Nueva Vizcaya (disambiguation)
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Nueva Vizcaya, officially the Province of Nueva Vizcaya ( ilo, Probinsia ti Nueva Vizcaya; gad, Probinsia na Nueva Vizcaya;
Pangasinan Pangasinan, officially the Province of Pangasinan ( pag, Luyag/Probinsia na Pangasinan, ; ilo, Probinsia ti Pangasinan; tl, Lalawigan ng Pangasinan), is a coastal province in the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region of Luzon. Its capit ...
: ''Luyag/Probinsia na Nueva Vizcaya''; tl, Lalawigan ng Nueva Vizcaya ), is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital is Bayombong. It is bordered by
Benguet Benguet (), officially the Province of Benguet ('';'' ; pag, Luyag/Probinsia na Benguet; ilo, Probinsia ti Benguet; ), is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the southern tip of the Cordillera Administrative Region in the islan ...
to the west,
Ifugao Ifugao, officially the Province of Ifugao ( ilo, Probinsia ti Ifugao; tl, Lalawigan ng Ifugao), is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is Lagawe and it borders Benguet to the wes ...
to the north, Isabela to the northeast, Quirino to the east, Aurora to the southeast, Nueva Ecija to the south, and
Pangasinan Pangasinan, officially the Province of Pangasinan ( pag, Luyag/Probinsia na Pangasinan, ; ilo, Probinsia ti Pangasinan; tl, Lalawigan ng Pangasinan), is a coastal province in the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region of Luzon. Its capit ...
to the southwest. Quirino province was created from Nueva Vizcaya in 1966.


Etymology

The name ''Nueva Vizcaya'' is derived from the name of the province of Biscay (called ''Vizcaya'' in Spanish, Bizkaia in Basque) during the
Spanish colonial period Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Cana ...
. This can be seen in the right part of the seal, a representation of the heraldic of Vizcaya in Spain.


History


Spanish period

The areas of present-day Nueva Vizcaya used to be part of the vast Provincia de Cagayan. Organized religion in Nueva Vizcaya dates back to the year 1607, when the Dominican Order arrived in the province. It was not until 1609, however, that the first settlement of a religious order was established in the southern half of the province. In 1702, a convent was erected in Burubur at the foot of the
Caraballo Mountains The Caraballo Mountains is a mountain range in the central part of Luzon island in the Philippines, situated between the Cordillera Central and Sierra Madre mountain ranges. The mountains serve as the location of the headwaters of the Cagayan ...
in Santa Clara, which is now a barangay in the town of
Aritao Aritao, officially the Municipality of Aritao ( gad, Ili na Aritao; ilo, Ili ti Aritao; tl, Bayan ng Aritao), is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 42,197 ...
. It was on this site that the first mass in Nueva Vizcaya was celebrated and the first baptism of a Christian convert was held. Spanish conquest of Nueva Vizcaya was slow and arduous. Expeditions had to be sent again and again because the natives refused to accept Spanish sovereignty. In some of these expeditions, services of some Filipino chieftains were utilized. The most famous of these expeditions was that commanded by Mariano Oscariz, in 1847–1848, which carried him clear through the province across to Palanan on the eastern coast of Luzon. In 1839, upon the advice of the '' alcalde mayor'' of Cagayan, Luis Lardizabal, then- Governor General of the Philippines created the politico-military province of Nueva Vizcaya. The order was approved by a Royal Decree on April 10, 1841. The original province covered the areas of present-day Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino,
Ifugao Ifugao, officially the Province of Ifugao ( ilo, Probinsia ti Ifugao; tl, Lalawigan ng Ifugao), is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is Lagawe and it borders Benguet to the wes ...
, and a large portion of Isabela, as well as much of Aurora. Civil government was established in the province by the Philippine Commission in 1902 during the
American Colonial Period of the Philippines American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, pe ...
. The territories of Nueva Vizcaya were greatly reduced when Nueva Vizcaya ceded a big portion of its north-eastern territory, including Camarag, its first capital, now
Echague Echague, officially the Municipality of Echague, is a 1st class municipality in the province of Isabela, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 88,410 people. The town is known for the indigenous and endangered Yogad ...
, to form the province of Isabela in May 1865.


