Nicolás Repetto
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Nicolás Repetto (21 October 1871 – 29 November 1965) was an
Argentine Argentines (mistakenly translated Argentineans in the past; in Spanish (masculine) or (feminine)) are people identified with the country of Argentina. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Argentines, s ...
physician and leader of the
Socialist Party of Argentina The Socialist Party ( es, Partido Socialista, PS) is a centre-left political party in Argentina. Founded in 1896, it is one of the oldest still-active parties in Argentina, alongside the Radical Civic Union. The party has been an opponent of ...
.


Biography

Nicolás Repetto was born in
Buenos Aires Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South ...
in 1871 and enrolled at the prestigious Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires, a public
college preparatory school A college-preparatory school (usually shortened to preparatory school or prep school) is a type of secondary school. The term refers to public, private independent or parochial schools primarily designed to prepare students for higher education ...
. He was introduced to politics by a friend and medical student,
Juan B. Justo Juan Bautista Justo (June 28, 1865, in Buenos Aires – January 8, 1928, in Buenos Aires) was an Argentine physician, journalist, politician, and writer. After finishing medical school he joined the Civic Union of the Youth, later participating i ...
, who enrolled Repetto in the reformist Civic Youth Union, by which Repetto took part in the violently-repressed
Revolution of the Park The Revolution of the Park (''Revolución del Parque''), also known as the Revolution of '90, was an uprising against the national government of Argentina that took place on July 26, 1890, and started with the takeover of the Buenos Aires Artille ...
, in 1890. He married
Fenia Chertkoff Fenia Chertkoff de Repetto (7 October 1869 – 31 May 1927) was a Russian-born Argentine feminist, intellectual, educator, political activist, and sculptor. She was married to Nicolás Repetto, an Argentine physician and leader of the Socialist ...
, a feminist and sculptor. Repetto received a medical degree from the
University of Buenos Aires The University of Buenos Aires ( es, Universidad de Buenos Aires, UBA) is a public university, public research university in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Established in 1821, it is the premier institution of higher learning in the country and one o ...
in 1895, earning an internship at the renowned Inselspital in Bern, Switzerland. He began his practice as a pediatric surgeon in 1897, while teaching at his alma mater's important School of Medicine.Socialist Party of Buenos Aires: Nicolás Repetto
/ref> He established the ''Diario del Pueblo'' (''People's Journal'') with Justo and in 1900, joined the Argentine Socialist Party (founded by Justo and others in 1896). He and Justo founded a
cooperative A cooperative (also known as co-operative, co-op, or coop) is "an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically-control ...
,
El Hogar Obrero EL, El or el may refer to: Religion * El (deity), a Semitic word for "God" People * EL (rapper) (born 1983), stage name of Elorm Adablah, a Ghanaian rapper and sound engineer * El DeBarge, music artist * El Franco Lee (1949–2016), American po ...
("The Working Home") in 1905. The establishment quickly became a leading homebuilder and general store operator, and grew with Argentina's booming economy of the time. Publishing numerous articles in
peer-reviewed journal An academic journal or scholarly journal is a periodical publication in which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published. Academic journals serve as permanent and transparent forums for the presentation, scrutiny, and d ...
s, he became part in 1906 of the charity emergency clinic operated by ''La Prensa'' (then Argentina's second-most circulated newspaper). These accomplishments and the enactment of universal (male) suffrage in Argentina helped lead to Repetto's election to the
Argentine Chamber of Deputies The Chamber of Deputies ( es, Cámara de Diputados de la Nación), officially the Honorable Chamber of Deputies of the Argentine Nation, is the lower house of the Argentine National Congress ( es, Congreso de la Nación). It is made up of 257 ...
for the federal district of Buenos Aires, in 1912. A close ally of the
Federación Agraria Argentina The Argentine Agrarian Federation (in Spanish, ''Federación Agraria Argentina'', FAA) is a private institution that serves as a business organization for small and medium agricultural owners of means of production (land, farms, etc.) or rural entr ...
, a small-holders' organization, he supported assistance to family farms and worked to expose abusive labor conditions in plantations throughout the north. He received his party's nomination for the presidency in
1922 Events January * January 7 – Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic), Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes. * January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éirean ...
, a campaign hampered by violence from the paramilitary
Argentine Patriotic League The Argentine Patriotic League ( es, Liga Patriótica Argentina) was a ''Nacionalista'' paramilitary group, officially created in Buenos Aires on January 16, 1919, during the Tragic week events. Presided over by Manuel Carlés, a professor at ...
