Neblina massif

Cerro de la Neblina (lit. "Mountain of the Mist"), also known as Serra da Neblina in Brazil and Sierra de la Neblina in Venezuela, is a sandstone massif located in the northern Amazon Basin. It is a tilted, heavily eroded plateau, with a deep canyon in its central portion (Cañón Grande), drained by the Baria River.

Most of the massif is in Venezuelan territory, but its southeastern ridge forms part of the Brazil–Venezuela border, and this ridge is where the highest point in the massif, Pico da Neblina, is located. At above sea level, nonymous(13 September 2004)
Four Brazilian peaks have their altitude changed
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Pico da Neblina is also the highest point in the entire country of Brazil, the highest point in the Guiana Shield, and the highest South American mountain east of the Andes. Pico da Neblina is inside Brazilian territory, but only a few hundred metres from the Venezuelan border.

The slightly lower Pico 31 de Março or Pico Phelps, a.s.l., lies next to Pico da Neblina, on the precise international border. Pico 31 de Março/Phelps is Brazil's second-highest mountain and the highest in Venezuela outside of the Andes. The massif's other named peaks include Pico Cardona, Pico Maguire, and Pico Zuloaga.

To the north of Cerro de la Neblina lie the smaller outcrops of Cerro Aracamuni and Cerro Avispa, both reaching approximately in elevation.Huber, O. (1995). Geographical and physical features. In: P.E. Berry, B.K. Holst & K. Yatskievych (eds.) '' Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Volume 1. Introduction.'' Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. pp. 1–61.

The massif was first explored in 1954 by an American expedition led by Bassett Maguire of the New York Botanical Garden that performed an aerial inspection and then climbed the massif's northwestern slopes. Brewer-Carías, C. (2011–2012)
La Neblina: el tepuy más alto y remoto
''Río Verde'' 6: 61–74. In January 1999, a group of carnivorous plant enthusiasts climbed Pico da Neblina following a 30 km hike up the previously unexplored northeastern ridge.
In 1972, '' Maguireocharis neblinae'' Steyerm. in the family Rubiaceae, was published and named after the massif and the explorer, Bassett Maguire.

Cerro de la Neblina is sometimes referred to as the Neblina Massif,McPherson, S., A. Wistuba, A. Fleischmann & J. Nerz (2011). '' Sarraceniaceae of South America''. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. though this term may also encompass Cerro Aracamuni and Cerro Avispa (a grouping of mountains more precisely known as the Neblina–Aracamuni Massif). The Neblina–Aracamuni Massif has a total summit area of roughly and an estimated slope area of , of which Cerro de la Neblina accounts for and , respectively.

Maguire's passage to Venezuela was provided by Gulf Oil executive Willard F. Jones.

See also

* Distribution of ''Heliamphora''
* Neblina uakari
* Pico da Neblina National Park
* Koyamaea neblinensis

