In art, neorealism refers to a few movements.

In literature

Portuguese neorealism was a Marxist literary movement that began slightly before Salazar's reign. It was mostly in line with

socialist realism Socialist realism is a style of idealized realistic art that was developed in the Soviet Union and was the official style in that country between 1932 and 1988, as well as in other socialist countries after World War II. Socialist realism is c ...

In painting

Neo-realism in painting was established by the ex- Camden Town Group painters

Charles Ginner Charles Isaac Ginner (4 March 1878 – 6 January 1952) was a British painter of landscape and urban subjects. Born in the south of France at Cannes, of British parents, in 1910 he settled in London, where he was an associate of Spencer Gore a ...

and Harold Gilman at the beginning of

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

. They set out to explore the spirit of their age through the shapes and colours of daily life. Their intentions were proclaimed in Ginner’s manifesto in ''New Age'' (1 January 1914), which was also used as the preface to Gilman and Ginner’s two-man exhibition of that year. It attacked the academic and warned against the ‘decorative’ aspect of imitators of Post-Impressionism. The best examples of neorealist work is that produced by these two artists;

Howard Kanovitz Howard Kanovitz (February 9, 1929 – February 2, 2009) was a pioneering painter in the Photorealist and Hyperrealist Movements, which emerged in the 1960s and 1970s in response to the abstract art movement. Howard Kanovitz, whose 50-year car ...

and also

Robert Bevan Robert Polhill Bevan (5 August 1865 – 8 July 1925) was a British painter, draughtsman and lithographer. He was a founding member of the Camden Town Group, the London Group, and the Cumberland Market Group. Early life He was born in Bruns ...

. For

he joined Cumberland Market Group in 1914.

Artists

- Vernissage, 1967 - Cologne, Museum Ludwig * Chuck Close - Linda 1975/76 Akron (OH), Akron Art Museum * Stanley Spencer - Seated Nude, 1942

In cinema

Neorealism is characterized by a general atmosphere of authenticity. André Bazin, a French film theorist and critic, argued that neorealism portrays: truth, naturalness, authenticity, and is a cinema of duration. The necessary characteristics of neo-realism in film include:Bondanella, Peter. ''La Strada,'' Rutgers Films in Print Series. Rutgers University Press: 1987, page 3-4. . * a definite social context; * a sense of historical actuality and immediacy; * political commitment to progressive social change; * authentic on-location shooting as opposed to the artificial studio; * a rejection of classical Hollywood acting styles; extensive use of non-professional actors as much as possible; * a documentary style of cinematography.

Films

Precursors *'' Land Without Bread'' (1933,

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

) *'' 1860'' (1934,

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...

) * '' An Inn in Tokyo'' (1935, Japan) * '' Toni'' (1935,

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

) * '' Aniki-Bóbó'' (1942,

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...

) * ''

People of the Mountains ''People of the Mountains'' (Hungarian: ''Emberek a havason'') is a 1942 Hungarian drama film directed by István Szőts and starring Alice Szellay, János Görbe, Péterke Ferency. The film is set in the Székely woodcutting community of Tran ...

'' (1942,

Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the ...

) * ''

Ossessione ''Ossessione'' (, English: ''Obsession'') is a 1943 Italian film based on the 1934 novel '' The Postman Always Rings Twice'' by James M. Cain. Luchino Visconti’s first feature film, it is considered by many to be the first Italian neorealist fi ...

'' (1943, Italy) * '' Saltimbancos'' (1951,

) Italian * '' Roma, città aperta'' (1945) * '' Shoeshine (Sciuscià)'' (1946) * '' Paisà'' (1946) * '' Germania anno zero'' (1948) * '' Bicycle Thieves (Ladri di biciclette)'' (1948) * '' La terra trema'' (1948) * ''

Bitter Rice ''Bitter Rice'' ( it, Riso Amaro ) is a 1949 Italian film made by Lux Film, written and directed by Giuseppe De Santis. Produced by Dino De Laurentiis, starring Silvana Mangano, Raf Vallone, Doris Dowling and Vittorio Gassman, ''Bitter Rice'' was ...

'' (1949) * '' Stromboli'' (1950) * '' Miracle in Milan'' (1951) * '' Umberto D.'' (1952) * '' La strada'' (1954) * '' Rocco and His Brothers'' (1960) * '' Il Posto'' (1961) Other countries * '' Lowly City'' (1946,

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

) * ''

Drunken Angel is a 1948 Japanese ''yakuza'' film directed by Akira Kurosawa. It is notable for being the first of sixteen film collaborations between director Kurosawa and actor Toshiro Mifune. Plot Sanada (Takashi Shimura) is an alcoholic doctor (the tit ...

'' (1948, Japan) * '' Stray Dog'' (1949, Japan) * '' Los Olvidados'' (1950, Mexico) * '' Surcos'' (1951,

) * '' Ikiru'' (1952, Japan) * ''

Nagarik ''Nagarik'' ( bn, নাগরিক), also spelled as ''Nagorik'', ''The Citizen'' in English, was the first feature-length film directed by legendary Indian director Ritwik Ghatak. Completed in 1952, it preceded Satyajit Ray's '' Pather Panch ...

'' (1952, India) * '' Tokyo Story'' (1953, Japan) * '' Two Acres of Land'' (1953, India) * '' Salt of the Earth'' (1954,

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...

) * '' Newspaper Boy'' (1955, India) * '' The Apu Trilogy'' (1955–1959, India) *'' Death of a Cyclist'' (1955, Spain) * ''

Cairo Station ''Cairo Station'', also called ''The Iron Gate'' ( ar, باب الحديد ''Bāb al-Ḥadīd''), is a 1958 Egyptian drama film directed by Youssef Chahine. It was entered for competition in the 8th Berlin International Film Festival. The film ...