American period

In 1908, the northwestern territory of Nueva Vizcaya was annexed to the newly organized sub-province of
Ifugao Ifugao, officially the Province of Ifugao ( ilo, Probinsia ti Ifugao; tl, Lalawigan ng Ifugao), is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is Lagawe and it borders Benguet to the wes ...
. The survey executed by the Bureau of Lands in 1914 further caused the diminution of its area and reduced again upon the enactment of the Administrative Code of 1917. The province of Nueva Vizcaya was also included in the 12th district of the Philippine Senate during the American period. The district included Mountain Province (present-day Apayao, Kalinga, Mountain Province, and Benguet), Cotabato (undivided), Agusan (undivided), Davao (undivided), Zamboanga (undivided), and Sulu (undivided). The province was included in the district because of its ethnic compatibility with Mountain Province and other indigenous domains in the Cordilleras and Mindanao.


World War II

During the
Pacific War The Pacific War, sometimes called the Asia–Pacific War, was the theater of World War II that was fought in Asia, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and Oceania. It was geographically the largest theater of the war, including the vast ...
of the Second World War,
Dalton Pass Dalton Pass, also called Balete Pass, is a zigzag road and mountain pass that joins the provinces of Nueva Ecija and Nueva Vizcaya, in central Luzon island of the Philippines. It is part of Cagayan Valley Road segment of Pan-Philippine Highway (M ...
was the scene of a major battle between the Empire of Japan, the
Commonwealth of the Philippines The Commonwealth of the Philippines ( es, Commonwealth de Filipinas or ; tl, Komonwelt ng Pilipinas) was the administrative body that governed the Philippines from 1935 to 1946, aside from a period of exile in the Second World War from 1942 ...
and American forces, with the Allies winning on May 31, 1945.Smith, R.R., 2005, Triumph in the Philippines, Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific,


Post-war era

In 1971, with the passage of '' Republic Act No. 6394'', Quirino, which was then a sub-province of Nueva Vizcaya, was separated from its mother province and made into a regular province.


Geography

Surrounded by North Luzon's three large mountain ranges, Nueva Vizcaya is generally mountainous, varying from steep mountains to rolling hills, with some valleys and plains. It is bordered on the west by the Cordillera mountains, on the east by the Sierra Madre mountains, and on the south by the
Caraballo Mountains The Caraballo Mountains is a mountain range in the central part of Luzon island in the Philippines, situated between the Cordillera Central and Sierra Madre mountain ranges. The mountains serve as the location of the headwaters of the Cagayan ...
. The province (and the entire Cagayan Valley) are separated from the Central Luzon plains by the Caraballo Mountains. The province has a total land area of . The southernmost province in the Cagayan Valley region, Nueva Vizcaya lies approximately north of Metro Manila and can be reached by land via the Cagayan Valley Road ( Maharlika Highway).


Administrative divisions

Nueva Vizcaya comprises 15 municipalities, with Bayombong as the provincial capital and major educational center, Bambang (the agricultural hub) and Solano (the financial district) as the major commercial centers, and Kayapa as the summer capital and "vegetable bowl" of the province. All municipalities are encompassed by a lone legislative district. Geographically, the western half of Nueva Vizcaya is part of the main Cordilleras, while its eastern half is part of the Caraballos, the meeting point of the Cordilleras and the Sierra Madre. There have been grassroot moves to reunify Nueva Vizcaya with the Cordilleras due to cultural and geographical harmony, however, none have been introduced in Congress. *1st District: Ambaguio, Bagabag, Bayombong, Diadi, Quezon, Solano, Villaverde *2nd District: Alfonso Castañeda, Aritao, Bambang, Dupax del Norte, Dupax del Sur, Kayapa, Kasibu, Santa Fe


Barangays

The 15 municipalities of the province comprise a total of 275 barangays, with ''Roxas'' in Solano, Nueva Vizcaya as the most populous in 2010, and ''Santa Rosa'' in Santa Fe, Nueva Vizcaya as the least.


