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A numismatist is a specialist in
numismatics Numismatics is the study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper money, medals and related objects. Specialists, known as numismatists, are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, but the discipline also inc ...
("of coins"; from
Late Latin Late Latin ( la, Latinitas serior) is the scholarly name for the form of Literary Latin of late antiquity.Roberts (1996), p. 537. English dictionary definitions of Late Latin date this period from the , and continuing into the 7th century in t ...
''numismatis'', genitive of ''numisma''). Numismatists include collectors, specialist dealers, and scholars who use coins and other currency in object-based research. Although use of the term numismatics was first recorded in English in 1799, people had been collecting and studying coins long before this, all over the world. The first group chiefly derives pleasure from the simple ownership of monetary devices and studying these coins as private amateur scholars. In the classical field amateur collector studies have achieved quite remarkable progress in the field. Examples are
Walter Breen Walter Henry Breen Jr. (September 5, 1928 – April 27, 1993) was an American numismatist, writer, and convicted child sex offender; as well as the husband of author Marion Zimmer Bradley. He was known among coin collectors for writing ''Wa ...
, a well-known example of a noted numismatist who was not an avid collector, and King
Farouk I of Egypt Farouk I (; ar, فاروق الأول ''Fārūq al-Awwal''; 11 February 1920 – 18 March 1965) was the tenth ruler of Egypt from the Muhammad Ali dynasty and the penultimate King of Egypt and the Sudan, succeeding his father, Fuad I, in 193 ...
was an avid collector who had very little interest in numismatics. Harry Bass by comparison was a noted collector who was also a numismatist. The second group are the coin dealers. Often called professional numismatists, they authenticate or grade coins for commercial purposes. The buying and selling of coin collections by numismatists who are professional dealers advance the study of money, and expert numismatists are consulted by historians, museum curators, and archaeologists. See, for example, the International Association of Professional Numismatists (IAPN) and the British Numismatic Trade Association (BNTA). The third category are scholar numismatists working in public collections, universities or as independent scholars acquiring knowledge about monetary devices, their systems, their economy and their historical context. Coins are especially relevant as a source in the pre-modern period.


Training and recognition

There are very few academic institutions around the world that offer formal training in numismatics. Some may offer numismatics as part of a course in classical studies, ancient history, history or archaeology. Scholar numismatists may focus on numismatics at the postgraduate level, where the training is more research-based. As a result, most scholar numismatists will approach numismatics from within another academic discipline (e.g. history, archaeology, ancient or modern languages, metal sciences), perhaps after attending a numismatic summer school, usually based where there is an excellent coin collection. Recognition of scholarly numismatic expertise may be in the form of a postgraduate qualification, and/or in the form of a medal awarded by a numismatic society: for example, the
Medal of the Royal Numismatic Society The Medal of the Royal Numismatic Society was first awarded in 1883. It is awarded by the Royal Numismatic Society and is one of the highest markers of recognition given to numismatists. The President and Council award the Medal annually to an "in ...
, which may be awarded to scholar numismatists of any nationality. Donald H. Kagin earned the first PhD in Numismatics granted in the United States in 1979. Numismatic institutes *The Institute for Numismatics and History of Money Vienna (Austria) * Indian Institute for Research in Numismatic Studies, Nasik (India) *International Centre for Numismatic Studies, Naples (Italy) Numismatic summer schools * American Numismatic Association Summer Seminar * American Numismatic Society *
British Museum The British Museum is a public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture located in the Bloomsbury area of London. Its permanent collection of eight million works is among the largest and most comprehensive in existence. It docum ...
*
Radboud University Nijmegen Radboud University (abbreviated as RU, nl, Radboud Universiteit , formerly ''Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen'') is a public research university located in Nijmegen, the Netherlands. The university bears the name of Saint Radboud, a 9th century ...
(RU) and the Netherlands Institute at Athens (NIA) Summer School


Numismatic organizations (selection)

