
and Luang Prabang), Thailand ( Tai Dam, Tai Lue, Nyah Kur, Thai, Eastern Lawa), Vietnam ( Thái from Bá Thước District and Tủa Chùa District, Hà Nhì from
Mường Tè District Muong may refer to: *Muong people, third largest of Vietnam's 53 minority groups ** Muong language, spoken by the Mường people of Vietnam *No Muong, king of the southern Laotian Kingdom of Champasak in 1811 * Mueang Mueang ( th, เมือง ...
)'' ************ O-FGC19707 ************* O-MF14427 ''China (esp. Jiangsu, Gansu, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei, Shaanxi)'' ************* O-FGC19716 ''China (
Hong Kong Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delta i ...
, Guangdong, Hunan, Chongqing)'' ************** O-FGC19718 ''China (esp. Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Jiangsu, Guangdong),
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
(
Capiz Capiz, officially the Province of Capiz (Capiznon/ Hiligaynon: ''Kapuoran sang Capiz''; tl, Lalawigan ng Capiz), is a province in the Philippines located in the central section of Western Visayas region. Its capital is the city of Roxas. It ...
)'' ************* O-Z23849 ''China ( Chongqing Han,
Xishuangbanna Xishuangbanna, Sibsongbanna or Sipsong Panna ( Tham: , New Tai Lü script: ; ; th, สิบสองปันนา; lo, ສິບສອງພັນນາ; shn, သိပ်းသွင်ပၼ်းၼႃး; my, စစ်ဆောင် ...
Dai, Guangxi Zhuang,
Guangdong Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020) ...
, Shandong,
Tianjin Tianjin (; ; Mandarin: ), alternately romanized as Tientsin (), is a municipality and a coastal metropolis in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea. It is one of the nine national central cities in Mainland China, with a total popu ...
)'' ********** O-CTS651/CTS10484 ''Thailand ( Tai Khün, Phuan, Tai Lue, Khon Mueang, Eastern Lawa, Lao Isan, Thai), Laos ( Laotian in
Vientiane Vientiane ( , ; lo, ວຽງຈັນ, ''Viangchan'', ) is the capital and largest city of Laos. Vientiane is divided administratively into 9 cities with a total area of only approx. 3,920 square kilometres and is located on the banks of ...
), Vietnam (
Dao Dao, Dão or DAO may refer to: * Tao (Chinese: "The Way" 道), a philosophical concept * Dao (Chinese sword) (刀), a type of Chinese sword * Dao (Naga sword), a weapon and a tool of Naga people People and language * Yao people, a minority ethni ...
and Nùng from
Hoàng Su Phì District Huang (; ) is a Chinese surname that originally means and refers to jade people were wearing and decorating in ancient times. While ''Huáng'' is the pinyin romanization of the word, it may also be romanized as Hwang, Wong, Waan, Wan, Waon, Hw ...
, Tày from Krông Pắk District,
Hà Quảng District Hà Quảng is a rural district of Cao Bằng province Cao or CAO may refer to: Mythology *Cao (bull), a legendary bull in Meitei mythology Companies or organizations *Air China Cargo, ICAO airline designator CAO *CA Oradea, Romanian footbal ...
, and Đình Lập District)'' *********** O-CTS10484* ''China ( Guangxi)'' *********** O-PH4310 ''China (Guangdong, Sichuan, Beijing), Singapore'' *********** O-Z1018 ''China (Hunan,
Xishuangbanna Xishuangbanna, Sibsongbanna or Sipsong Panna ( Tham: , New Tai Lü script: ; ; th, สิบสองปันนา; lo, ສິບສອງພັນນາ; shn, သိပ်းသွင်ပၼ်းၼႃး; my, စစ်ဆောင် ...
Dai, Guangxi)'' ********* O-Z23781 ''China (
Henan Henan (; or ; ; alternatively Honan) is a landlocked province of China, in the central part of the country. Henan is often referred to as Zhongyuan or Zhongzhou (), which literally means "central plain" or "midland", although the name is al ...
)'' ********** O-F4229 ''Singapore'' *********** O-F809 ''China (
Xishuangbanna Xishuangbanna, Sibsongbanna or Sipsong Panna ( Tham: , New Tai Lü script: ; ; th, สิบสองปันนา; lo, ສິບສອງພັນນາ; shn, သိပ်းသွင်ပၼ်းၼႃး; my, စစ်ဆောင် ...
Dai,
Guangdong Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020) ...
, Chongqing)'' ************ O-Z23795 ''China (esp.
Zhejiang Zhejiang ( or , ; , Chinese postal romanization, also romanized as Chekiang) is an East China, eastern, coastal Provinces of China, province of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Hangzhou, and other notable citie ...
)'' ************* O-MF223122 ''China (
Linyi Linyi () is a prefecture-level city in the south of Shandong province, China. As of 2011, Linyi is the largest prefecture-level city in Shandong, both by area and population, Linyi borders Rizhao to the east, Weifang to the northeast, Zibo t ...
,
Mianyang Mianyang (; formerly known as Mienchow) is the second largest prefecture-level city of Sichuan province in Southwest China. Located in north-central Sichuan covering an area of consisting of Jiangyou, a county-level city, five counties, and thr ...
)'' ************* O-A22937 ************** O-BY50703 *************** O-MF169272 ''China ( Daurs,
Qiqihar Qiqihar () is the second-largest city in the Heilongjiang province of China, in the west central part of the province. The built-up (or metro) area made up of Longsha, Tiefeng and Jianhua districts had 959,787 inhabitants, while the total populat ...
, Harbin,
Heihe Heihe (; ; Russian: Хэйхэ) is a prefecture-level city of northern Heilongjiang province, China, located on the Russian border, on the south bank of the Amur (Heilong) River, across the river from Blagoveshchensk. At the 2020 census, 1 ...
, Hulunbuir,
Xilingol League Xilingol, Xilin Gol, Shiliin Gol or Xilinguole Aimag/League (; mn, , , , ) is one of 3 leagues of Inner Mongolia. The seat is Xilinhot, and the area is . The league's economy is based on mining and agriculture. Xilingol borders Mongolia to t ...
,
Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...
)'' *************** O-MF226417 ''China (
Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...
,
Hangzhou Hangzhou ( or , ; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ), also romanized as Hangchow, is the capital and most populous city of Zhejiang, China. It is located in the northwestern part of the province, sitting at the head of Hangzhou Bay, whic ...
)'' ************** O-MF61630 ''China (Baoji, Hanzhong, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Yantai, Shaoxing)'' ************* O-F2517 ''China (Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, etc.)'' ************** O-MF5664 ************** O-Z23790 ******** O-M111/M88 ''Found frequently among
Vietnamese Vietnamese may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Vietnam, a country in Southeast Asia ** A citizen of Vietnam. See Demographics of Vietnam. * Vietnamese people, or Kinh people, a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to Vietnam ** Overse ...
,
Tai peoples Tai peoples are the populations who speak (or formerly spoke) the Tai languages. There are a total of about 93 million people of Tai ancestry worldwide, with the largest ethnic groups being Dai, Thais, Isan, Tai Yai (Shan), Lao, Tai Ahom, a ...
( Bouyei, Zhuang, Nùng, Tày, Thái people in Vietnam, Lao, Northeastern Thai,