References

Further reading

* Aymard Corredor, G.A. & J.R. Grande Allende (September 2012). ''Duranta neblinensis'' (Verbenaceae, Duranteae): a new species from Sierra de la Neblina, Amazonas state, Venezuela. ''Brittonia'' 64(3): 246–251.
* Beau-Douëzy, J.-P., M. Cambornac & E. Sampers (1999). ''Neblina: Of Mists and Scents''. Éditions de la Martinière, Paris.
review
* Berry, P.E. & M. Olson (October/December 1998). A new rheophytic species of ''Euceraea'' (Flacourtiaceae) from Sierra de la Neblina, Venezuela. ''Brittonia'' 50(4): 493–496.
* Brewer-Carías, C. (September 1972). ''Natura'' 48/49: 4–7.
* Brewer-Carías, C. (May 1973). ''Defensa de la Naturaleza'' 2(6): 17–26.
* Brewer-Carías, C. (ed.) (1988). ''Cerro de la Neblina: Resultados de la Expedición 1983–1987''. Fundación para el Desarrollo de las Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales, Caracas.
* De Marmels, J. (1989). Odonata or dragonflies from Cerro de la Neblina and the adjacent lowland between the Río Baria, the Casiquiare and the Río Negro (Venezuela). I. Adults. ''Boletin de la Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales'' 25: 11–78.
* De Marmels, J. (1989). Odonata or dragonflies from Cerro de la Neblina and the adjacent lowland between the Río Baria, the Casiquiare and the Río Negro (Venezuela). II. Additions to the adults. ''Boletin de la Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales'' 25: 81–91.
* de Phelps, K.D. (1986).
Memorias de Misia Kathy: primera Expedición Phelps al "Cerro Jimé," actual Cerro de la Neblina, enero-febrero, 1954
'. Tecniproven, Caracas.
* Dickerman, R.W. & W.H. Phelps Jr. (1987). Tres nuevos atrapamoscas (Tyrannidae) del Cerro de la Neblina Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela. ''Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales'' 41(144): 27–32.
* Fróis, R.D.L. (October–December 1956). O "Cerro de la Neblina" seria um pico da serra do Caburi. ''Revista Brasileira de Geografia'' 18(4): 535–538.
* Gardner, A.L. (1989). Two new mammals from southern Venezuela and comments on the affinities of the highland fauna of Cerro de la Neblina. In: K.H. Redford & J.F. Eisenberg (eds.) ''Advances in Neotropical Mammalogy''. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville. pp. 411–424.
* Givnish, T.J., R.W. McDiarmid & W.R. Buck (1 November 1986). Fire adaptation in ''Neblinaria celiae'' (Theaceae), a high-elevation rosette shrub endemic to a wet equatorial tepui. ''Oecologia'' 70(4): 481–485.
* Joly, L.J. (1990). Los Ibidionini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) de la expedición al Cerro de la Neblina, Venezuela. ''Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía'' 16: 207–218.
* Lourenço, W.R. & J.L. Cloudsley-Thompson (2010). ''Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa'' 47: 293–298.
* Maier, C.A. & P.J. Spangler (7 July 2011). ''Hypsilara royi'' gen. n. and sp. n. (Coleoptera, Elmidae, Larainae) from southern Venezuela, with a revised key to Larainae of the Western Hemisphere. ''Zookeys'' 116: 25–36.
* Myers, C.W., E.E. Williams & R.W. McDiarmid (9 September 1993)
A new anoline lizard (''Phenacosaurus'') from the highland of Cerro de la Neblina, southern Venezuela
''American Museum Novitates'', no. 3070: 1–15.
* Osuna, E. (1984). Notas sobre Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) del Parque Nacional "Cerro de la Neblina" Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela. ''Boletín de la Dirección de Malariología y Saneamiento Ambiental'' 24: 45–46.
* Phelps, W.H. & W.H. Phelps Jr. (31 October 1955)
Seven new birds from Cerro de la Neblina, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela
''Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington'' 68: 113–123.
* Phelps, W.H. & W.H. Phelps Jr. (8 December 1961)
A new subspecies of warbler from Cerro de la Neblina, Venezuela, and notes
''Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington'' 74: 245–247.
* Phelps, W.H. & W.H. Phelps Jr. (1965). Lista de las aves del Cerro de la Neblina, Venezuela, y notas sobre su descubrimiento y ascenso. ''Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales'' 26(109): 11–35.
