Nizhny Tagil ( rus, Нижний Тагил, p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj tɐˈgʲil) is a

city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

in Sverdlovsk Oblast,

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...

, located east of the

boundary between Asia and Europe Determining the boundaries between the continents of Earth is generally a matter of geographical convention. Several slightly different conventions are in use. The number of continents is most commonly considered seven (in English-speaking cou ...

. Population:

History

The prehistory of Nizhny Tagil dates back to the mid-16th century, when the

Stroganovs The Stroganovs or Strogonovs (russian: link=no, Стро́гановы, Стро́гоновы), French spelling: Stroganoff, were a family of highly successful Russian merchants, industrialists, landowners, and statesmen. From the time of Ivan ...

received the right to possess land by the

Kama ''Kama'' (Sanskrit ) means "desire, wish, longing" in Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, and Sikh literature.Monier Williamsकाम, kāmaMonier-Williams Sanskrit English Dictionary, pp 271, see 3rd column Kama often connotes sensual pleasure, sexual ...

and

Chusovaya The Chusovaya (russian: Чусова́я) is a river flowing in Perm Krai, Sverdlovsk Oblast and Chelyabinsk Oblast of Russia. A tributary of the Kama, which in turn is a tributary of the Volga, it discharges into the Chusovskoy Cove of the Ka ...

basins. In 1579 they founded the first settlement, the Utkin sloboda, by the river Utka, the mouth of Chusoya. Fateyevo, the first Russian village in the Tagil region, was founded in 1665.Нижний Тагил. 1964. Из летописи Нижнего Тагила
/ref> In 1696, by the order of Tsar Peter the Great, the Vysokogorsky iron ore quarry was opened.

Voevode Voivode (, also spelled ''voievod'', ''voevod'', ''voivoda'', ''vojvoda'' or ''wojewoda'') is a title denoting a military leader or warlord in Central, Southeastern and Eastern Europe since the Early Middle Ages. It primarily referred to the me ...

Dmitry Protasyev was elected to search for iron and magnetic ores. The deposits were particularly rich, and included lodes of pure magnetic iron. The surrounding landscape provided everything needed for a successful and productive mining and smelting operation — rivers for transport, forests for fuel, and suitable climate. Several years later, the Tsar introduced in Russia a special administration on mining. Over the following decades, the city developed as one of the early centers of Russian industrialization, and it has been a major producer of

cast iron Cast iron is a class of iron– carbon alloys with a carbon content more than 2%. Its usefulness derives from its relatively low melting temperature. The alloy constituents affect its color when fractured: white cast iron has carbide impur ...

and steel. The town of Nizhny Tagil, home of the factory

Uralvagonzavod UralVagonZavod (russian: ОАО «Научно-производственная корпорация «УралВагонЗавод», , Open Joint Stock Company "Research and Production Corporation Uralvagonzavod") is a Russian machine-buildin ...

, is also known for its production of Soviet tanks, including the famous

T-34 The T-34 is a Soviet medium tank introduced in 1940. When introduced its 76.2 mm (3 in) tank gun was less powerful than its contemporaries while its 60-degree sloped armour provided good protection against anti-tank weapons. The C ...

; nearly every other T-34 was manufactured in Nizhny Tagil. First locomotive Russia

The first Russian steam locomotive was constructed there in 1833, and the father-and-son engineers who developed it, Yefim and Miron Cherepanov (Черепанов), were in 1956 commemorated by an bronze statue (executed by sculptor A. S. Kondratyev and architect A. V. Sotnikov) which stands in the center of the Theatrical Square in the heart of downtown. According to some sources, the copper for the skin of the Statue of Liberty was mined and refined in Nizhny Tagil. However, research by Bell Laboratories in New Jersey, USA, suggests that the Visnes mine in Norway is the most likely source.

Geography

Rivers and ponds take up one third of the city's territory. Nizhny Tagil spans from north to south and from east to west. The altitude of the city varies from . The city is built around the extinct

volcano A volcano is a rupture in the Crust (geology), crust of a Planet#Planetary-mass objects, planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and volcanic gas, gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. On Ear ...

