Neomphaloidea is a

superfamily SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ...

of deep-

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

s or

limpet Limpets are a group of aquatic snails that exhibit a conical shell shape (patelliform) and a strong, muscular foot. Limpets are members of the class Gastropoda, but are polyphyletic, meaning the various groups called "limpets" descended indep ...

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s. Neomphaloidea is the only superfamily in the order Neomphalida. The order Neomphalida has the largest '' in situ'' radiation in

hydrothermal vent A hydrothermal vent is a fissure on the seabed from which geothermally heated water discharges. They are commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart at mid-ocean ridges, ocean basins, and hotspot ...

habitats. Neomphalida is a major

taxonomic Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

grouping of

sea snails Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

, vent-endemic

s that form a very ancient lineage, going back to the

Palaeozoic The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era is the earliest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic Eon. The name ''Paleozoic'' ( ;) was coined by the British geologist Adam Sedgwick in 1838 by combining the Greek words ''palaiós'' (, "old") and '' ...

era.

2005 taxonomy

The superfamily Neomphaloidea was regarded for a long time as belonging within the clade Vetigastropoda. Superfamily Neomphaloidea was also classified in the clade Vetigastropoda according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.

2010 taxonomy

Molecular phylogeny showed however that it belongs in its own order , the Neomphalida, and that this clade is basal to the Vetigastropoda. The Neomphalina is, based on optimal phylogenetic analysis, a monophyletic clade, with uncertain relations among the gastropods.

Description

The anatomical characters of the Neomphaloidea largely follow the patterns as in the Vetigastropoda. However, unusual morphological and phylogentic characters suggest a different systematic position and place it in its own order, the Neomphalida. The formal placement of Neomphalida within the Gastropoda however remains ambiguous.Stephanie W. Aktipis & Gonzalo Giribet (2010). "A phylogeny of Vetigastropoda and other “archaeogastropods”: re-organizing old gastropod clades". ''Invertebrate Biology'' 129(3): 220-240
.

Families

Families within the Neomphaloidea include: * Melanodrymiidae Salvini-Plawen & Steiner, 1995 * Neomphalidae McLean, 1981 * Peltospiridae McLean, 1989 A few genera within Neomphaloidea have been unassigned to a family: * '' Helicrenion'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993 * ''

Retiskenea ''Retiskenea'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the Superfamily (zoology), superfamily Neomphaloidea.Bouchet, P. (2010). Retiskenea Warén & Bouchet, 2001. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollu ...

'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001Bouchet, P. (2010). ''Retiskenea'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=449910 on 2017-05-26

Overview of species

Species within the Neomphaloidea include: # '' Leptogyra alaskana'' Bartsch, 1910 # '' Leptogyra constricta'' B. A. Marshall, 1988 # '' Leptogyra costellata'' Warén & Bouchet, 2009 # '' Leptogyra eritmeta'' Bush, 1897 # '' Leptogyra inconspicua'' Bush, 1897 # '' Leptogyra inflata'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993 # '' Leptogyra patula'' B. A. Marshall, 1988 # '' Leptogyra verrilli'' Bush, 1897 # '' Leptogyropsis inflata'' Hasegawa, 1997 # '' Leptogyropsis kalinovoae'' B. A. Marshall, 1988 # '' Leptogyropsis kaltanae'' B. A. Marshall, 1988 # '' Melanodrymia aurantiaca'' Hickman, 1984 # '' Melanodrymia brightae'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993 # '' Melanodrymia galeronae'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001 # '' Xyleptogyra kapalae'' B. A. Marshall, 1988 # '' Cyathermia naticoides'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989 # '' Lacunoides exquisitus'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989 # '' Lacunoides vitreus'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001 # '' Lamellomphalus manusensis'' S.-Q. Zhang & S.-P. Zhang, 2017 # ''

Neomphalus fretterae ''Neomphalus fretterae'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (b ...

'' McLean, 1981 # '' Planorbidella depressa'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993 # ''

Planorbidella planispira ''Planorbidella planispira'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Neomphalidae Neomphalidae is a family of sea snails or limpets, specifically deep sea hydrothermal vent limpets. This family was included in the ...

'' (Warén & Bouchet, 1989) # '' Solutigyra reticulata'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989 # '' Symmetromphalus hageni'' L. Beck, 1992 # '' Symmetromphalus regularis'' McLean, 1990 # '' Chrysomallon squamiferum'' Chen, Linse, Copley & Rogers, 2015 # '' Ctenopelta porifera'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993 # ''

Depressigyra globulus ''Depressigyra globulus'' is a species of sea snail and a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Peltospiridae Peltospiridae is a small family of gastropods that used to belong to the clade Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the G ...

'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989 # ''

Echinopelta fistulosa ''Echinopelta fistulosa'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Peltospiridae Peltospiridae is a small family of gastropods that used to belong to the clade Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gast ...

'' McLean, 1989 # ''

Gigantopelta aegis ''Gigantopelta aegis'' is a species of deep sea snail from hydrothermal vents, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Peltospiridae. Taxonomy It was described as a new species within new genus ''Gigantopelta'' in 2015 and it was classified ...

'' Chen, Linse, Roterman, Copley & Rogers, 2015 # ''

Gigantopelta chessoia ''Gigantopelta chessoia'' is a species of deep sea snail from hydrothermal vents, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Peltospiridae. Taxonomy The first information about this species, under the name "Peltospiroidea n. sp." or "peltospiroi ...

'' Chen, Linse, Roterman, Copley & Rogers, 2015 # '' Hirtopelta hirta'' McLean, 1989 # '' Hirtopelta tufari'' L. Beck, 2002 # '' Lirapex costellatus'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001 # '' Lirapex granularis'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989 # '' Lirapex humatus'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989 # '' Nodopelta heminoda'' McLean, 1989 # '' Nodopelta rigneae'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001 # ''

Nodopelta subnoda ''Nodopelta subnoda'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Peltospiridae. Description Distribution This marine species was found on the East Pacific Rise The East Pacific Rise is a mid-ocean rise (termed an ...

'' McLean, 1989 # '' Pachydermia laevis'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989 # '' Pachydermia sculpta'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993 # '' Peltospira delicata'' McLean, 1989 # '' Peltospira lamellifera'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989 # ''

Peltospira operculata ''Peltospira operculata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Peltospiridae Peltospiridae is a small family of gastropods that used to belong to the clade Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gast ...

'' McLean, 1989 # ''

Peltospira smaragdina ''Peltospira smaragdina'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Peltospiridae. Distribution This species occurs on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Description The maximum recorded shell Shell may refer to: Architect ...

'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001 # '' Rhynchopelta concentrica'' McLean, 1989 # '' Helicrenion reticulatum'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993 # ''

Retiskenea diploura ''Retiskenea diploura'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the superfamily Neomphaloidea Neomphaloidea is a Taxonomic rank, superfamily of deep-sea snails or limpets, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc, mollusks. ...

'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001

References

External links

Steffen Kiel (2010), ''The Vent and Seep Biota: Aspects from Microbes to Ecosystems'', Nature

Thomas Kunze, Martin Hess, Martin Brückner, Friederike Beck & Gerhard Haszprunar, ''Skeneimorph gastropods in Neomphalina and Vetigastropoda — A preliminary report'', Zoosymposia 1: 119–131 (2008); ISSN 1178-9913
{{Taxonbar, from=Q874910 Gastropod superfamilies Neomphalina Marine gastropods