*
American Numismatic Association The American Numismatic Association (ANA) is an organization founded in 1891 by George Francis Heath. Located in Colorado Springs, Colorado, it was formed to advance the knowledge of numismatics (the study of coins) along educational, histori ...
* American Numismatic Society * (Spanish Numismatic Society) *British Art Medal Society *British Association of Numismatic Societies *
British Numismatic Society The British Numismatic Society (BNS) is an organisation for promoting and realization of the study of British coins and medals. It was founded in 1903. Publications Its principal publication is the ''British Numismatic Journal'', (published fro ...
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International Bank Note Society Notaphily is the study and collection of paper currency, and banknotes. A notaphilist is a collector of banknotes or paper money, particularly as a hobby. History It is believed that people have been collecting paper money for as long as it ha ...
* International Numismatic Council organises the International Numismatic Congress, and publishes the ''Survey of Numismatic Research''. *Israel Numismatic Society * (Royal Dutch Numismatic Society) *Money and Medals Network (UK) * (Berlin Numismatic Society) *Oriental Numismatic Society * (Austrian Numismatic Society) *
Royal Numismatic Society The Royal Numismatic Society (RNS) is a learned society and charity based in London, United Kingdom which promotes research into all branches of numismatics. Its patron was Queen Elizabeth II. Membership Foremost collectors and researchers, bo ...
(UK) *Schweizerische Numismatische Gesellschaft/Société Suisse de Numismatique/Società Svizzera di Numismatica/
Swiss Numismatic Society The Swiss Numismatic Society (SNS ; ''Schweizerische Numismatische Rundschau'' in German) was founded in 1879 and is a registered non-profit organization. It is the overall Swiss association of individuals and institutions with an interest in anc ...
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Società Numismatica Italiana The Italian Numismatic Society (''Società numismatica italiana'') is an Italian cultural association for the study of numismatics and for the promotion and spread of studies "relating to coins, tesserae, coin weights, medals and seals". Based i ...
(Italian Numismatic Society) * Royal Numismatic Society of Belgium (Société Royale de Numismatique de Belgique) * (French Numismatic Society) * (Swedish Numismatic Society)


Biographical resources

As scholar numismatists work on coins (and related objects) within their particular area of interest (e.g. a particular part of the world, a particular period of history, or a particular culture), they are often known in those fields, as well as in numismatics. Biographical resources relating specifically to numismatists include the following: *Manville, H.E., ''Biographical Dictionary of British and Irish Numismatics'', Encyclopaedia of British Numismatics. Volume IV (London, 2009) *Smith, Pete:, ''American Numismatic Biographies'' (1992). *"Numismatic Who's Who", in ''Coins Weekly''. *de Callataÿ, F., ''Portraits of Famous Numismatists who died before 1800'' *de Callataÿ, F., ''Portraits of Famous Numismatists who died after 1800'' *''Famous Numismatists - Les grands numismates'', on the International Numismatic Council webpage *''Encyclopedic Dictionary of Numismatic Biographies'' - focus on American numismatists *''Numismatics - Biographical Information'', on The E-Sylum