Northern Thai Kam Mueang ( nod, , กำเมือง) or Northern Thai language ( th, ภาษาไทยถิ่นเหนือ) is the language of the Northern Thai people of Lanna, Thailand. It is a Southwestern Tai language that is closely rela ...
,Bing Su, Li Jin, Peter Underhill, ''et al.'' (2000), "Polynesian origins: Insights from the Y chromosome." ''PNAS'', vol. 97, no. 15, 8225–8228. general population of
Bangkok Bangkok, officially known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon and colloquially as Krung Thep, is the capital and most populous city of Thailand. The city occupies in the Chao Phraya River delta in central Thailand and has an estimated populati ...
), Lachi, Lô Lô, Hani- Akha, Bunu, She people,
Cambodians The Khmer people ( km, ជនជាតិខ្មែរ, ) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to Cambodia. They comprise over 90% of Cambodia's population of 17 million.
,
Kuy Kuy, also known as Kui, Suay or Kuay ( th, ภาษากูย; km, ភាសាកួយ), is a Katuic languages, Katuic language, part of the larger Austroasiatic languages, Austroasiatic family spoken by the Kuy people of Southeast Asia. ...
, Bru, and Htin, with a moderate distribution among Qiang, Bai, Yi,
Bamar The Bamar (, ; also known as the Burmans) are a Sino-Tibetan ethnic group native to Myanmar (formerly Burma) in Southeast Asia. With approximately 35 million people, the Bamar make up the largest ethnic group in Myanmar, constituting 68% of th ...
, Jingpo, Lahu, Tujia,
Han Chinese The Han Chinese () or Han people (), are an East Asian ethnic group native to China. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 18% of the global population and consisting of various subgroups speaking distinctiv ...
, Miao, Pathen, Yao, Hlai,
Taiwanese aborigines Taiwanese may refer to: * Taiwanese language, another name for Taiwanese Hokkien * Something from or related to Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China ...
(especially Bunun), the Philippines, Malaysia (
Kota Kinabalu , image_skyline = , image_caption = From top, left to right, bottom:Kota Kinabalu skyline, Wawasan intersection, Tun Mustapha Tower, Kota Kinabalu Coastal Highway, the Kota Kinabalu City Mosque, the Wism ...
), Kalimantan (
Banjarmasin ) , translit_lang1 = Other , translit_lang1_type1 = Jawi , translit_lang1_info1 = بنجر ماسين , settlement_type = City , motto = ''Kayuh Baimbai'' ( Banjare ...
),
Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's mos ...
, Chamic-speaking peoples (
Cham Cham or CHAM may refer to: Ethnicities and languages *Chams, people in Vietnam and Cambodia **Cham language, the language of the Cham people ***Cham script *** Cham (Unicode block), a block of Unicode characters of the Cham script *Cham Albania ...
from Bình Thuận, Ede, Jarai), and
Kiribati Kiribati (), officially the Republic of Kiribati ( gil, ibaberikiKiribati),Kiribati
''The Wor ...
'' ********* O-M111/M88* ''
Northern Thailand Northern Thailand, or more specifically Lanna, is geographically characterised by several mountain ranges, which continue from the Shan Hills in bordering Myanmar to Laos, and the river valleys which cut through them. Though like most of Thailan ...
( Htin, Lawa),
Cambodia Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia, spanning an area of , bordered by Thailan ...
( Jarai, Brao, Kachac, Khmer, Lao, Lun),
Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the C ...
( De'ang)'' ********* O-F2524 ********** O-F2524* ''Jiangsu'' ********** O-F2346 *********** O-F2890 ''Thailand ( Khon Mueang, Phuan, Shan, Htin, Tai Dam, Thai, Lawa, Lao Isan, Mon), Vietnam (
Kinh The Vietnamese people ( vi, người Việt, lit=Viet people) or Kinh people ( vi, người Kinh) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to modern-day Northern Vietnam and Southern China (Jing Islands, Dongxing, Guangxi). The native lang ...
from Gia Lâm District, Tày from Lục Yên District)'' ************ O-F2890* '' Ho Chi Minh City'' ************ O-Z24048 ************* O-F18990 ''
Jiangsu Jiangsu (; ; pinyin: Jiāngsū, alternatively romanized as Kiangsu or Chiangsu) is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the leading provinces in finance, education, technology, and tourism, with its ca ...
,
Jiangxi Jiangxi (; ; formerly romanized as Kiangsi or Chianghsi) is a landlocked province in the east of the People's Republic of China. Its major cities include Nanchang and Jiujiang. Spanning from the banks of the Yangtze river in the north int ...
, Xishuangbanna ( Dai)'' ************* O-Z24050 ************** O-Z24050* ''Xishuangbanna ( Dai)'' ************** O-ACT7172 ''
Guangdong Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020) ...
'' ************** O-Y151536 *************** O-Z22028 ''
Hunan Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi ...
,
Anhui Anhui , (; formerly romanized as Anhwei) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the East China region. Its provincial capital and largest city is Hefei. The province is located across the basins of the Yangtze River ...
,
Guangdong Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020) ...
'' *************** O-Y151537 **************** O-Y151537* ''
Hunan Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi ...
'' **************** O-ACT523 ***************** O-ACT505 ''
Guangdong Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020) ...
'' ***************** O-ACT502 ''
Jiangxi Jiangxi (; ; formerly romanized as Kiangsi or Chianghsi) is a landlocked province in the east of the People's Republic of China. Its major cities include Nanchang and Jiujiang. Spanning from the banks of the Yangtze river in the north int ...
,
Hunan Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi ...
, Guangxi'' *********** O-F2758 ''
Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
(
Kinh The Vietnamese people ( vi, người Việt, lit=Viet people) or Kinh people ( vi, người Kinh) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to modern-day Northern Vietnam and Southern China (Jing Islands, Dongxing, Guangxi). The native lang ...
, Lahu,
Dao Dao, Dão or DAO may refer to: * Tao (Chinese: "The Way" 道), a philosophical concept * Dao (Chinese sword) (刀), a type of Chinese sword * Dao (Naga sword), a weapon and a tool of Naga people People and language * Yao people, a minority ethni ...
, Pathen, Tày, Thái, Ede, Giarai),
Cambodia Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia, spanning an area of , bordered by Thailan ...
(
Kuy Kuy, also known as Kui, Suay or Kuay ( th, ภาษากูย; km, ភាសាកួយ), is a Katuic languages, Katuic language, part of the larger Austroasiatic languages, Austroasiatic family spoken by the Kuy people of Southeast Asia. ...
, Tampuan, Khmer),
Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is b ...
( Phutai, Bru, Tai Khün, Phuan, Tai Dam, Shan, Khon Mueang, Mon, Lao Isan, Tai Lue, Htin, Lawa, Khmu, Kaleun,
Nyaw The Lao Nyaw, Thai Nyaw or Tai Yo (Thai/Isan: ไทญ้อ, , Isan pronunciation: , Khmer: ឡាវញ៉) are an ethnic group of Thailand, Cambodia and Laos, scattered throughout the provinces of Isan such as Nong Khai, Sakon Nakhon, Na ...