Demographics

The population of Nueva Vizcaya in the 2020 census was 497,432 people, with a density of . Nueva Vizcaya is home to about 18 indigenous peoples, which includes the major tribes of the
Ifugao Ifugao, officially the Province of Ifugao ( ilo, Probinsia ti Ifugao; tl, Lalawigan ng Ifugao), is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is Lagawe and it borders Benguet to the wes ...
, Gaddang , Isinai , Dumagat ,
Kalanguya The Kalanguya (also sometimes referred to as the Ikalahan) are an Austronesian ethnic group most closely associated with the Philippines' Cordillera Administrative Region, but whose core population can be found across an area which also include ...
, and the Bugkalot . Indigenous peoples' groups have filed for ancestral domain titles covering parts of the province. The Ilokano population in the province are not indigenous as they were part of the labor force initially needed by the Spanish administration to work on the tobacco plantations beginning in the 1700s, and later immigrants with skills construct churches and other structures needed for development. Indigenous tribes were not cooperative with the Spaniards. After several insurrections by the locals, Spanish officials chose to import trained labor from established settlements in the coastal regions of Pangasinan and Ilocos. So, it was deliberated in the Spanish Congress the need for in migration of labor. After it was voted by a majority and approved by the king, Ilocanos started to migrate and were given homestead. Thus, the start of the migration of Ilocanos in the province. Every last week of May, these ethnolinguistic groups gather to celebrate the ''Ammungan'' festival (formerly ''Panagyaman'' festival), a week-long affair culminating on May 24, the province's foundation day. Since Nueva Vizcaya's birth as a province, traces of the culture and customs of its early settlers—the Ilongots (Bugkalot),
Igorot The indigenous peoples of the Cordillera Mountain Range of northern Luzon, Philippines are often referred to using the exonym Igorot people, or more recently, as the Cordilleran peoples. There are nine main ethnolinguistic groups whose domains ar ...
s,
Ifugao Ifugao, officially the Province of Ifugao ( ilo, Probinsia ti Ifugao; tl, Lalawigan ng Ifugao), is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is Lagawe and it borders Benguet to the wes ...
s, Isinais, Gaddangs, and the Pangasinans—can still be seen. The influx of civilization and the infusion of modern technology to the life stream of the province induced immigration from adjacent provinces. The province was pushed to be included in the Cordillera Autonomous Region because the province is technically within the Cordillera, however, it did not came to be due to the failure to enact an autonomous Cordillera by the national government. Today, questions linger on the exclusion of Nueva Vizcaya despite the province being culturally and geographically linked to the Cordilleras. The province also has the largest Igorot population outside the Cordillera region.


Religion

Roman Catholics The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
are about 63% of the population of the province. Other faiths are divided among Aglipayan Church , Iglesia ni Cristo which form about 5-6% of the province population, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,
Jehovah's Witnesses Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity. The group reports a worldwide membership of approximately 8.7 million adherents involved in ...
, Baptist, Methodist, Pentecostals, Seventh-day Adventist and other Evangelical Christians which forms about 17%-20% of the province's population as well as
Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
s and indigenous Cordilleran religions.


Languages

Nueva Vizcaya province possesses one of the most diverse array of indigenous languages in Luzon, a testimony to its cultural and geographic linkages with the Cordillera mountain range. The indigenous languages of the province listed by the Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino are the ''Bugkalut language'', ''Ibaloy language'', ''Ifugaw language'', ''Iguwak language'', ''Irungdungan language'', ''Isinay language'', ''Kalanguya language'', and ''Kankanaey language''. During the later part of the Spanish regime, people from Ilocos region migrated to the province through the recommendation of Spanish officials in the province. It was deliberated in the Spanish court in Spain and with a majority vote and approval of the king of Spain, Ilocanos were allowed to migrate to the province. Thus, the importation of the Ilokano language and culture started, becoming the ''lingua franca'' of the province. Ilokano accents were affected by the native languages of the peoples whom Ilokanos intermingled with. Remarkably, the economy of the province started to grow because of the industry of the Ilocanos as well as through their innate talent in entrepreneurship and in other industries including agriculture.