List of scholar numismatists

* Richard Abdy * Mikhail Abramzon * Carmen Alfaro Asins (1952–2005) * Andreas Alföldi (1895–1981) * R. Alföldi * Martin Allen (numismatist) * Michael Alram * Michel Amandry * Ermanno A Arslan * Philip Attwood * Augusto Carlos Teixeira de Aragão * Marion Archibald (1935–2016) * Carmen Arnold-Biucchi * Simone Assemani (1752–1820) * Ernest Babelon (1854–1924) *
Churchill Babington Churchill Babington (; 11 March 182112 January 1889) was an English classical scholar, archaeologist and naturalist. He served as Rector of Cockfield, Suffolk. He was a cousin of Cardale Babington. Life He was born at Rothley Temple, in Leic ...
* Paul Balog * Anselmo Banduri *
Jean-Jacques Barthélemy Garde du Cabinet du roi Jean-Jacques is a French name, equivalent to "John James" in English. Since the second half of 18th century, Jean Jacques Rousseau was widely known as Jean Jacques. Notable people bearing this name include: Given name * Jean-Jacques Annaud (born 19 ...
(1754–1795) * Pierre Bastien (1912–2010) *
Georges Bataille Georges Albert Maurice Victor Bataille (; ; 10 September 1897 – 9 July 1962) was a French philosopher and intellectual working in philosophy, literature, sociology, anthropology, and history of art. His writing, which included essays, novels ...
* Khadijeh (Zohrer) Baseri * G. Belloni * Peter Berghaus (1919–2012) * Jacob de Bie * Mark Blackburn (1953–2011) *
Roger Bland Roger Farrant Bland, (born 3 April 1955) is a British curator and numismatist. At the British Museum, he served as Keeper of the Department of Portable Antiquities and Treasure from 2005 to 2013, Keeper of the Department of Prehistory and Europ ...
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Osmund Bopearachchi Osmund Bopearachchi (born 1949) is a Sri Lankan historian and numismatist who has specialized notably standardized the coinage of the Indo-Greek and Greco-Bactrian kingdoms. He is currently Emeritus Director of the CNRS at the École Normale Sup ...
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Bartolomeo Borghesi Bartolomeo (also Bartolommeo) Borghesi (11 July 178116 April 1860) was an Italian antiquarian who was a key figure in establishing the science of numismatics. He was born at Savignano, near Rimini, and studied at Bologna and Rome. Having weaken ...
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Howard Franklin Bowker Howard Franklin Bowker (1889-1970) was a numismatist and philatelist, collecting and specialising in Chinese coins, stamps and banknotes. He created the first bibliography of Western language publications on East Asian numismatics. Family life Ho ...
* Robert Bracey *
Pierre-Napoléon Breton Pierre-Napoléon Breton (1858-1917), was an early Canadian numismatist A numismatist is a specialist in numismatics ("of coins"; from Late Latin ''numismatis'', genitive of ''numisma''). Numismatists include collectors, specialist dealers, and sc ...
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Agnes Baldwin Brett Agnes Baldwin Brett (née Baldwin, 1876–1955) was an American numismatist and archaeologist who worked as the Curator at the American Numismatic Society from 1910 to 1913. She was the first paid curator at the American Numismatic Society. She ...
* Andrew Brown *
Guido Bruck Guido Bruck (11 November 1920, Vienna – 13 March 1966, Melk) was an Austrian Numismatist In 1948, he obtained his Doctorate in Philosophy. In the same year, he was appointed to the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna where he worked as a cura ...
* Patrick Bruun *
Guillaume Budé Guillaume Budé (; Latinized as Guilielmus Budaeus; 1468 – 1540) was a French scholar and humanist. He was involved in the founding of Collegium Trilingue, which later became the Collège de France. Budé was also the first keeper of the ...
* Andrew Burnett * Aleksander Bursche * Kevin Butcher * Herbert A. Cahn (1915–2002) * Mando Caramessini-Oeconomides (1927–2015) * Dario Calomino * Ian Carradice * Francesco Carelli * Robert Carson (1918–2006) * Karel Castelin * Gabriele Lancillotto Castelli (1727–1792) *