, Suay, Thai), Laos ( Laotian in Luang Prabang),
Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the C ...
( Bulang, De'ang)'' ************ O-F2758* ''China ( Miao,
Hunan Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi ...
)'' ************ O-Z24083 ************* O-Z24083* ''Ho Chi Minh City (
Kinh The Vietnamese people ( vi, người Việt, lit=Viet people) or Kinh people ( vi, người Kinh) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to modern-day Northern Vietnam and Southern China (Jing Islands, Dongxing, Guangxi). The native lang ...
)'' ************* O-Z24089 ************** O-SK1627/Z24091 ''Vietnam ( Lô Lô from
Mèo Vạc District The Miao are a group of linguistically-related peoples living in Southern China and Southeast Asia, who are recognized by the government of China as one of the 56 List of ethnic groups in China, official ethnic groups. The Miao live primarily in ...
, La Chí and Nùng from
Hoàng Su Phì District Huang (; ) is a Chinese surname that originally means and refers to jade people were wearing and decorating in ancient times. While ''Huáng'' is the pinyin romanization of the word, it may also be romanized as Hwang, Wong, Waan, Wan, Waon, Hw ...
, Hà Nhì from
Mường Tè District Muong may refer to: *Muong people, third largest of Vietnam's 53 minority groups ** Muong language, spoken by the Mường people of Vietnam *No Muong, king of the southern Laotian Kingdom of Champasak in 1811 * Mueang Mueang ( th, เมือง ...
, Tày from Chợ Đồn District and Đăk Mil District, Ede from Ea Kar District,
Kinh The Vietnamese people ( vi, người Việt, lit=Viet people) or Kinh people ( vi, người Kinh) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to modern-day Northern Vietnam and Southern China (Jing Islands, Dongxing, Guangxi). The native lang ...
from Nghĩa Hưng District), Thailand ( Soa, Saek, Phutai, Suay, Tai Dam, S'gaw Karen, Nyah Kur, Khmer, Lawa, Lao Isan, Mon, Thai), Laos ( Laotian in
Vientiane Vientiane ( , ; lo, ວຽງຈັນ, ''Viangchan'', ) is the capital and largest city of Laos. Vientiane is divided administratively into 9 cities with a total area of only approx. 3,920 square kilometres and is located on the banks of ...
)'' *************** O-Z24091* ''China (
Hebei Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese, 3% Manchu, 0.8% Hui, and 0 ...
,
Xishuangbanna Xishuangbanna, Sibsongbanna or Sipsong Panna ( Tham: , New Tai Lü script: ; ; th, สิบสองปันนา; lo, ສິບສອງພັນນາ; shn, သိပ်းသွင်ပၼ်းၼႃး; my, စစ်ဆောင် ...
Dai), Vietnam (
Kinh The Vietnamese people ( vi, người Việt, lit=Viet people) or Kinh people ( vi, người Kinh) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to modern-day Northern Vietnam and Southern China (Jing Islands, Dongxing, Guangxi). The native lang ...
from Ho Chi Minh City)'' *************** O-Y26364 **************** O-Y26364* ''Thailand ( Phutai from Sakon Nakhon Province)'' **************** O-Y26370 ''China ( Tujia), Vietnam (
Kinh The Vietnamese people ( vi, người Việt, lit=Viet people) or Kinh people ( vi, người Kinh) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to modern-day Northern Vietnam and Southern China (Jing Islands, Dongxing, Guangxi). The native lang ...
from Ho Chi Minh City)'' ************** O-F923 *************** O-F923* ''Xishuangbanna ( Dai), Ho Chi Minh City (
Kinh The Vietnamese people ( vi, người Việt, lit=Viet people) or Kinh people ( vi, người Kinh) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to modern-day Northern Vietnam and Southern China (Jing Islands, Dongxing, Guangxi). The native lang ...
)'' *************** O-Z24154 ''Ho Chi Minh City (
Kinh The Vietnamese people ( vi, người Việt, lit=Viet people) or Kinh people ( vi, người Kinh) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to modern-day Northern Vietnam and Southern China (Jing Islands, Dongxing, Guangxi). The native lang ...
)'' *************** O-CTS2022 **************** O-CTS2022* ''Ho Chi Minh City (
Kinh The Vietnamese people ( vi, người Việt, lit=Viet people) or Kinh people ( vi, người Kinh) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to modern-day Northern Vietnam and Southern China (Jing Islands, Dongxing, Guangxi). The native lang ...
)'' **************** O-F3053 ''Thailand ( Tai Lue, Khon Mueang)'' ***************** O-F3053* ''Cambodian'' ***************** O-F4383/F1399 ''Vietnam ( Nùng from
Hoàng Su Phì District Huang (; ) is a Chinese surname that originally means and refers to jade people were wearing and decorating in ancient times. While ''Huáng'' is the pinyin romanization of the word, it may also be romanized as Hwang, Wong, Waan, Wan, Waon, Hw ...
)'' ****************** O-F4383/F1399* ''China ( Han from Chongqing), Singapore'' ****************** O-F14994 ''Vietnam (
Kinh The Vietnamese people ( vi, người Việt, lit=Viet people) or Kinh people ( vi, người Kinh) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to modern-day Northern Vietnam and Southern China (Jing Islands, Dongxing, Guangxi). The native lang ...
from Ho Chi Minh City), Singapore'' ****************** O-F2415 ''Thailand ( Tai Lue, Khon Mueang, Lao Isan, Mon, Thai), China ( Dai from Xishuangbanna,
Yongbei Zhuang Yongbei Zhuang is a Zhuang variety including the dialects of Yongning North, Binyang, Hengxian, and Pingguo dialects. 'Yongbei' 邕北 is Chinese and here means North of the Yongjiang river; in other contexts it can stand for the north of Yongni ...
from Guangxi, Han from
Hunan Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi ...
)'' * O-M176 ** O-M176(x47z): Found frequently among
Koreans Koreans ( South Korean: , , North Korean: , ; see names of Korea) are an East Asian ethnic group native to the Korean Peninsula. Koreans mainly live in the two Korean nation states: North Korea and South Korea (collectively and simply re ...
, with a moderate distribution among Buryats, Daurs,
Evenks The Evenks (also spelled Ewenki or Evenki based on their endonym )Autonym: (); russian: Эвенки (); (); formerly known as Tungus or Tunguz; mn, Хамниган () or Aiwenji () are a Tungusic people of North Asia. In Russia, the Eve ...
, Hezhe, Indonesians,
Japanese Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspor ...
,
Manchus The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) and ...
, Micronesians, Ryukyuans, Sibe, Thais, Udegeys,
Vietnamese Vietnamese may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Vietnam, a country in Southeast Asia ** A citizen of Vietnam. See Demographics of Vietnam. * Vietnamese people, or Kinh people, a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to Vietnam ** Overse ...
. ** O-47z: Found frequently among
Japanese Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspor ...
and Ryukyuans, with a moderate distribution among Indonesians,
Koreans Koreans ( South Korean: , , North Korean: , ; see names of Korea) are an East Asian ethnic group native to the Korean Peninsula. Koreans mainly live in the two Korean nation states: North Korea and South Korea (collectively and simply re ...
, Manchus, Thais.