and by the popularity of the incumbent, centrist UCR. Repetto resigned from Congress in 1923, but returned the following year. He then lost his wife in 1927, and his friend and closest political associate, Senator Juan B. Justo, died just weeks before the 1928 election, leaving the party's leadership to him. A coup d'état removing the aging, populist President
Hipólito Yrigoyen Juan Hipólito del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Yrigoyen (; 12 July 1852 – 3 July 1933) was an Argentine politician of the Radical Civic Union and two-time President of Argentina, who served his first term from 1916 to 1922 and his second ...
in 1930 gave way to new elections the following year. Facing long odds, Repetto negotiated a "Civil Alliance" with the reformist
Democratic Progressive Party The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) is a Taiwanese nationalist and centre-left political party in the Republic of China (Taiwan). Controlling both the Republic of China presidency and the unicameral Legislative Yuan, it is the majori ...
(PDP), and agreed to be the running mate for PDP leader
Lisandro de la Torre Lisandro de la Torre (6 December 1868 – 5 January 1939) was an Argentine politician, born in Rosario, Santa Fe. He was considered as a model of ethics in politics. He was a national deputy and senator, a prominent polemicist, and founder o ...
, a well-known anti-corruption activist. The caretaker government, led by General
José Félix Uriburu Lieutenant General José Félix Benito Uriburu y Uriburu (20 July 186829 April 1932) was the President of the Provisional Government of Argentina, ousting the successor to President Hipólito Yrigoyen by means of a military coup and declaring ...
, supported the center-right Concordance and refused to guarantee free and fair elections (or, even safety) for the opposition, leading the UCR to boycott the polls. This left the Civil Alliance poised for possible victory, and Repetto was imprisoned. On election night - amid widespread irregularities - the Concordance won a sizable margin of the popular vote (a practice justified by the regime as "patriotic fraud"). The two parties were nearly tied in the electoral college, however, and no party had received a majority of electors; though ultimately, enough
faithless electors In the United States Electoral College, a faithless elector is an elector who does not vote for the candidates for U.S. President and U.S. Vice President for whom the elector had pledged to vote, and instead votes for another person for one or ...
were swayed into supporting the Concordance. Socialist and PDP victories in congressional races raised the possibility of another, similar alliance for 1937. Lisandro de la Torre resigned from the Senate, however, following a 1935 assassination attempt on the floor of the chamber, itself. Repetto accepted the Socialist nomination for the 1937 campaign, though the return of the UCR to national politics far overshadowed his party's chances. A second coup d'état dissolved
Congress A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of a ...
in 1943, ending his tenure there. Repetto led his party in 1945 into the Democratic Union, an uneasy alliance led by the UCR and conservatives united mainly by their shared opposition to the populist
Juan Perón Juan Domingo Perón (, , ; 8 October 1895 – 1 July 1974) was an Argentine Army general and politician. After serving in several government positions, including Minister of Labour and Vice President of a military dictatorship, he was elected P ...
. Following Perón's election, Repetto was jailed (as were growing numbers of opposition figures). The 1955 overthrow of the increasingly autocratic Perón led to his return to national politics, and the interim president, General Eduardo Lonardi, named him to his influential Civilian Advisory Board. Following the victory of a UCR splinter candidate endorsed by the exiled Perón, Arturo Frondizi, the Socialist Party was divided over the degree of opposition to resurgent
Peronism Peronism, also called justicialism,. The Justicialist Party is the main Peronist party in Argentina, it derives its name from the concept of social justice., name=, group= is an Argentine political movement based on the ideas and legacy of Ar ...
. The party's leaders, Repetto and veteran labor reformer Alfredo Palacios, were unable to prevent a schism in 1958 and
Américo Ghioldi Américo Ghioldi (May 23, 1899 – December 21, 1985) was an Argentine educator, publisher and prominent Socialist Party of Argentina, Socialist politician. Life and times Ghioldi was born and raised in Buenos Aires. He went to become a Professor ...
led the more anti-peronist faction into the Democratic Socialist Party, which split the Socialist vote in the 1963 election.Todo Argentina: 1958
/ref> The author of numerous books on Argentine history and policy, as well as of a biography of his friend, Juan B. Justo, Repetto died in Buenos Aires in 1965. He was 94.


References and external links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Repetto, Nicolas 1871 births 1965 deaths People from Buenos Aires Argentine people of Italian descent Socialist Party (Argentina) politicians Members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies elected in Buenos Aires Candidates for President of Argentina Argentine cooperative organizers Argentine surgeons Argentine prisoners and detainees