'' (1958,

Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Medit ...

) * '' The Runaway'' (1958, India) * ''

The 400 Blows ''The 400 Blows'' (french: Les Quatre Cents Coups) is a 1959 French coming-of-age drama film, and the directorial debut of François Truffaut. The film, shot in DyaliScope, stars Jean-Pierre Léaud, Albert Rémy, and Claire Maurier. One of ...

'' (1959,

) * ''

A Beginning And An End ''The Beginning and the End'' ( arz, بداية و نهاية) is a 1960 Egyptian film directed by Salah Abouseif and based on the 1950 novel by the same name. It was the first film adapted from a novel written by Naguib Mahfouz. ''The Beginning ...

'' (1960,

) * '' Nothing But a Man'' (1964, United States) * '' Jeanne Dielman, 23 Quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles'' (1975, Belgium) * '' Killer of Sheep'' (1978, United States) * '' Pixote'' (1981,

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

) * '' The Stolen Children'' (1982,

) * '' Yol'' (1982,

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...

) * ''

Salaam Bombay! ''Salaam Bombay!'' is a 1988 Indian Hindi-language drama film, directed, co-written and co-produced by Mira Nair. The screenwriter was Nair's creative collaborator Sooni Taraporevala. This was the first feature film directed by Nair. The film ...

'' (1988, India) * '' Veronico Cruz'' (1988,

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

) * ''

American Me ''American Me'' is a 1992 American crime drama film produced and directed by Edward James Olmos, his first film as a director, and written by Floyd Mutrux and Desmond Nakano. Olmos also stars as the film's protagonist, Montoya Santana, loose ...

'' (1992, United States) * '' Children of Heaven'' (1997, Iran) * '' Satya'' (1998, India) * '' The City (La Ciudad)'' (1998, United States) * '' Not One Less'' (1999, China) * ''

Rosetta Rosetta or Rashid (; ar, رشيد ' ; french: Rosette ; cop, ϯⲣⲁϣⲓⲧ ''ti-Rashit'', Ancient Greek: Βολβιτίνη ''Bolbitinē'') is a port city of the Nile Delta, east of Alexandria, in Egypt's Beheira governorate. The Ro ...

'' (1999, France) * '' The Circle (Dayereh)'' (2000, Iran) * ''

Amores perros ''Amores perros'' is a 2000 Mexican psychological drama film directed by Alejandro González Iñárritu (in his feature directorial debut) and written by Guillermo Arriaga, based on a story by them both. ''Amores perros'' is the first installmen ...

'' (2000,

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

) * '' Bolivia'' (2001, Argentina) * ''

Lilja 4-Ever ''Lilya 4-ever'' ( sv, Lilja 4-ever) is a 2002 crime drama film written and directed by Lukas Moodysson, which was released in Sweden on 23 August 2002. It depicts the downward spiral of Lilja Michailova, played by Oksana Akinshina, a girl in t ...

'' (2002, Sweden) * '' Cidade de Deus'' (2002, Brazil) * '' Carandiru'' (2003, Brazil / Argentina) * '' Familia rodante'' (2004, Argentina, ''et al.'') * ''

Machuca ''Machuca'' is a 2004 internationally co-produced film co-written and directed by Andrés Wood. It stars Matías Quer, Ariel Mateluna, Manuela Martelli, and Aline Küppenheim alongside Federico Luppi. Set in Santiago during the months leadi ...

'' (2004, Chile) * '' The Death of Mr. Lazarescu'' (2005, Romania) * '' L'Enfant'' (2005, Belgium / France) * '' Man Push Cart'' (2005, United States) * '' Half Nelson'' (2006, United States) * '' Still Life'' (2006, China) * ''

4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days ''4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days'' ( ro, 4 luni, 3 săptămâni și 2 zile) is a 2007 Romanian art film written and directed by Cristian Mungiu and starring Anamaria Marinca, Laura Vasiliu, and Vlad Ivanov. The film is set in Communist Romania i ...

'' (2007, Romania) * '' Chop Shop'' (2007, United States) * ''

Ballast Ballast is material that is used to provide stability to a vehicle or structure. Ballast, other than cargo, may be placed in a vehicle, often a ship or the gondola of a balloon or airship, to provide stability. A compartment within a boat, ship ...

'' (2008, United States) * '' Frozen River'' (2008, United States) * '' Involuntary'' (2008, Sweden) * '' Lorna's Silence'' (2008, Belgium) * '' Wendy and Lucy'' (2008, United States) * ''

Fish Tank An aquarium (plural: ''aquariums'' or ''aquaria'') is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed. fishkeeping, Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amp ...

'' (2009, Great Britain) * '' Goodbye Solo'' (2009, United States) * '' Sin Nombre'' (2009, United States / Mexico) * '' Treeless Mountain'' (2009, United States / South Korea) * ''

Winter's Bone ''Winter's Bone'' is a 2010 American coming-of-age mystery drama film directed by Debra Granik. It was adapted by Granik and Anne Rosellini from the 2006 novel of the same name by Daniel Woodrell. The film stars Jennifer Lawrence as a povert ...

'' (2010, United States) * '' 0-41*'' (2016, India) * '' En el séptimo día'' (2017, United States)

References

External links

Neorealism
at the

Internet Movie Database IMDb (an abbreviation of Internet Movie Database) is an online database of information related to films, television series, home videos, video games, and streaming content online – including cast, production crew and personal biographies, ...

. {{Film genres Movements in cinema Social realism

In literature

In painting

Artists

In cinema

Films

See also

References

External links