O-M122 (O2)

Found frequently among populations of
East Asia East Asia is the eastern region of Asia, which is defined in both Geography, geographical and culture, ethno-cultural terms. The modern State (polity), states of East Asia include China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. ...
,
Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainlan ...
, and culturally Austronesian regions of
Oceania Oceania (, , ) is a geographical region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern and Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of and a population of around 44.5 million ...
, with a moderate distribution in
Central Asia Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a subregion, region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes t ...
. *O-M122 **O-CTS1754 ''East & Southeast Asia'' ***O-F953/F1886 ''Philippines'' ****O-F953* ''Ho Chi Minh City (
Kinh The Vietnamese people ( vi, người Việt, lit=Viet people) or Kinh people ( vi, người Kinh) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to modern-day Northern Vietnam and Southern China (Jing Islands, Dongxing, Guangxi). The native lang ...
)'' ****O-F1024 *****O-F1024* ''Guangxi'' *****O-Y29790 ''Liaoning, Fujian'' **O-M324 ***O-L465 ****O-CTS727 *****O-F915 ******O-F915* ''Shanxi'' ******O-Y14462 *******O-Y14462* ''Guangdong'' *******O-CTS1936 ''Beijing, Ho Chi Minh City'' *******O-A18267 ********O-A18029 ''China'' ********O-ACT6559 ''Hebei'' *****O-CTS3709 ******O-CTS11209 *******O-CTS11209* ''Han from Hunan'' *******O-L599 ''Han from Hunan, Kinh from Ho Chi Minh City, Tujia'' ******O-F2640 *******O-F2640* ''Beijing'' *******O-CTS11210 ********O-CTS11210* ''Han from Hunan'' ********O-CTS2432 ''Han from Hunan'' ****O-JST002611/CTS2483 *****O-CTS2483* ''China,Y-DNA Haplotree at Family Tree DNA
/ref> Japan, Philippines'' *****O-CTS10573 ''Beijing, Sichuan, Henan, Jiangsu'' ******O-CTS10573* ''Beijing, Dai from Xishuangbanna'' ******O-MF7367 *******O-MF7367* '' Dai'' *******O-MF9367 ''South Korea, Japan ( Kōchi)'' *****O-F18 ******O-CTS498 ''China, Japan (Tokyo)'' ******O-F449 ''Azerbaijan'' *******O-F1266, F2016, F4267 ''Beijing, Jilin, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Guangdong'' *******O-F238 ********O-FGC62457 *********O-CTS679 ''Hubei, Fujian ( Han)'' *********O-MF19356 ''Guizhou, Chongqing, Jiangxi'' ********O-F134 *********O-F134* *********O-F1894 ''Beijing, Shanghai, Liaoning, Jilin, Hebei, Shanxi, Zhejiang, Guangdong'' **********O-F1894* ''Hunan ( Han), Beijing'' **********O-MF18144 ***********O-MF18144* ''Shandong'' ***********O-F18567 ''South Korea, Japanese'' *********O-MF8794 **********O-MF8794* ''China ( Han)'' **********O-MF1155 ***********O-MF1155* ''Anhui, Myanmar (Mandalay)'' ***********O-MF1157 ''Guangdong,
Jiangxi Jiangxi (; ; formerly romanized as Kiangsi or Chianghsi) is a landlocked province in the east of the People's Republic of China. Its major cities include Nanchang and Jiujiang. Spanning from the banks of the Yangtze river in the north int ...
, Russia ( Moscow Oblast)'' ******O-F117 *******O-F117* ''Fujian'' *******O-F11 ********O-F11* ''Gansu, Japanese'' ********O-F930 ''Beijing, Armenia, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shandong, Zhejiang, Hubei'' *********O-F2685 ''Beijing, Shanghai, Fujian, Guangdong'' ********O-BY169374 *********O-BY169374* ''Zhejiang'' *********O-SK1692 **********O-SK1692* ''Guangdong'' **********O-MF55116 ''Pakistan (
Hazaras The Hazaras ( fa, , Həzārə; haz, , Āzərə) are an ethnic group and the principal component of the population of Afghanistan, native to, and primarily residing in the Hazaristan (Hazarajat) region in central Afghanistan and generally scatt ...
)'' ********O-F539 ''Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan'' *********O-F539* *********O-F319 ''Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh City), Hunan'' ********O-CTS12877 *********O-F16635 **********O-F16635* ''South Korea'' **********O-ACT3882 ''Hubei, Hunan ( Han)'' *********O-CTS257 ''Zhejiang, Shanghai, Guangdong, Beijing, Fujian, Heilongjiang, Hunan'' **********O-CTS257* ''South Korea, Japan (Tokyo)'' **********O-F16834 ***********O-F16834* ''Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh City)'' ***********O-Y166692 '' Lahu, Yi'' ********O-Y29837 *********O-Y29837* ''Hebei, Fujian ( Han)'' *********O-MF8526 **********O-MF8526* ''Sichuan, Zhejiang'' **********O-Y135777 ''China'' ********O-BY36917 ''Japan'' *********O-F270 ''Beijing, Hebei, Shandong'' **********O-F270* '' Hezhen'' **********O-F1272 ''Jiangsu'' ********O-F4062 ''Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong, Shaanxi, Chongqing, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang'' *********O-Y15976 ''China, Japan, Korea, Pakistan, Vietnam'' **********O-Y15976* ''Zhejiang, Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh City)'' **********O-Y26383 ***********O-Y26383* ''Hubei'' ***********O-SK1686 ************O-SK1686* ''Pakistan ( Brahui)'' ************O-Y46851 ''South Korea'' *********O-FGC54474 **********O-FGC54474* ''Skeleton exhumed from a mass grave (2083 +- 27 YBP uncal) located in Nomgon, Ömnögovi, Mongolia'' **********O-FGC54505 ''China, Japan (
Okinawa is a prefecture of Japan. Okinawa Prefecture is the southernmost and westernmost prefecture of Japan, has a population of 1,457,162 (as of 2 February 2020) and a geographic area of 2,281 km2 (880 sq mi). Naha is the capital and largest city ...
)'' **********O-MF8460 ''Anhui'' **********O-MF9523 ''South Korea'' ********O-F971 ''Beijing, Shanghai, Hubei, Guangdong'' *********O-F971* ''Sichuan, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Japan'' *********O-Y23813 **********O-Y23813* ''Guangdong'' **********O-Y23809 ***********O-Y23809* ''Guangdong'' ***********O-BY170727 ***********O-Y23907 ''Guangdong'' ********O-F632 *********O-F632* ''Beijing'' *********O-F16340 ''Zhejiang'' *********O-F133 ''China, Bulgaria'' **********O-F133* ''Beijing'' **********O-Y20951 ***********O-Y20951* ''Anhui'' ***********O-Y20932 ''Anhui, Beijing'' **********O-F17 ***********O-F377 ''China, France'' ************O-CTS7789 ''Han Chinese (Beijing, Shanghai, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Sichuan)'' *************O-CTS7789* ''Beijing, Guangdong'' *************O-F1095 **************O-F1095* ''Fujian ( Han)'' **************O-Z25097 ***************O-Z25097* ''Hunan ( Han)'' ***************O-Z7776 ''Hunan ( Han), Guangdong'' ************O-CTS7501 *************O-CTS7501* ''Zhejiang, Hunan ( Han)'' *************O-CTS1621 **************O-CTS1621* ''Hubei, Hunan ( Han)'' **************O-Y147084 ''Jiangxi'' ***********O-F793 ''Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Hubei, Sichuan, Guangdong'' ************O-F793* ''Sichuan, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, French Polynesia, She, North China ( Han)'' ************O-Y150436 *************O-Y150436* ''Jiangxi'' *************O-Y150331 ''Jiangxi, Yunnan'' ************O-Y141213 ''Jilin, Liaoning, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu'' ***O-P201 ****O-M188 *****O-M188* ''Korea'' *****O-CTS800 ******O-CTS800* ''Beijing, Japan'' ******O-CTS1602 ''Han from Fujian'' *****O-CTS445 ******O-CTS201 ''Korea'' *******O-M159 ''China, Taiwan, Cambodia, Malaysia, Singapore'' ********O-Z35182 *********O-Z35182* ''China ( Han)'' *********O-MF2541 ''Fujian, Taiwan (Chiayi City), Cambodia (Siem Reap)'' ********O-CTS5032 *********O-CTS5032* ''Hunan (Han)'' *********O-CTS10690 ''Hunan (Han)'' *******O-MF18110/FGC50590 ''China (esp. Guangdong, Zhejiang, Hunan, Shandong, and Guangxi)'' ********O-MF109844 *********O-MF106775 ''China (esp. Shandong, Jiangsu, and Henan)'' *********O-MF106730 ''China (esp. Guangdong and Guangxi)'' ********O-FGC50661 ''China (esp. Jiangsu and Hunan)'' *********O-MF56709 **********O-MF213370 ''Found sporadically in