Celestino Cavedoni Celestino Cavedoni (18 May 1795 at Levizzano-Rangone, near Modena – 26 November 1865 in Modena) was an Italian ecclesiastic, archeologist, and numismatist. He pursued his theological studies in the diocesan seminary, and from 1816 to 1821 disting ...
* Secondina Lorenza Cesano (1879–1973) * Elvira Clain-Stefanelli (1914–2001) *
Joan Clarke Joan Elisabeth Lowther Murray, MBE (''née'' Clarke; 24 June 1917 – 4 September 1996) was an English cryptanalyst and numismatist best known for her work as a code-breaker at Bletchley Park during the Second World War. Although she did no ...
* Henry Cohen * Barrie Cook * Esprit-Marie Cousinéry (1747–1833). *
Michael Crawford Michael Patrick Smith, (born 19 January 1942), known professionally as Michael Crawford, is an English tenor, actor and comedian. Crawford is best known for playing both the hapless Frank Spencer in the sitcom '' Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em'' a ...
*
Joe Cribb Joe Cribb is a numismatist, specialising in Asian coinages, and in particular on coins of the Kushan Empire. His catalogues of Chinese silver currency ingots, and of ritual coins of Southeast Asia were the first detailed works on these subjects ...
* Sylvester Sage Crosby (1831–1914) * M. Crusafont i Sabater * Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis * Hermann Dannenberg (1824–1905) * François de Callatay * Elena Abramovna Davidovich * G. Demski * Georges Depeyrot * Amelia Dowler * Théophile Marion Dumersan * Joseph Hilarius Eckhel (1737–1798) * Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher *
Elizabeth Errington Elizabeth Errington is a specialist on the archaeology of Gandhara and the collections of Charles Masson, and a numismatist specialising in Asian coins. Biography Errington grew up in Potchefstroom in South Africa and gained a diploma at the Jo ...
* Warren Esty *
Helen Farquhar Helen Laura Farquhar (1859 – 1953) was a British numismatist and a founder member of the British Numismatic Society in 1903. Farquhar served on the British Numismatic Society Council many times from 1910-1946 and was Vice-President at various ...
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Giuseppe Fiorelli Giuseppe Fiorelli (7 June 1823 – 28 January 1896) was an Italian archaeologist. His excavations at Pompeii helped preserve the city. Biography Fiorelli was born on 7 June 1823 in Naples. His initial work at Pompeii was completed in 1848. He ...
* Martin Folkes * Julius Friedländer * Nina Andreevna Frolova (1936–2015) *
Andrea Fulvio Andrea Fulvio (in his Latin publications and correspondence Andreas Fulvius; c. 1470–1527) was an Italian Renaissance humanist, poet and antiquarian active in Rome, who advised Raphael Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, better known as Raphael ...
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Raffaele Garrucci Raffaele Garrucci (22 January 1812 – 5 May 1885) was a historian of Christian art. He was born in Naples to a wealthy family, entered the Society of Jesus at the age of fifteen, and was professed on 19 March 1853. He devoted himself to the study ...
* H.U. Geiger * A. Geiser * Girish Chandra * Shpresa Gjongecaj *
Francesco Gnecchi Francesco Gnecchi (8 September 1847, Milan – 15 June 1919, Rome) was an Italian painter and numismatist. Biography Born into a wealthy family in the silk trade, the artist initially studied law at the University of Pavia before enlisting as a v ...
* Giovanni Gorini * Michael Grant (1914–2004) *
Philip Grierson Philip Grierson, FBA (15 November 1910 – 15 January 2006) was a British historian and numismatist, emeritus professor of numismatics at Cambridge University and a fellow of Gonville and Caius College for over seventy years. During his long an ...
(1910–2006) *
Claude Gros de Boze Claude Gros de Boze (28 January 1680 – 10 September 1753) was a French scholar and numismatist. Biography De Boze was born at Lyon. Studying in Lyon and Paris, and settling in the latter around 1700, he gained the support of Nicolas-Joseph ...