Economy

Agriculture is the main industry in the province, together with rice, corn, fruits and vegetables as major crops. Nueva Vizcaya is a major producer of citrus crops in the country, principally pomelo, ponkan and oranges. The Nueva Vizcaya Agricultural Terminal in Bambang supplies the demand of neighboring provinces and Metro Manila. There is a mining industry in the province which added to the provincial income. However, mining activities have also been alleged to have dried up water sources, polluted the environment, and endangered livelihoods of farmers and fisherfolk. According to the
Mines and Geosciences Bureau The Mines and Geo-sciences Bureau (MGB) is a government agency of the Philippines under the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). The MGB is responsible for the conservation, management, development and use of the country's mi ...
, deposits of metallic minerals discovered in the province are copper, gold,
molybdenum Molybdenum is a chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42 which is located in period 5 and group 6. The name is from Neo-Latin ''molybdaenum'', which is based on Ancient Greek ', meaning lead, since its ores were confused with lea ...
and pyrite. Non-metallic deposits include red clay, white clay and limestone, with sand and gravel being the most abundant deposits in the province. On January 11, 2008, the Cagayan
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources The Philippines' Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources ( fil, Kawanihan ng Pangisdaan at Yamang-tubig, abbreviated as BFAR), is an agency of the Politics of the Philippines, Philippine government under the Department of Agriculture (Philippin ...
(BFAR) stated that tilapia ( species of
cichlid Cichlids are fish from the family Cichlidae in the order Cichliformes. Cichlids were traditionally classed in a suborder, the Labroidei, along with the wrasses ( Labridae), in the order Perciformes, but molecular studies have contradicted this ...
fishes from the tilapiine cichlid tribe) production grew and Cagayan Valley is now the Philippines' tilapia capital ( Saint Peter's fish). Production supply grew 37.25% since 2003, with 14,000 metric tons (MT) in 2007. The recent aquaculture congress found that the growth of tilapia production was due to government interventions: provision of fast-growing species, accreditation of private hatcheries to ensure supply of quality fingerlings, establishment of demonstration farms, providing free fingerlings to newly constructed fishponds, and the dissemination of tilapia to Nueva Vizcaya (in
Diadi Diadi, officially the Municipality of Diadi ( gad, Ili na Diadi; ilo, Ili ti Diadi; tl, Bayan ng Diadi), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 19,236 peop ...
town).


Government

Nueva Vizcaya has one congressional district, although there has been a longtime proposal to divide the province into two congressional districts.


Education

Nueva Vizcaya has the following education institutions, among others. * Saint Catherine's School (Bambang) * Nueva Vizcaya State University, with campuses in Bayombong and Bambang. * Saint Mary's University (''Bayombong'') * Muir Woods Academy, Inc. (''Bayombong'') * Philippine Science High School - Cagayan Valley Campus (''Bayombong'') * Aldersgate College (''Solano'') * Sierra College (''Bayombong'') * PLT College, Inc. (''Bayombong'') * King's Colleges of the Philippines (''Bambang'') * Saint Mary's School of Dupax * Saint Teresitas's Academy of Aritao * Dupax Del Norte National High School * Dupax Del Sur National High School * Saint Catherine of Siena * Saint Louis School (Solano) *Solano High School (Solano) *Nueva Vizcaya General Comprehensive High School (Bayombong)