Yangzhou Yangzhou, postal romanization Yangchow, is a prefecture-level city in central Jiangsu Province (Suzhong), East China. Sitting on the north bank of the Yangtze, it borders the provincial capital Nanjing to the southwest, Huai'an to the north ...
,
Shanghai Shanghai (; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flowin ...
, Liangshan'' **********O-MF56898 ''China (esp. Hunan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Shanghai)'' *********O-FGC50643/MF15475 ''China (Shandong, Hebei, Hubei, Shanxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, etc.)'' **********O-MF56474 ''China (Jiangsu, Anhui, Jilin, Shandong, etc.)'' **********O-FGC50649 ***********O-Y169696/MF14256 ''China (esp. Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, and Shanghai)'' ***********O-FGC50558 ''Japan, Korea'' ************O-FGC50558* ''Korea, Japanese'' ************O-Y165513 ''Korea'' ************O-FGC50535 ''Korea'' ******O-M7 Found frequently among human remains associated with the Neolithic Daxi culture and modern Hmong–Mien, Katuic, and Bahnaric peoples, with a moderate distribution among
Han Chinese The Han Chinese () or Han people (), are an East Asian ethnic group native to China. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 18% of the global population and consisting of various subgroups speaking distinctiv ...
,
Buyei The Bouyei (also spelled ''Puyi'', ''Buyei'' and ''Buyi''; self called: Buxqyaix, or "Puzhong", "Burao", "Puman"; ; vi, người Bố Y), otherwise known as the Zhongjia, are an ethnic group living in Southern Mainland China. Numbering 2.5 mil ...
, Bai ,
Mosuo The Mosuo (; also spelled Moso, Mosso or Musuo), often called the Naxi among themselves, are a small ethnic group living in China's Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, close to the border with Tibet. Consisting of a population of approximately 40,000, ...
,
Tibetans The Tibetan people (; ) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Tibet. Their current population is estimated to be around 6.7 million. In addition to the majority living in Tibet Autonomous Region of China, significant numbers of Tibetans liv ...
, Qiang , Oroqen , Tujia , Thai , Orang Asli , western
Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
ns ( and ),
Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...
ns ,
Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
ese , and Atayal . *******O-M7* ''Hubei, Philippines (possibly O-Y26395)'' *******O-Y26395 ''Taiwan ( Amis)'' *******O-F1276 ********O-F1863 *********O-F1863* ''Zhejiang, Dai (Xishuangbanna)'' *********O-V3237 ''
Kinh The Vietnamese people ( vi, người Việt, lit=Viet people) or Kinh people ( vi, người Kinh) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to modern-day Northern Vietnam and Southern China (Jing Islands, Dongxing, Guangxi). The native lang ...
(Ho Chi Minh City)'' ********O-CTS6489 *********O-CTS6489* '' Dai (Xishuangbanna)'' *********O-F1275 **********O-ACT1126 ''Fujian'' **********O-CTS6579 ''Hunan (Han)'' **********O-Z25398 ***********O-Z25398* ''
Kinh The Vietnamese people ( vi, người Việt, lit=Viet people) or Kinh people ( vi, người Kinh) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to modern-day Northern Vietnam and Southern China (Jing Islands, Dongxing, Guangxi). The native lang ...
(Ho Chi Minh City)'' ***********O-F1100 ************O-F1100* ''Hunan'' ************O-F1234 *************O-Y185160 ''
Hebei Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese, 3% Manchu, 0.8% Hui, and 0 ...
,
Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...
'' *************O-F14904/N5 ''
Ningxia Ningxia (,; , ; alternately romanized as Ninghsia), officially the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NHAR), is an autonomous region in the northwest of the People's Republic of China. Formerly a province, Ningxia was incorporated into Gansu in 1 ...
,
Hmong Hmong may refer to: * Hmong people, an ethnic group living mainly in Southwest China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand * Hmong cuisine * Hmong customs and culture ** Hmong music ** Hmong textile art * Hmong language, a continuum of closely related to ...
(
Northern Thailand Northern Thailand, or more specifically Lanna, is geographically characterised by several mountain ranges, which continue from the Shan Hills in bordering Myanmar to Laos, and the river valleys which cut through them. Though like most of Thailan ...
), She, Iu Mien ( Phayao Province), Quebec'' ****O-P164 *****O-F996/F3237 ******O-A16433 ''Heilongjiang'' *******O-MF56976 ''Anhui'' *******O-Y125645 ********O-Y149134 ''Anhui, Henan'' ********O-PF5573 *********O-PF5573* ''Guangdong'' *********O-Y101407 ''Korea'' *********O-MF14338 **********O-MF14338* ''
Tatarstan The Republic of Tatarstan (russian: Республика Татарстан, Respublika Tatarstan, p=rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə tətɐrˈstan; tt-Cyrl, Татарстан Республикасы), or simply Tatarstan (russian: Татарстан, tt ...
'' **********O-Y153434 ***********O-Y153434* ''Shandong'' ***********O-MF76414 ''Chongqing, Skeleton exhumed from a mass grave (2083 +- 27 YBP uncal) located in Nomgon, Ömnögovi, Mongolia'' ******O-F871 *******O-F706 ''Philippines, China, Cambodia, Thailand ( Bru in Sakon Nakhon Province)'' ********O-F1010 ''Thailand ( Eastern Lawa, Blang, Palaung, Khon Mueang from Chiang Rai Province)'' *********O-F1010* ''
Zhejiang Zhejiang ( or , ; , Chinese postal romanization, also romanized as Chekiang) is an East China, eastern, coastal Provinces of China, province of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Hangzhou, and other notable citie ...
'' *********O-Y170907 **********O-Y170907* ''South Korea'' **********O-Y171445 ''Zhejiang, Japan ( Mie)'' ********O-AM01750/AM01861/B451 ''Singapore (Malay), Indonesia (Bajo), Philippines ( Batak)'' *********O-AM01861* ''Spain'' *********O-B450 ''Philippines, Indonesia ( Bajo), Singapore ( Malay)'' **********O-BY157019 ''Mexico ( Jalisco), Micronesia'' *********O-A16139 ''Philippines (
Cebu Cebu (; ceb, Sugbo), officially the Province of Cebu ( ceb, Lalawigan sa Sugbo; tl, Lalawigan ng Cebu; hil, Kapuroan sang Sugbo), is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas region, and consists of a main island and 16 ...
), USA (California)'' *******O-F2472 ********O-F4110 ''Thailand (
Pray Prayer is an invocation or act that seeks to activate a rapport with an object of worship through deliberate communication. In the narrow sense, the term refers to an act of supplication or intercession directed towards a deity or a deified a ...
)'' *********O-F4110* ''Fujian'' *********O-MF1510 **********O-MF1510* ''Tonga ( ʻEua)'' **********O-ACT3918 ''Zhejiang'' ********O-F4124 *********O-F15739 **********O-F14875 ''Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh City),
Xinjiang Xinjiang, SASM/GNC: ''Xinjang''; zh, c=, p=Xīnjiāng; formerly romanized as Sinkiang (, ), officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest ...
( Han)'' *********O-F26088/JST008425p6 ''Japan, Hunan ( Tujia, HGDP01102)'' **********O-A16609 ***********O-MF1232 ''Henan, Fujian (Han)'' *****O-M134: Found frequently among speakers of
Sino-Tibetan languages Sino-Tibetan, also cited as Trans-Himalayan in a few sources, is a family of more than 400 languages, second only to Indo-European in number of native speakers. The vast majority of these are the 1.3 billion native speakers of Chinese languages. ...
, among members of the Kazakh Naiman tribe with a moderate distribution throughout