* Redhead, S. & R.E. Halling (May–June 1987). ''Xeromphalina nubium'' sp. nov. (Basidiomycetes) from Cerro de la Neblina, Venezuela. ''Mycologia'' 79(3): 383–386.
* Renner, S.S. (1989). Floral biological observations on ''Heliamphora tatei'' Sarraceniaceae and other plants from Cerro de la Neblina in Venezuela. ''Plant Systematics and Evolution'' 163(1–2): 21–30.
* Rivadavia, F., V.F.O. de Miranda, G. Hoogenstrijd, F. Pinheiro, G. Heubl & A. Fleischmann (July 2012). Is ''Drosera meristocaulis'' a pygmy sundew? Evidence of a long-distance dispersal between Western Australia and northern South America. ''Annals of Botany'' 110(1): 11–21.
* Rogers, J.D., B.E. Callan, A.Y. Rossman & G.J. Samuels (January–March 1988). ''Xylaria'' (Sphaeriales, Xylariaceae) from Cerro de la Neblina, Venezuela. ''Mycotaxon'' 51(1): 103–153.
* Roze, J. A. (September 1987). Summary of coral snakes (Elapidae) from Cerro de la Neblina, Venezuela, with description of a new subspecies. ''Revue Française d'Aquariologie, Herpétologie'' 14(3): 109–112.
* Savage, H.M. (1987). Two new species of ''Miroculis'' from Cerro de la Neblina, Venezuela with new distribution records for ''Miroculis fittkaui'' and ''Microphlebia surinamensis'' (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). ''Aquatic Insects: International Journal of Freshwater Entomology'' 9(2): 97–108.
* Spangler, P.J. (July 1985)
A new genus and species of riffle beetle, ''Neblinagena prima'', from the Venezuelan tepui, Cerro de la Neblina (Coleoptera, Elmidae, Larinae)
''Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington'' 87(3): 538–544.
* Spangler, P.J. (July 1986)
Two new species of water-striders of the genus ''Oiovelia'' from the tepui Cerro de la Neblina, Venezuela (Hemiptera: Veliidae)
''Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington'' 88(3): 438–450.
* Spangler, P.J. (April 1987)
A new species of water penny beetle, ''Pheneps cursitatus'', from Cerro de la Neblina, Venezuela (Coleoptera: Dryopoidea: Psephenidae)
''Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington'' 89(2): 219–225.
* Struwe, L., M. Thiv, J.W. Kadereit, A.S.R. Pepper, T.J. Motley, P.J. White, J.H.E. Rova, K. Potgieter & V.A. Albert (December 1998). ''Saccifolium'' (Saccifoliaceae), an endemic of Sierra de la Neblina on the Brazilian–Venezuelan border, is related to a temperate-alpine lineage of Gentianaceae. ''Harvard Papers in Botany'' 3(2): 199–214.
* Struwe, L., S. Nilsson & V.A. Albert (June 2008). ''Roraimaea'' (Gentianaceae: Helieae)—a new gentian genus from white sand campinas and Cerro de la Neblina of Brazil and Venezuela. ''Harvard Papers in Botany'' 13(1): 35–45.
* Thomas, W.W. & G. Davidse (April–June 1989). ''Koyamaea neblinensis'', a new genus and species of Cyperaceae (Sclerioideae) from Cerro de la Neblina, Venezuela and Brazil. ''Systematic Botany'' 14(2): 189–196.
* Viloria, A.L. (1995). Description of a new species of ''Pedaliodes'' (Lepidoptera: Satyridae: Pronophilini) from the Cerro de La Neblina, Venezuela. ''Atalanta'' 25(3–4): 525–529.
* Willard, D.E., M.S. Foster, G.F. Barrowclough, R.W. Dickerman, P.F. Cannell, S.L. Coats, J.L. Cracraft & J.P. O'Neill (31 October 1991)
The birds of Cerro de la Neblina, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela
''Fieldiana: Zoology'' 65: 1–80.
* Wooldridge, D.P. (March 1993). Three new Limnichidae from Cerro de la Neblina, Venezuela (Coleoptera: Dryopoidea). ''The Coleopterists Bulletin'' 47(1): 35–37.
* Zweifel, R.G. (16 December 1986)
A new genus and species of microhylid frog from the Cerro de la Neblina region of Venezuela and a discussion of relationships among New World microhylid genera
''American Museum Novitates'', no. 2863: 1–24.

{{Authority control

Inselbergs of South America
Tepuis of Brazil
Mountains of Brazil
Mountains of Venezuela
International mountains of South America
Guayana Highlands
Brazil–Venezuela border
Geography of Amazonas (Venezuelan state)
Plateaus of Venezuela
Plateaus of Brazil
Tepuis of Venezuela