College/Vocational

* Aldersgate College (''Solano'') * Fuzeko Polytechnic College (''Solano'') * King's College of the Philippines (''formerly'': Eastern Luzon Colleges) (''Bambang'') * Northern Luzon Technical Institute (''Bayombong'') * Nueva Vizcaya Caregiver Academy (''Solano'') * Nueva Vizcaya Institute (''Aritao'') * PLT College Inc. (''Bayombong'') * Saint Mary's University (''Bayombong'') * Sierra College (''Bayombong'') * Solano Institute of Technology (''Solano'') * Vizcaya Institute of Computer Science (''Bayombong'')


Notable personalities

*
Edith Tiempo Edith Cutaran Lopez-Tiempo (April 22, 1919 – August 21, 2011),
- ( Bayombong) - National Artist for Literature *
John Castriciones John Rualo Castriciones (born January 8, 1962), also known by the nickname Bro. John, is a Filipino lawyer and writer who served as the Secretary of Agrarian Reform under the Duterte administration from 2017 to 2021. He was formerly Undersecret ...
- (Bayombong) -
Secretary of Agrarian Reform The secretary of agrarian reform (Filipino: ''Kalihim ng Repormang Pansakahan'') is the head of the Department of Agrarian Reform and is a member of the president’s Cabinet. List References External linksDAR website {{DEFAULTSORT:Sec ...
(2017-2021) * Danilo Lim - ( Solano) - Army officer, coup-plotter and
Chairman of the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority The chairperson of the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority is the chief executive officer of the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) and the presiding officer of the Metro Manila Council. The post is also known as the Officer ...
(2017-2021) *
Vicente Danao Vicente "Vic" Dupa Danao Jr. (born August 10, 1967) is a Filipino law enforcement officer and current Commander of Area Police Command in Western Mindanao. Danao has been with the Philippine National Police for over 29 years and has served as Off ...
- ( Solano) -
Chief of the Philippine National Police The Chief of the Philippine National Police (abbreviated as C, PNP; Filipino: ''Hepe ng Pambansang Pulisya ng Pilipinas'') is the head of the Philippines' national police body, the Philippine National Police (PNP). The position is invariably held b ...
(2022) * - (Bayombong) - Senator (1967-1972) and Chairman of the Commission on Elections (1973-1980) *
Romeo A. Brawner Romeo Aliac Brawner (September 17, 1935 – May 29, 2008) was a Filipino public official who served as a Commissioner of the Philippine Commission on Elections (COMELEC) from 2005 until his death from a heart attack in May 2008. From February to M ...
- (Solano) - Chairman of the Commission on Elections (2008) * Roy V. Aragon - ( Dupax del Norte) - Author *
Jimboy Martin Hendrix Jim Balasoto Martin (born October 12, 1997), better known as Jimboy Martin, is a Filipino television personality known for winning the teen edition of the reality show Pinoy Big Brother: 737. He is part of the all-male dance group of '' ...
- (Solano) - Actor *
Hillarie Parungao Hillarie Danielle Ang Parungao-Donato (born 18 March 1991) is a Filipino TV presenter, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss World Philippines 2015. She represented the Philippines at the Miss World 2015 pageant and finished ...
- (Solano) - Philippine representative and Top 10 semifinalist at the
Miss World 2015 Miss World 2015, the 65th edition of the Miss World pageant, was held on 19 December 2015 at the outdoor arena of the Crown of Beauty Theatre in Sanya, China. 114 contestants from all over the world competed for the crown. Rolene Strauss of So ...
pageant *
Marites Vitug Marites Dañguilan Vitug is a Filipina journalist and author who co-founded the news magazine ''Newsbreak''. She was a Nieman Fellow at Harvard University from 1986 to 1987. Early life and education Marites Dañguilan Vitug was raised by her pare ...
- (Solano) - investigative journalist


References


External links

* * *
Official website of the Province of NUEVA VIZCAYA

Philippine Standard Geographic Code

Local Governance Performance Management System

Web Presence Provider based in Nueva Vizcaya
{{Authority control Provinces of the Philippines Provinces of Cagayan Valley States and territories established in 1841 1841 establishments in the Philippines