East Asia East Asia is the eastern region of Asia, which is defined in both Geography, geographical and culture, ethno-cultural terms. The modern State (polity), states of East Asia include China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. ...
and
Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainlan ...
. ******O-Y20/PAGES00125 ''Poland'' *******O-F1725 ********O-F1725* ''Ho Chi Minh City (Kinh)'' ********O-Y31255 *********O-FGC61200 **********O-FGC61200* ''Henan (Han)'' **********O-FGC61168 ''Sichuan'' *********O-A16615/CTS11009 **********O-Y85894 ***********O-Y85894* ''Fujian'' ***********O-Y19010 ''Shandong'' **********O-CTS682/CTS2272 ***********O-BY146675 ''Korean'' ***********O-BY161237 ''Japan (Tokyo, Kanagawa)'' *******O-Y12/F314 ********O-Y12* ''Beijing (Han)'' ********O-CTS2643/CTS11192 *********O-CTS53 **********O-CTS53* ''China'' **********O-CTS6373 ''Hunan (Han), Xishuangbanna (Dai)'' *********O-F876 **********O-F876* ''Henan, Shaanxi'' **********O-Y29829 ''Liaoning'' *********O-F275 **********O-F275* ''Henan, Shandong'' **********O-F14411/CTS1011 ''Japan'' ***********O-Z2037 ''Beijing (Han)'' ***********O-CTS2815 ************O-CTS2815* ''South Korea'' ************O-F700 *************O-F700* ''Hunan, Liaoning, Japan (Tokyo)'' *************O-F14475 ''Hunan (Han)'' **************O-F2505 ***************O-F2505* ''Hebei'' ***************O-MF194 ''Korean, Ho Chi Minh City (Kinh)'' *********O-F634 **********O-F634* ''Shandong'' **********O-F209 ''Beijing (Han)'' ***********O-F1391 ************O-F1391* ''Zhejiang'' ************O-F4117 ''Jiangxi, Sichuan (Han)'' ***********O-A5034 ************O-MF357 *************O-ACT1039 *************O-MF308 ''Korean'' ************O-CTS4266 *************O-F14839 ''Henan (Han)'' *************O-Z26108 **************O-Y30135 ***************O-Y30135* ''Beijing (Han)'' ***************O-F2173 ****************O-F2173* ''Sichuan (Han)'' ****************O-F1458 ''Shandong, Anhui'' **************O-Z26156 ***************O-Z26156* ''Ho Chi Minh City (Kinh)'' ***************O-BY102696 ****************O-BY102696* ''Korean'' ****************O-BY61500 ''Guangdong'' *********O-CTS3776/F2887 **********O-CTS3776* ''Beijing (Han), Fujian (Han), Japan'' **********O-CTS3763 ***********O-CTS4601 ''Fujian'' ***********O-Y7110 ************O-Y13527 *************O-Y13527* ''Beijing (Han)'' *************O-FGC16888/Z38720 ''Taiwan'' **************O-MF805 ''Guizhou, South Korea'' **************O-Y22112 ***************O-FGC16885/FGC16887 ''Kazakhstan'' ************O-Y7111 *************O-MF13415 ''China'' *************O-F4249/SK1769 ''China, South Korea'' **************O-F4249* ''Jiangsu'' **************O-FGC23868 ***************O-FGC23868* ''
Mongol The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal member ...
( Hulunbuir)'' ***************O-FGC23859 ''Jiangsu'' *************O-CTS335 ''Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Gansu'' **************O-CTS335* ''Japan (Tokyo), Xibo'' **************O-Y142071 ***************O-Y142071* ''Anhui'' ***************O-CTS3856 ****************O-CTS3856* ''Beijing (Han)'' ****************O-CTS5741 *****************O-CTS1174 ''Hunan (Han)'' *****************O-F15948 ''Jiangxi, Thailand'' ****** O-M117/PAGE23 *******O-MF1380/CTS4960 ''China, Korea, Japan, Indonesia'' ********O-MF1388 *********O-MF1388* ''North China ( Han), Japan (
Akita is a Japanese name and may refer to: Places * 8182 Akita, a main-belt asteroid * Akita Castle, a Nara period fortified settlement in Akita, Japan * Akita Domain, also known as Kubota Domain, feudal domain in Edo period Japan * Akita, Kumamoto ...
)'' *********O-Y139283 ''Anhui, Guangdong'' ********O-MF2636 *********O-MF2636* ''Chongqing'' *********O-CTS374 ''Jiangsu, Beijing (Han)'' *******O-M133/M1706 ''Shandong'' ********O-M1706* ''Japan (Tokyo)'' ********O-YP4864 *********O-YP4864* ''Korean'' *********O-Z44076 ''Shandong, Philippines (Cebu)'' ********O-CTS7634 *********O-CTS7634* ''Fujian (Han), Beijing (Han), Mongolia (Selenge), Russia'' *********O-F2188 **********O-MF23641 ***********O-MF23641* ''China'' ***********O-Y169190 ''Fujian'' **********O-Y29861 ''Henan, Fujian, Ho Chi Minh City (Kinh)'' **********O-F3039 ''Shandong, Ho Chi Minh City (Kinh), Philippines (Cebu)'' ********O-M1726 *********O-A9457 **********O-A9457* **********O-MF15246 ''Zhejiang, Korean'' **********O-F17158 ***********O-F15367 ************O-F15367* ''Guangdong'' ************O-Y174543 ''Hunan, Japan (Tokyo)'' *********O-CTS9678 **********O-CTS9678* ''Tianjin'' **********O-M1513 ***********O-M1513* ''Shandong'' ***********O-F18746 ''Fujian (Han)'' **********O-Z39663 ''Russia, Liaoning, Shandong, Fujian (Han)'' ********O-A9459 *********O-F6800 **********O-F6800* ''Shanxi'' **********O-Y8389 ***********O-Y8389* ''Japan (Tokyo)'' ***********O-Y9144 ************O-Y9144* ''Guangdong'' ************O-Y8387 *************O-Y8387* ''Shanghai, Chongqing'' *************O-CTS5481 ''Japan (Tokyo), Korean'' *********O-F14249 **********O-F14249* ''Liaoning'' **********O-ACT4506 ''Mongol (Hulunbuir), Guangdong'' **********O-Y81597 ''South Korea, North Korea (North Hamgyong Province)'' **********O-F14347 ***********O-F14347* ''Beijing (Han)'' ***********O-CTS5063 ************O-CTS5063* ''Sichuan, Jiangxi, Fujian'' ************O-Z44927 *************O-Z44927* ''Anhui'' *************O-MF21798 ''Zhejiang, Xishuangbanna (Dai)'' ************O-CTS1154 *************O-CTS1154* ''Fujian, Guangxi'' *************O-Z25902 **************O-Z25902* ''Hebei, Fujian'' **************O-Z42620 ''Fujian, Ho Chi Minh City (Kinh)'' *********O-F438 ''Japan (Tokyo)'' **********O-F438* ''Hunan (Han)'' **********O-Y17728 ***********O-Y17728* ''Beijing (Han), Shandong'' ***********O-Y170157 ''Shandong, Korean'' ***********O-F1754 ************O-F1754* ''Beijing (Han)'' ************O-F2137 *************O-F2137* ''Jiangsu'' *************O-F1123 ''Jilin, Zhejiang'' ***********O-F316 ************O-F316* ''Anhui'' ************O-CTS1304 *************O-CTS1304* ''Jiangsu, Shandong'' *************O-F813 **************O-F813* ''Shandong, Jiangxi, Guangdong'' **************O-Y138426 ''Shandong, Chongqing'' **************O-Y154488 ''Hunan'' **************O-Y20928 ''Henan'' ***************O-Y20928* ''Inner Mongolia, Beijing (Han), Shandong, Anhui'' ***************O-Y174105 ****************O-Y174105* ''Henan'' ****************O-Y137637 ''Shandong, Jiangsu'' *********O-CTS1642 **********O-CTS1642* ''Bangladesh'' **********O-CTS5308 ***********O-CTS5308* ''Beijing (Han)'' ***********O-F20067 ************O-F20067* ''Shannan ( Tibetan)'' ************O-M3873 ''Gansu, Shigatse (Tibetan)'' ***********O-Y34065 ************O-Y34065* ''Northeast India ( Riang)'' ************O-F16227 ''Shigatse (
Sherpa Sherpa may refer to: Ethnography * Sherpa people, an ethnic group in north eastern Nepal * Sherpa language Organizations and companies * Sherpa (association), a French network of jurists dedicated to promoting corporate social responsibility * ...
), Xishuangbanna ( Dai)'' ***********O-MF1012 ************O-MF1012* ''Nyingchi (Tibetan)'' ************O-Y67478 *************O-Y67478* *************O-CTS5672 ''Japanese'' **********O-F14408 ***********O-Y101264 ''Shigatse (Tibetan), Northeast India ( Riang)'' ***********O-F14422 ************O-F14422* ''Northeast India (Riang), Myanmar (Yangon)'' ************O-A9463 *************O-A9463* ''Bangladesh'' *************O-Y34067 ''Northeast India (Riang)'' ************O-F14665 ''Xishuangbanna (Dai), Naxi'' ************O-Y7080 *************O-Y7080* ''Xishuangbanna (Dai), Guangdong'' *************O-ACT1169 ''Guangdong, Fujian'' *************O-Z26030 **************O-Z26030* ''Guangxi'' **************O-F14479 ''Guangdong, Xishuangbanna (Dai), Ho Chi Minh City (Kinh)''