Lisya Mountain. This mountain with a watchtower on its top is a symbol of the city. Another hill, , is located in the northern part of the city at an altitude of . Neighboring cities include

Yekaterinburg Yekaterinburg ( ; rus, Екатеринбург, p=jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk), alternatively romanized as Ekaterinburg and formerly known as Sverdlovsk ( rus, Свердло́вск, , svʲɪrˈdlofsk, 1924–1991), is a city and the administra ...

to the south, Serov and Priobye in the north,

Perm Perm or PERM may refer to: Places *Perm, Russia, a city in Russia ** Permsky District, the district **Perm Krai, a federal subject of Russia since 2005 **Perm Oblast, a former federal subject of Russia 1938–2005 **Perm Governorate, an administra ...

in the west, and

Alapayevsk Alapayevsk (russian: Алапа́евск) is a town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Neyva and Alapaikha rivers. Population: 44,263 ( 2002 census); 50,060 ( 1989 census); 49,000 (1968). History Alapayevsk is ...

and

Verkhnyaya Salda Verkhnyaya Salda (russian: Ве́рхняя Салда) is a town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Salda River (right tributary of the Tagil), north of Yekaterinburg. Population: History It was founded in 1778; town status was gr ...

in the east. Nizhniy Tagil HiRes Panorama

Nizhniy tagil StAlexander Nyevsky Cathedral

Climate

The city features a subarctic climate (

Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...

: Dfc) with mildly warm summers and very long and cold winters. Precipitation is mostly concentrated between late spring and early fall, peaking in the months of July and August. A freeze has been recorded for every month of the year.

Administrative and municipal structure

Within the framework of the administrative divisions, Nizhny Tagil serves as the

administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located. In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...

Prigorodny District Prigorodny District is the name of several administrative and municipal districts in Russia: * Prigorodny District, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, an administrative and municipal district of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania *Prigorodny Di ...

, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is, together with twenty-three rural localities, incorporated separately as the

City A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

of Nizhny Tagil—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Law #30-OZ As a municipal division, the City of Nizhny Tagil is incorporated as Nizhny Tagil Urban Okrug.Law #85-OZ The city is divided into three city districts: Leninsky, encompassing the city center and Nizhnetagilsky Pond; Tagilstroyevsky, a comparatively small section at the north part of town; and Dzerzhinsky, a sizable section to the east of the city center principally consisting of apartment buildings and other residences. The city is governed by four local authorities: * The Nizhny Tagil City Duma (city council) * The Mayor of Nizhny Tagil * The Administration of Nizhny Tagil * The Audit Chamber of Nizhny Tagil The city's government structure was defined in the charter of a municipal unit, which was passed on 24 November 2005. The city's highest official is the mayor elected by the population of Nizhny Tagil for a term of 5 years in office. The

executive Executive ( exe., exec., execu.) may refer to: Role or title * Executive, a senior management role in an organization ** Chief executive officer (CEO), one of the highest-ranking corporate officers (executives) or administrators ** Executive dir ...

is foremost the Administration of Nizhny Tagil, the head of which is the mayor. The

legislature A legislature is an assembly with the authority to make law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its p ...

agency is the City Duma (city council), composed of 28 deputies, which are chosen via

MPP MPP or M.P.P. may refer to: * Marginal physical product * Master of Public Policy, an academic degree * Member of Provincial Parliament (Ontario), Canada * Member of Provincial Parliament (Western Cape), South Africa * ''Merriweather Post Pavilio ...

for a term of 5 years in office.

Government

Former mayors: #Nikolay Didenko 2006-? #Valentina Isayeva 2008-? #Sergey Nosov 2012-?

Economy

In 2015, a large portion of the land within the bounds of the city is dominated by the facilities of the factories located in this industrial city. Nizhny Tagil is an industrial center of the Middle

Urals The Ural Mountains ( ; rus, Ура́льские го́ры, r=Uralskiye gory, p=ʊˈralʲskʲɪjə ˈɡorɨ; ba, Урал тауҙары) or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western ...

. Highly power-intensive industries such as

ferrous metallurgy Ferrous metallurgy is the metallurgy of iron and its alloys. The earliest surviving prehistory, prehistoric iron artifacts, from the 4th millennium BC in Egypt, were made from meteorite, meteoritic Iron–nickel alloy, iron-nickel. It is not know ...

engineering Engineering is the use of scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and other items, including bridges, tunnels, roads, vehicles, and buildings. The discipline of engineering encompasses a broad range of more speciali ...