* P.L. Gupta (Parmeshwari Lal Gupta) (1914–2001) * Tony Hackens * Wolfgang Hahn * Nicola Francesco Haym (1678–1729) * Barclay Vincent Head (1844–1914) *
Stefan Heidemann Stefan Heidemann (born 1961 in Versmold in Westphalia) is a German orientalist at Hamburg University, Hamburg. Biography Islamic studies including Islamic Art and economics in Regensburg, Berlin, Damascus and Cairo 1982–1993; Ph.D. in I ...
* David Hendin * George Hill (1867–1948) * Thomas Hockenhull * Chris Howgego * Octavian Iliescu (1919–2009) * Lutz Ilisch * Peter Ilisch * Friedrich Imhoof-Blumer (1838–1920) * Lyce Jankowski * Kenneth Jenkins (1918–2005) * A. Johnston *
Mark Jones (museum director) Sir Mark Ellis Powell Jones (born 5 February 1951) is a British art historian, numismatist and museum director. He was Master of St Cross College, Oxford, from 2011-2016. Previously, from 2001 to 2011, he was director of the Victoria and Alber ...
* Hans-Jörg Kellner (1920–2015) * John Kent (1928–2000) * Ryszard Kiersnowski (1925–2006) *
Ulrich Klein Ulrich (), is a German given name, derived from Old High German ''Uodalrich'', ''Odalric''. It is composed of the elements '' uodal-'' meaning "(noble) heritage" and ''-rich'' meaning "rich, powerful". Attested from the 8th century as the name of ...
* Koray Konuk * Andrzej Kunisz * Jean Lafaurie (1914–2008) *
Georges Le Rider Georges Charles Le Rider (27 January 1928 – 3 July 2014) was a French historian, librarian and administrator, a specialist in Greek numismatics, who headed the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris. He had a filial relationship with Henri A ...
(1928–2014) * Ivar Leimus * Nicholas Lowick * George MacDonald (1862–1940) * Brita Malmer (1925–2013) * Joel L. Malter * Harold Mattingly *
Nicholas Mayhew Nicholas Julian Mayhew (Nick Mayhew) is Emeritus Professor of Numismatics and Monetary History, at the Ashmolean Museum, specialising in British and European medieval monetary history and numismatics. He was formerly Deputy Director (Collections ...
* Andrew Meadows * Tony Merson (1950–2016) * Ya'akov Meshorer (1935–2004) *
Michael Metcalf David Michael Metcalf (8 May 1933 – 25 October 2018) was a British academic and numismatist. He was the director of the Heberden Coin Room of the Ashmolean Museum, a fellow of Wolfson College and Professor of Numismatics at the University of ...
* William Metcalf * Vincenco Mirabella (1570–1624) * Jens-Christian Moesgaard *
Theodor Mommsen Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen (; 30 November 1817 – 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician and archaeologist. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest classicists of the 19th centur ...
* T. Sam N. Moorhead *
Cécile Morrisson Cécile Morrisson (born 16 June 1940) is a French historian and numismatist. She is Director of Research emeritus at the French National Center for Scientific Research and specializes in the study of the Byzantine Empire. Biography Cécile Morr ...
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B. N. Mukherjee Bratindra Nath Mukherjee (1 January 1932 – 4 April 2013) was an Indian historian, numismatist, epigraphist and iconographist, known for his scholarship in central Asian languages such as Sogdian. He was a Carmichael Professor of Ancient Ind ...
(1932–2013) *
A. K. Narain Awadh Kishore Narain (A. K. Narain, 28 May 1925 – 10 July 2013) was an Indian historian, numismatist and archaeologist, who published and lectured extensively on the subjects related to South and Central Asia. He was well known for his book ...
(1925–2013) * Edward T. Newell * Eric P. Newman *
Rosa Norström Rosa Norström (13 November 1860 - 24 May 1944) was a Swedish numismatist and museum curator at the Economy Museum - Royal Coin Cabinet, Royal Coin Cabinet, who published an account of the discovery of a hoard of 646 Roman denarii in Gotland. ...
* Ernest Oberlaender *
Carlo Ottavio, Count Castiglione Count Carlo Ottavio Castiglioni (1784-1849) was an Italian philologist and numismatist. Life He was born of an ancient family at Milan, Italy, in 1784. He was descended from Baldassare Castiglione, the author of ''Il Cortegiano''. Early in life ...
