Neo-Manueline is a revival style of architecture which drew from the 16th century

Manueline The Manueline ( pt, estilo manuelino, ), occasionally known as Portuguese late Gothic, is the sumptuous, composite Portuguese architectural style originating in the 16th century, during the Portuguese Renaissance and Age of Discoveries. Manuel ...

Late Gothic architecture of Portugal. Neo-Manueline constructions have been built across

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

, and the Lusophone world (the former

Portuguese Empire The Portuguese Empire ( pt, Império Português), also known as the Portuguese Overseas (''Ultramar Português'') or the Portuguese Colonial Empire (''Império Colonial Português''), was composed of the overseas colonies, factories, and the ...

History

The term ''manuelino'' was introduced in 1842 by Brazilian art historian

Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen, Viscount of Porto Seguro (February 17, 1816 – June 26, 1878), was a Brazilian diplomat and historian. He is the patron of the 39th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. He is considered "the father of modern ...

to designate the exuberant artistic style that developed during the reign of

Manuel I of Portugal Manuel I (; 31 May 146913 December 1521), known as the Fortunate ( pt, O Venturoso), was King of Portugal from 1495 to 1521. A member of the House of Aviz, Manuel was Duke of Beja and Viseu prior to succeeding his cousin, John II of Portuga ...

(1495–1521). The

style coincided with the

Age of Discovery The Age of Discovery (or the Age of Exploration), also known as the early modern period, was a period largely overlapping with the Age of Sail, approximately from the 15th century to the 17th century in European history, during which seafarin ...

and the peak of Portuguese maritime power. In the sequence of the

Gothic Revival architecture Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic, neo-Gothic, or Gothick) is an Architectural style, architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in England. The movement gained momentum and expanded in the first half of the 19th cent ...

fashion that spread for all over Europe since the middle of the 18th century, the Manueline style was considered the most authentic Portuguese

architectural style An architectural style is a set of characteristics and features that make a building or other structure notable or historically identifiable. It is a sub-class of style in the visual arts generally, and most styles in architecture relate closely ...

. Neo-Manueline started with the construction of the

Pena Palace The Pena Palace ( pt, Palácio da Pena) is a Romanticist castle in São Pedro de Penaferrim, in the municipality of Sintra, on the Portuguese Riviera. The castle stands on the top of a hill in the Sintra Mountains above the town of Sintra, and ...

Sintra Sintra (, ) is a town and municipality in the Greater Lisbon region of Portugal, located on the Portuguese Riviera. The population of the municipality in 2011 was 377,835, in an area of . Sintra is one of the most urbanized and densely populat ...

by Ferdinand II between 1839 and 1849. Another pioneering project was the restoration of the

Jerónimos Monastery The Jerónimos Monastery or Hieronymites Monastery ( pt, Mosteiro dos Jerónimos, ) is a former monastery of the Order of Saint Jerome near the Tagus river in the parish of Belém, in the Lisbon Municipality, Portugal. It became the necropolis ...

in Lisbon during the 1860s, in which the Manueline monastery gained a new tower and annexes built in Neo-Manueline style (which now house the

Maritime Museum A maritime museum (sometimes nautical museum) is a museum specializing in the display of objects relating to ships and travel on large bodies of water. A subcategory of maritime museums are naval museums, which focus on navies and the milita ...

and the National Archaeology Museum). During this time the iconic

Belém Tower Belém Tower ( pt, Torre de Belém, links=no, ), officially the Tower of Saint Vincent ( pt, Torre de São Vicente, links=no) is a 16th-century fortification located in Lisbon that served as a point of embarkation and disembarkation for Portu ...

was also restored with several Neo-Manueline additions. Other important Neo-Manueline buildings in Portugal are Rossio Railway Station, Lisbon (1886–90), Palace Hotel of Bussaco (1888–1907), the Sintra Town Hall (1906–09), the Counts of Castro Guimarães Palace in Cascais (1900) and the

Quinta da Regaleira ''Quinta da Regaleira'' is a quinta located near the historic centre of Sintra, Portugal. It is classified as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO within the "Cultural Landscape of Sintra". Along with the other palaces in the area such as the Quinta ...

(1904–10). The Neo-Manueline was also used in smaller buildings like private houses. Neo-Manueline eventually spread to the colonies and former Portuguese colonies. In

, there are several Neo-Manueline buildings, usually built by Portuguese associations. The most important of these is the ''Real Gabinete Português de Leitura'' (Royal Portuguese Library), built between 1880 and 1887 by Portuguese immigrants in the centre of

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a ...

.Real Gabinete Português de Leitura official website
Other Manueline buildings in Brazil include the Portuguese Center in Santos (''Centro Português de Santos'', 1898–1901), the Portuguese Library of

Bahia Bahia ( , , ; meaning "bay") is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the Northeast Region of the country. It is the fourth-largest Brazilian state by population (after São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro) and the 5th-largest b ...

(1915–18) and the Portuguese Literary Liceum (''Liceu Literário Português'') in Rio de Janeiro (1938). Examples of Neo-Manueline buildings can also be found in African and Asian territories of the former

Portuguese Colonial Empire The Portuguese Empire ( pt, Império Português), also known as the Portuguese Overseas (''Ultramar Português'') or the Portuguese Colonial Empire (''Império Colonial Português''), was composed of the overseas colonies, factories, and the ...

. There are also examples of buildings influenced by the Neo-Manueline style in countries that were not directly related with the Portuguese culture. A fine example is the Arseny Morozov House (1895–99) in

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 millio ...

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...

Gallery

File:Pena National Palace.JPG, Pena Palace in Sintra, Portugal. File:Palacio Bussaco, Coimbra.jpg, Buçaco Palace Hotel in

Serra do Buçaco Serra do Bussaco ( ) is a mountain range in Portugal, formerly included in the province of Beira Litoral.Lonely Planet Portugal Regis St. Louis, Robert Landon – 2007 p316 Serra do Buçaco The highest point in the range is the Cruz Alta at 549 ...

, Portugal File:Palacio-da-Regaleira1 Sintra Set-07.jpg, ''Quinta da Regaleira'' in Sintra, Portugal File:Portugues.jpg, ''Liceu Literário Português'' in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil File:Pacos do Concelho de Soure.jpg, Soure Town Hall in Soure, Portugal File:Gabinete Português de Leitura 3.jpg, ''Gabinete Português de Leitura'' in Bahia, Brazil File:Cascais09.jpg, Counts of Castro Guimarães Palace in Cascais, Portugal File:Sintra Town Hall.jpg, Sintra Town Hall in Sintra, Portugal File:Capela da Ajuda Salvador Bahia 2019-0394.jpg, Chapel of Our Lady of Help in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil File:Museu de História Natural (1933) (4108712146).jpg, Natural History Museum in Maputo, Mozambique File:Moscow Vozdvizhenka Morozov House 08-2016.jpg, Morozov Palace in

, Russia

References

{{Revivals * Architecture in Portugal Revival architectural styles 19th-century architectural styles 20th-century architectural styles

History

Gallery

See also

References