, chemistry, and metal working are well-developed in the city. A total of 606 manufacturing companies operate in Nizhny Tagil. Nizhny Tagil Iron and Steel Plant (''Nizhnetagilsky Metallurgichesky Kombinat'', ''NTMK'') is a leading

n steel company. ''

'' (''UVZ'') is the main producer of modern

tank A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle intended as a primary offensive weapon in front-line ground combat. Tank designs are a balance of heavy firepower, strong armour, and good battlefield mobility provided by tracks and a powerful engi ...

s on the territory of the former

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

and Russia. It is the largest

main battle tank A main battle tank (MBT), also known as a battle tank or universal tank, is a tank that fills the role of armor-protected direct fire and maneuver in many modern armies. Cold War-era development of more powerful engines, better suspension sys ...

manufacturer in the world. The

T-72 The T-72 is a family of Soviet/Russian main battle tanks that entered production in 1969. The T-72 was a development of the T-64, which was troubled by high costs and its reliance on immature developmental technology. About 25,000 T-72 tanks h ...

T-90 The T-90 is a third-generation Russian main battle tank. It uses a 125mm 2A46 smoothbore main gun, the 1A45T fire-control system, an upgraded engine, and gunner's thermal sight. Standard protective measures include a blend of steel and comp ...

, and T-14 are produced in the city. As of 2016 an economic slowdown in Russia had resulted in diminished demand for civilian products such as train cars, but strong demand continued for tanks. There are resources to manufacture medical tools for traumatology at the Nizhny Tagil medical tools plant.

Expo-Center

Nizhny Tagil is one of centers of exhibition activity in the Middle

. Nizhny Tagil Institute of Metals Testing was the host of the international exhibitions such as Ural Expo Arms /

Russian Expo Arms Russian Expo Arms (or Russia Arms Expo, abbreviated as RAE) is the international exhibition of arms, military equipment and ammunition that is regularly held in Nizhny Tagil, Russia since 1999. According to organizers, the event is dedicated to " ...

, Russian Defense Expo (2001 and 2002).

Military

The

42nd Rocket Division The 42nd Rocket Division (v/ch 34103) is an intercontinental ballistic missile formation of the Russian Strategic Rocket Forces. It is based at Svobodny, Sverdlovsk Oblast/Nizhniy Tagil, Sverdlovsk Oblast, and it is part of the 31st Rocket Army. ...

Strategic Rocket Forces The Strategic Rocket Forces of the Russian Federation or the Strategic Missile Forces of the Russian Federation (RVSN RF; russian: Ракетные войска стратегического назначения Российской Фед� ...

is based in Nizhny Tagil, equipped with 36 Topol nuclear missiles.

Culture

The House of

Demidov The House of Demidov (russian: Деми́довы) also Demidoff, was a prominent Russian noble family during the 18th and 19th centuries. Originating in the city of Tula in the 17th century, the Demidovs found success through metal products, ...

's initiatives in the area of culture helped to develop the Tagil community into the

' most important cultural center. In the 19th century, a library and the museum of natural history and antiquity were opened. The city has a network of approximately 24 libraries servicing 75,000 readers every year. Tagil museums include the old regional history museum, the museum of Fine Arts, and a number of new museums opened in the 1990s: the museum of tray painting art, the museum of lifestyle and handicrafts representing the starting point of a new ethnographic complex. The Demidov Park, a new cultural and historical project, is planned to be built in the city. However, due to European sanctions against Russia, its foundation has been postponed. Nizhny Tagil has been chosen to host international Urals' Industrial Heritage conferences and workshops. In 2003, during the 12th International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage, a charter was signed for the conservation of Russian industrial heritage. City theatrical life is represented by four theaters: the National D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak Academic Drama Theater, a puppet theater, a youth theater, and the actor department of Nizhny Tagil College of Arts, which has been training actors and actresses.