* Bernhard Overbeck (1942–2018) * Filippo Paruta (–1629) * Vasiliki Penna (1951–2018) *
Pippa Pearce Philippa Mary Pearce is a senior conservator at the British Museum. She is particularly known for her work on coin hoards found in England and was awarded an MBE for services to metal conservation in 2018. She has worked on most of the coin hoards ...
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Elizabeth Pirie Elizabeth Jean Elphinstone Pirie (14 September 1932 – 1 March 2005) was a British numismatist specialising in ninth-century Northumbrian coinage, and museum curator, latterly as Keeper of Archaeology at Leeds City Museum from 1960–91. She wr ...
* Arent Pol * Adrian Popescu * * Vsevolod M. Potin (1918–2005) * Constantin Preda (1925–2008) * Martin Price (numismatist) * P.P. Ripolles * Louis Robert * Anne Strachan Robertson (1910–1997) *
Desiré-Raoul Rochette Desiré-Raoul Rochette (March 6, 1790 – July 3, 1854), was a French archaeologist. Born at Saint-Amand in the department of Cher, Raoul Rochette received his education at Bourges. In 1810, he obtained a chair of grammar in the Lyceum Louis-le- ...
* A. Rovelli *
Joaquín Rubio y Muñoz Joaquín Rubio y Muñoz (27 July 1788 – 30 November 1874) was a Spanish lawyer who was a noted antiquarian and numismatist in the city of Cádiz, Spain. He built up a library of manuscripts and rare books and in particular was known for his exten ...
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Eduard Rüppell Wilhelm Peter Eduard Simon Rüppell (20 November 1794 – 10 December 1884) was a German naturalist and explorer. Rüppell is occasionally transliterated to "Rueppell" for the English alphabet, due to german orthography. Biography Rüppell was b ...
* Andrea Saccoci *
Antonio Salinas Antonio Salinas is a Mexican dancer, choreographer and stage actor. He has studied and collaborated with Mexican and international artists and has taught in a number of universities at home and abroad. In 1999, he was named one of the best dancers ...
* Simone Scheers * Gustave Schlumberger * Edith Schönert-Geiß * Dietrich W.H. Schwarz (1913–2000)https://www.inc-cin.org/obituaries.html * Jirí Sejbal (1929–2004) * Charles Seltman * Camillo Serafini * Jules Silvestre (1841–1918) * Adolf Soetbeer * Dmitry Sontsov * Frederic Soret * Attilo Stazio (1923–2010) * Johann Gustav Stickel *
Stanislaw Suchodolski Stanislav and variants may refer to: People *Stanislav (given name), a Slavic given name with many spelling variations (Stanislaus, Stanislas, Stanisław, etc.) Places * Stanislav, a coastal village in Kherson, Ukraine * Stanislaus County, Ca ...
* Charles Surasky *
Ioannis Svoronos Ioannis N. Svoronos ( el, Ιωάννης Ν. Σβορώνος; Mykonos, 15 April 1863 – Athens, 25 August 1922) was a Greek archaeologist and numismatist. Life Ioannis Svoronos was born in 1863 on the island of Mykonos. After completing school ...
(1863–1922) * Francois Thierry (numismatist) * Rudi Thomsen (1918–2004) * *
Victor Tourneur The name Victor or Viktor may refer to: * Victor (name), including a list of people with the given name, mononym, or surname Arts and entertainment Film * ''Victor'' (1951 film), a French drama film * ''Victor'' (1993 film), a French sho ...
* Lucia Travaini * Oluf Gerhard Tychsen * Leandre Villaronga i Garriga (1919–2015) *
Johan van Heesch Johan van Heesch is a Belgian numismatist specialising in the coinage and monetary history of the Roman empire. He is the Keeper of Coins and Medals at the Royal Library of Belgium, and teaches numismatics at the universities of Leuven and Louvain- ...
* Dorothy B. Waage *
Helen Wang Helen Kay Wang (; ; born 1965) is an English sinologist and translator. She works as curator of East Asian Money at the British Museum in London. She has also published a number of literary translations from Chinese, including an award-winning t ...
* Raymond Weiller * Gareth Williams * Yordanka Youroukova * Benedikt Zaech * Jörgen Zoega * Mohit Kapoor * Alexander Nikolaevich Zograf


See also

* List of coin collectors


References

{{Authority control *