= O-M324 (O2a)

=


= O-F742 (O2b)

=


Language families and genes

Haplogroup O is associated with populations which speak Austric languages. The following is a phylogenetic tree of language families and their corresponding SNP markers, or
haplogroup A haplotype is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent, and a haplogroup (haploid from the el, ἁπλοῦς, ''haploûs'', "onefold, simple" and en, group) is a group of similar haplotypes that share ...
s, sourced mainly from and . This has been called the "
Father Tongue Hypothesis The Father Tongue hypothesis proposes that humans tend to speak their father's language. It is based on the discovery, in 1997, of a closer correlation between language and Y-chromosomal variation than between language and mitochondrial DNA varia ...
" by
George van Driem George "Sjors" van Driem (born 1957) is a Dutch linguist associated with the University of Bern, where he is the chair of Historical Linguistics and directs the Linguistics Institute. Education * Leiden University, 1983–1987 (PhD, ''A Gramma ...
. It does not appear to account for O-M176, which is found among Japanese, Korean, and Manchurian males.


Phylogenetics


Phylogenetic history

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being, above all, timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.


Original Research Publications

The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC Tree.


Phylogenetic trees

ISOGG 2017 tree (ver. 12.244). *O (M175) **O1 (F265/M1354, CTS2866, F75/M1297, F429/M1415, F465/M1422) *** O1a (M119) ****O1a1 (B384/Z23193) *****O1a1a (M307.1/P203.1) ******O1a1a1 (F446) *******O1a1a1a (F140) ********O1a1a1a1 (F78) *********O1a1a1a1a (F81) **********O1a1a1a1a1 (CTS2458) ***********O1a1a1a1a1a (F533) ************O1a1a1a1a1a1 (F492) *************O1a1a1a1a1a1a (F656) **************O1a1a1a1a1a1a1 (A12440) ***************O1a1a1a1a1a1a1a (A12439) **************O1a1a1a1a1a1a2 (A14788) **************O1a1a1a1a1a1a3 (F65) **************O1a1a1a1a1a1a4 (MF1068) **************O1a1a1a1a1a1a5 (Z23482) *************O1a1a1a1a1a1b (FGC66168) **************O1a1a1a1a1a1b1 (CTS11553) *************O1a1a1a1a1a1c (Y31266) **************O1a1a1a1a1a1c1 (Y31261) *************O1a1a1a1a1a1d (A12441) *************O1a1a1a1a1a1e (MF1071) **************O1a1a1a1a1a1e1 (MF1074) ************O1a1a1a1a1a2 (CTS4585) **********O1a1a1a1a2 (MF1075) ********O1a1a1a2 (YP4610/Z39229) *********O1a1a1a2a (AM00330/AMM480/B386) **********O1a1a1a2a1 (AM00333/AMM483/B387) ***********O1a1a1a2a1a (B388) *********O1a1a1a2b (SK1555) *******O1a1a1b (SK1568/Z23420) ********O1a1a1b1 (M101) ********O1a1a1b2 (Z23392) *********O1a1a1b2a (Z23442) **********O1a1a1b2a1 (SK1571) ******O1a1a2 (CTS52) *******O1a1a2a (CTS701) ********O1a1a2a1 (K644/Z23266) *****O1a1b (CTS5726) ****O1a2 (M110) *****O1a2a (F3288) ******O1a2a1 (B392) *******O1a2a1a (B393) ****O1a3 (Page109) *** O1b (M268) ****O1b1 (F2320) *****O1b1a (M1470) ******O1b1a1 (PK4) ******* O1b1a1a (M95) ********O1b1a1a1 (F1803/M1348) *********O1b1a1a1a (F1252) **********O1b1a1a1a1 (F2924) ***********O1b1a1a1a1a (M111) ************O1b1a1a1a1a1 (F2758) *************O1b1a1a1a1a1a (Z24083) **************O1b1a1a1a1a1a1 (Z24089) ***************O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a (F923) ****************O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a1 (CTS2022) *****************O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a1a (F1399) ******************O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a1a1 (F2415) ****************O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a2 (Z24131) ****************O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a3 (Z24100) ***************O1b1a1a1a1a1a1b (SK1627/Z24091) ****************O1b1a1a1a1a1a1b1 (Z39410) **************O1b1a1a1a1a1a2 (Z24088) ************O1b1a1a1a1a2 (F2890) *************O1b1a1a1a1a2a (Z24048) **************O1b1a1a1a1a2a1 (Z24050) *************O1b1a1a1a1a2b (Z24014) ***********O1b1a1a1a1b (CTS5854) ************O1b1a1a1a1b1 (Z23810) *************O1b1a1a1a1b1a (CTS7399) **************O1b1a1a1a1b1a1 (FGC19713/Y14026) ***************O1b1a1a1a1b1a1a (Z23849) ****************O1b1a1a1a1b1a1a1 (FGC61038) *************O1b1a1a1a1b1b (CTS651) **************O1b1a1a1a1b1b1 (CTS9884) ************O1b1a1a1a1b2 (F4229) *************O1b1a1a1a1b2a (F809) **************O1b1a1a1a1b2a1 (F2517) **********O1b1a1a1a2 (SK1630) ***********O1b1a1a1a2a (SK1636) *********O1b1a1a1b (F789/M1283) **********O1b1a1a1b1 (FGC29900/Y9322/Z23667) ***********O1b1a1a1b1a (B426/FGC29896/Y9033/Z23671) ************O1b1a1a1b1a1 (FGC29907/YP3930) ************O1b1a1a1b1a2 (B427/Z23680) ***********O1b1a1a1b1b (Z39485) ***********O1b1a1a1b1c (B418) **********O1b1a1a1b2 (SK1646) ********O1b1a1a2 (CTS350) ********O1b1a1a3 (Page103) *******O1b1a1b (F838) ********O1b1a1b1 (F1199) ******O1b1a2 (Page59) *******O1b1a2a (F993) ********O1b1a2a1 (F1759) *********O1b1a2a1a (CTS1127) *******O1b1a2b (F417/M1654) ********O1b1a2b1 (F840) *********O1b1a2b1a (F1127) ********O1b1a2b2 (CTS1451) *******O1b1a2c (CTS9996) **** O1b2 (P49, M176) *****O1b2a (F1942/Page92) ******O1b2a1 (CTS9259) *******O1b2a1a (F1204) ********O1b2a1a1 (CTS713) *********O1b2a1a1a (CTS1875) **********O1b2a1a1a1 (CTS10682) *********O1b2a1a1b (Z24598) *********O1b2a1a1c (CTS203) ********O1b2a1a2 (F2868) *********O1b2a1a2a (L682) **********O1b2a1a2a1 (CTS723) ***********O1b2a1a2a1a (CTS7620) ***********O1b2a1a2a1b (A12446) ************O1b2a1a2a1b1 (PH40) *********O1b2a1a2b (F940) ********O1b2a1a3 (CTS10687) *********O1b2a1a3a (CTS1215) *******O1b2a1b (CTS562) ******O1b2a2 (Page90) ** O2 (M122) ***O2a (M324) ****O2a1 (L127.1) *****O2a1a (F1876/Page127) ******O2a1a1 (F2159) *******O2a1a1a (F1867/Page124) ********O2a1a1a1 (F852) *********O2a1a1a1a (F2266) **********O2a1a1a1a1 (L599) ***********O2a1a1a1a1a (Z43961) ************O2a1a1a1a1a1 (Z43963) *********O2a1a1a1b (F854) **********O2a1a1a1b1 (Z43966) *********O2a1a1a1c (Page130) *******O2a1a1b (F915) ********O2a1a1b1 (F1478) *********O2a1a1b1a (PF5390) **********O2a1a1b1a1 (CTS1936) **********O2a1a1b1a1a (Z43975) **********O2a1a1b1a2 (FGC33994) *****O2a1b (M164) *****O2a1c (IMS-JST002611) ******O2a1c1 (F18) *******O2a1c1a (F117) ********O2a1c1a1 (F13) *********O2a1c1a1a (F11) **********O2a1c1a1a1 (F632) ***********O2a1c1a1a1a (F110/M11115) ************O2a1c1a1a1a1 (F17) *************O2a1c1a1a1a1a (F377) **************O2a1c1a1a1a1a1 (F1095) ***************O2a1c1a1a1a1a1a (F856) ****************O2a1c1a1a1a1a1a1 (F1418) ****************O2a1c1a1a1a1a1a2 (Z25097) **************O2a1c1a1a1a1a2 (CTS7501) *************O2a1c1a1a1a1b (F793) ************O2a1c1a1a1a2 (Y20951) *************O2a1c1a1a1a2a (Y20932) **********O2a1c1a1a2 (F38) **********O2a1c1a1a3 (F12) **********O2a1c1a1a4 (F930) ***********O2a1c1a1a4a (F2685) **********O2a1c1a1a5 (F1365/M5420/PF1558) ***********O2a1c1a1a5a (Y15976) ************O2a1c1a1a5a1 (Y16154) *************O2a1c1a1a5a1a (Y26383) **************O2a1c1a1a5a1a1 (SK1686) ***********O2a1c1a1a5b (FGC54486) ************O2a1c1a1a5b1 (FGC54507) **********O2a1c1a1a6 (CTS12877) ***********O2a1c1a1a6a (F2527) ************O2a1c1a1a6a1 (CTS5409) ************O2a1c1a1a6a2 (F2941) **********O2a1c1a1a7 (F723) **********O2a1c1a1a8 (CTS2107) **********O2a1c1a1a9 (SK1691) *********O2a1c1a1b (PH203) *******O2a1c1b (F449) ********O2a1c1b1 (F238) *********O2a1c1b1a (F134) **********O2a1c1b1a1 (F1273) **********O2a1c1b1a2 (F724) ********O2a1c1b2 (F1266) *******O2a1c1c (CTS498) ******O2a1c2 (FGC3750/SK1673) ****O2a2 (IMS-JST021354/P201) *****O2a2a (M188) ******O2a2a1 (F2588) *******O2a2a1a (CTS445) ********O2a2a1a1 (CTS201) *********O2a2a1a1a (M159/Page96) ********O2a2a1a2 (M7) *********O2a2a1a2a (F1276) **********O2a2a1a2a1 (CTS6489) ***********O2a2a1a2a1a (F1275) ************O2a2a1a2a1a1 (M113) ************O2a2a1a2a1a2 (N5) ************O2a2a1a2a1a3 (Z25400) **********O2a2a1a2a2 (F1863) ***********O2a2a1a2a2a (F1134) ************O2a2a1a2a2a1 (F1262) *********O2a2a1a2b (Y26403) *******O2a2a1b (F1837) ******O2a2a2 (F879) *******O2a2a2a (F1226) ********O2a2a2a1 (F2859) *****O2a2b (P164) ******O2a2b1 (M134) *******O2a2b1a (F450/M1667) ********O2a2b1a1 (M117/Page23) *********O2a2b1a1a (M133) **********O2a2b1a1a1 (F438) ***********O2a2b1a1a1a (Y17728) ************O2a2b1a1a1a1 (F155) *************O2a2b1a1a1a1a (F813/M6539) **************O2a2b1a1a1a1a1 (Y20928) ************O2a2b1a1a1a2 (F1754) *************O2a2b1a1a1a2a (F2137) **************O2a2b1a1a1a2a1 (F1442) ***************O2a2b1a1a1a2a1a (F1123) ****************O2a2b1a1a1a2a1a1 (F1369) **************O2a2b1a1a1a2a2 (A16636) ************O2a2b1a1a1a3 (Z25907) **********O2a2b1a1a2 (FGC23469/Z25852) ***********O2a2b1a1a2a (F310) ************O2a2b1a1a2a1 (F402) *************O2a2b1a1a2a1a (F1531) **********O2a2b1a1a3 (CTS7634) ***********O2a2b1a1a3a (F317) ************O2a2b1a1a3a1 (F3039) ************O2a2b1a1a3a2 (Y29861) ***********O2a2b1a1a3b (CTS5488) **********O2a2b1a1a4 (Z25853) ***********O2a2b1a1a4a (CTS5492) ************O2a2b1a1a4a1 (CTS6987) *************O2a2b1a1a4a1a (Z42620) ************O2a2b1a1a4a2 ( F20963) **********O2a2b1a1a5 (CTS10738/M1707) ***********O2a2b1a1a5a (CTS9678) ************O2a2b1a1a5a1 (Z39663) ************O2a2b1a1a5a2 (M1513) ***********O2a2b1a1a5b (A9457) ************O2a2b1a1a5b1 (F17158) **********O2a2b1a1a6 (CTS4658) ***********O2a2b1a1a6a (CTS5308) ***********O2a2b1a1a6b (Z25928) ************O2a2b1a1a6b1 (SK1730/Z25982) *************O2a2b1a1a6b1a (Z26030) *************O2a2b1a1a6b1b (Z26010) ************O2a2b1a1a6b2 (A9462) ************O2a2b1a1a6b3 (B456) **********O2a2b1a1a7 (YP4864) ***********O2a2b1a1a7a (Z44068) ************O2a2b1a1a7a1 (F5525/SK1748) ***********O2a2b1a1a7b (Z44071) **********O2a2b1a1a8 (Z44091) ***********O2a2b1a1a8a (Z44092) *********O2a2b1a1b (CTS4960) ********O2a2b1a2 (F114) *********O2a2b1a2a (F79) **********O2a2b1a2a1 (F46/Y15) ***********O2a2b1a2a1a (FGC16847/Z26091) ************O2a2b1a2a1a1 (F48) *************O2a2b1a2a1a1a (F152) **************O2a2b1a2a1a1a1 (F2505) *************O2a2b1a2a1a1b (CTS3149) ************O2a2b1a2a1a2 (F242) *************O2a2b1a2a1a2a (CTS4266) **************O2a2b1a2a1a2a1 (Z26108) ***************O2a2b1a2a1a2a1a (F2173) ************O2a2b1a2a1a3 (F2887) *************O2a2b1a2a1a3a (F3607) **************O2a2b1a2a1a3a1 (F3525) *************O2a2b1a2a1a3b (CTS3763) **************O2a2b1a2a1a3b1 (A9472) **************O2a2b1a2a1a3b2 (FGC16863/Y7110) ***************O2a2b1a2a1a3b2a (L1360) ****************O2a2b1a2a1a3b2a1 (FGC16889) ***************O2a2b1a2a1a3b2b (SK1768/Y7112/Z26257) ****************O2a2b1a2a1a3b2b1 (F4249) *****************O2a2b1a2a1a3b2b1a (FGC23868) ****************O2a2b1a2a1a3b2b2 (CTS335) ***********O2a2b1a2a1b (CTS53) ************O2a2b1a2a1b1 (CTS6373) *************O2a2b1a2a1b1a (A9473) ***********O2a2b1a2a1c (F3386) ***********O2a2b1a2a1d (Y29828) ************O2a2b1a2a1d1 (F735) *************O2a2b1a2a1d1a (FGC34973) *************O2a2b1a2a1d1b (F1739) *********O2a2b1a2b (F743) **********O2a2b1a2b1 (CTS8481) ***********O2a2b1a2b1a (CTS4325) ************O2a2b1a2b1a1 (A16629) ************O2a2b1a2b1a2 (CTS682) **********O2a2b1a2b2 (F748) ***********O2a2b1a2b2a (F728) *********O2a2b1a2c (Page101) ******O2a2b2 (AM01822/F3223) *******O2a2b2a (AM01856/F871) ********O2a2b2a1 (N7) *********O2a2b2a1a (F4110) **********O2a2b2a1a1 (F4068) **********O2a2b2a1a2 (SK1780) *********O2a2b2a1b (F4124) **********O2a2b2a1b1 (IMS-JST008425p6) **********O2a2b2a1b2 (BY15188) ***********O2a2b2a1b2a (F16411) ********O2a2b2a2 (AM01845/F706) *********O2a2b2a2a (F717) **********O2a2b2a2a1 (F3612) **********O2a2b2a2a2 (SK1783) *********O2a2b2a2b (AM01847/B451) **********O2a2b2a2b1 (A17418) **********O2a2b2a2b2 (AM01756) ***********O2a2b2a2b2a (B450) ***********O2a2b2a2b2b (AM00472/B452) ************O2a2b2a2b2b1 (F18942) ***********O2a2b2a2b2c (A16427) *******O2a2b2b (A16433) ********O2a2b2b1 (A16438) *********O2a2b2b1a (SK1775) **********O2a2b2b1a1 (SK1774) *********O2a2b2b1b (A16440) ****O2a3 (M300) ****O2a4 (M333) ***O2b (F742) ****O2b1 (F1150) *****O2b1a (F837) ******O2b1a1 (F1025) ****O2b2 (F1055) *****O2b2a (F3021)


See also


Genetics


Y-DNA O subclades


Y-DNA backbone tree


Notes


References


Sources for conversion tables

* * * * * * * *


Further reading

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *


External links

* * * {{cite web, author=TMC, title=Genetic Findings Support 'Out of Africa' Theory, year=1998, url=http://www.tmc.edu/tmcnews/10_15_98/page_08.html, url-status=dead, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091010154434/http://www.tmc.edu/tmcnews/10_15_98/page_08.html, archive-date=2009-10-10
Spread of Haplogroup O
from The Genographic Project, '' National Geographic''
Y-DNA Phylogenetic Tree of Haplogroup O
(DNAHaplogroups.org)

an
the full size mapChina DNA
at
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