Education

The oldest university is Nizhny Tagil State Socio-Educational Academy. The state educational academy operates 4 institutes, 13 faculties and 29 departments. There is post-graduate work in three fields: general education, the history of pedagogy and education, Russian history, the Russian language. In art and graphics department 2008 year launched five workshops in which students engage in decorative art. The Academy has four modern sports halls. In summer, a wall is erected for climbing. There is a gymnasium and fitness room. The Nizhny Tagil Technological Institute is located south-east of the city center.

Sports

The city formerly had an

association football Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players who primarily use their feet to propel the ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is ...

team,

FC Uralets Nizhny Tagil FC Uralets Nizhny Tagil (russian: ФК «Уралец» Нижний Тагил) was a Russian football team from Nizhny Tagil. It played professionally from 1946 to 1949 and 1958 to 2006. The highest level it ever achieved was the second-highes ...

, which played in the Russian Second Division and was dissolved in 2006. The city ice hockey team is

Sputnik Nizhny Tagil Sputnik Nizhny Tagil is an ice hockey team in Nizhny Tagil, Russia. They play in the VHL, the second level of Russian ice hockey. The club was formerly affiliated with Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg. Achievements * Pervaya Liga The All-Russian Ho ...

, which played in the

Russian Major League The Supreme Hockey League (SHL) (russian: Высшая хоккейная лига (ВХЛ), links=no, ''Vysshaya hokkeinaya liga (VHL)''), also known as the Major Hockey League or Higher Hockey League (HHL), is a professional ice hockey league i ...

. The bandy club Metallurg Nizhny Tagil plays in the 2nd highest division. Nizhny Tagil is a host of several competitions in

ski jumping Ski jumping is a winter sport in which competitors aim to achieve the farthest jump after sliding down on their skis from a specially designed curved ramp. Along with jump length, competitor's aerial style and other factors also affect the fina ...

World Cup A world cup is a global sporting competition in which the participant entities – usually international teams or individuals representing their countries – compete for the title of world champion. The event most associated with the concept i ...

Public health

Medical care is provided in 29 medical care centers that employ 1,100 doctors and 4,500 assistants. Annually, up to 100,000 people are hospitalized, 28,000 surgeries are performed, and up to four million appointments are registered in the city medical care centers. There is a

branch of eye microsurgery in Nizhny Tagil. There is obstetrical care. There is a network of municipal and private pharmacies. In 2015, pollution from factories was annually. Respiratory rate of infection in children was 50% higher than the rest of the country. The city had the highest rate of stomach and lung cancer in the country.

Transport

Rail lines and highways connect the city to the rest of the country. Near the city there is a Salka Aerodrome, located northeast of the city. It was a military base until 1994. Then it became a civil airfield with main activities in Russian experimental aviation.

People

Nizhny Tagil has been connected to the following personalities: *

Andrej Aliaksandraŭ Andrej Aliaksandraŭ (, transliteration in official documents: Andrei Aliaksandrau; born 27 January 1978) is a Belarusian journalist, activist and political prisoner. Early life and career Aliaksandraŭ was born in Nizhny Tagil (the Russian ...

(born 1978), Belarusian journalist, activist and political prisoner * Valeri Brainin, poet, musicologist, President (from 2004 to 2014) of the Russian branch of the International Society for Music Education - a member of

UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...

{{citation needed, date=October 2015 * Yefim Cherepanov, inventor and

industrial engineer Industrial engineering is an engineering profession that is concerned with the optimization of complex processes, systems, or organizations by developing, improving and implementing integrated systems of people, money, knowledge, information and ...

, constructor of the first Russian locomotive{{citation needed, date=October 2015 * Miron Cherepanov (son of Yefim Cherepanov), inventor and

, constructor of the first Russian locomotive{{citation needed, date=October 2015 * Pavel Gayev, Soviet military intelligence officer, guards colonel{{cite book , last1=Алексеев , first1=Михаил , last2=Колпакиди , first2=Александр, last3=Кочик , first3=Валерий , date=2012 , title=Энциклопедия военной разведки, 1918-1945 гг. , trans-title=Encyclopaedia of Military Intelligence, 1918-1945 , url=http://primo.nlr.ru/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=07NLR_LMS001969413&context=L&vid=07NLR_VU1&lang=ru_RU&search_scope=default_scope&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=default_tab&query=lsr24,contains,%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8,%201918-1945%20%D0%B3%D0%B3.,AND&sortby=rank&mode=advanced&offset=0 , language=RU , location=

Москва Moscow ( , American English, US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia. The city stands on t ...

, publisher=Кучково поле : Ассоциация "Военная книга" , page=210 , isbn=978-5-9950-0219-2{{cite book , last1=Лурье, first1=Вячеслав, last2=Кочик, first2=Валерий, date=2002 , title=ГРУ: дела и люди , trans-title=GRU: Business and People, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ntdwNtWguWEC&pg=PA144 , language=RU , location=

, publisher=ОЛМА-ПРЕСС , page=144 , isbn=9785765414996 *Dmitry Larionov, slalom canoe champion{{citation needed, date=October 2015 *Felix Lembersky, painter{{citation needed, date=October 2015 *Konstantin Novoselov, 2010 Nobel Prize winner for his research on Graphene{{citation needed, date=October 2015 *Valeri Ogorodnikov, film director, Prize "Silver Leopard" at Locarno International Film Festival and State Price of Russian Federation for the film "Barrack", Price of FIPRESCI for the film "Burglar" at Venice Film Festival{{citation needed, date=October 2015 *Bar Paly, Russian-Israeli model and actress{{citation needed, date=October 2019 *Igor Radulov, hockey player, winger currently playing for Салават Юлаев (Salavat Yulaev Ufa) of the KHL{{citation needed, date=October 2015 *Alexander Radulov, hockey player, winger currently playing for the Dallas Stars, formerly with Салават Юлаев (Salavat Yulaev Ufa) of the KHL (brother with Igor){{citation needed, date=October 2015 *Boris Rauschenbach, physicist and rocket engineer{{citation needed, date=October 2015 *Sergei Shepelev, former Soviet national ice hockey team member{{citation needed, date=October 2015 *Nikita Soshnikov, hockey player, winger currently playing for the St. Louis Blues organization; previously with the Toronto Maple Leafs of the NHL, formerly with the Toronto Marlies of the American Hockey League, AHL and Moscow Oblast Atlant of the KHL *Victor Starffin, baseball player{{citation needed, date=October 2015 *Aron Zinshtein, painter{{citation needed, date=October 2015 *Maya Khromykh, figure skater

Twin towns – sister cities

{{See also, List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia Nizhny Tagil is sister cities, twinned with: {{div col, colwidth=20em *{{flagicon, BLR Brest, Belarus, Brest, Belarus *{{flagicon, USA Chattanooga, Tennessee, Chattanooga, United States *{{flagicon, CZE Františkovy Lázně, Czech Republic *{{flagicon, RUS Novokuznetsk, Russia *{{flagicon, UKR Yevpatoria, Ukraine {{div col end Former twin towns: *{{flagicon, UKR Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine *{{flagicon, CZE Cheb, Czech Republic *{{flagicon, CZE Mariánské Lázně, Czech Republic In 2022 the Czech cities of Cheb and Mariánské Lázně severed its ties with Nizhny Tagil in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.{{cite web , title=PŘERUŠENÍ VZTAHŮ S PARTNERSKÝM MĚSTEM , url = https://www.muml.cz/mesto-a-jeho-sprava/o-meste/partnerska-mesta/rusko , language=cs, access-date =9 June 2022

References

{{Reflist, 2

External links

{{EB1911 Poster, Nizhne-Tagilsk
Official website of Nizhny Tagil
{{in lang, ru
Information and entertainment portal of Nizhny Tagil
{{in lang, ru
Official website of ''Evraz Group'', owner of ''Nizhnetagilsky Metallurgichesky Kombinat'' (''NTMK'')
{{in lang, en
Official website of Russian Defense Expo-2005
{{in lang, ru
Recreation and entertainment in Nizhny Tagil
{{in lang, ru
Portal of Nizhny Tagil
{{in lang, ru
Photos of Nizhny Tagil
{{in lang, ru {{Cities and towns in Sverdlovsk Oblast {{Authority control Nizhny Tagil, Cities and towns in Sverdlovsk Oblast Verkhotursky Uyezd Populated places established in 1722 1722 establishments in the Russian Empire