Navalgund Durries
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Navalgund durries, geographically tagged in India, are woven
durries Durry may refer to: *Dhurrie, a type of flat-woven rug in India and Pakistan *Ann Marie Doory, an American politician *Durrie Station Durrie Station most commonly referred to as Durrie is a pastoral lease that operates as a cattle station in ...
or a type of Indian rug with geometric designs, birds, and animal designs from
Navalgund Navalgund or Navalagunda is a panchayat town in Dharwad district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Navalagunda or Navilagunda means hill of peacocks. Navalgund is famous for Navalagunda durries. Navalagunda durries has been accorded Geographica ...
in
Dharwad district Dharwad is an administrative district of the state of Karnataka in southern India.The administrative headquarters of the district is the city of Dharwad, also known as Dharwar. Dharwad is located 425 km northwest of Bangalore and 421&nbs ...
of
Karnataka Karnataka (; ISO: , , also known as Karunāḍu) is a state in the southwestern region of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act. Originally known as Mysore State , it was renamed ''Karnat ...
, India This durrie has been registered for protection under the Geographical indication of the Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement. In 2011, it was listed as "Navalgund Durries" under the GI Act 1999 of the Government of India with registration confirmed by the Controller General of Patents Designs and Trademarks under Class 27 vide application number 61 of 27 June 2011. The logo for this durrie was registered under application number 512, dated 8 January 2015.


Location

Navalgund, where the hand-made Navalgund durries are made, is located within the geographical coordinates of .


History

Nuvulgund durrigullu, also known as "jumkhaanaa" gullu in
Kannada language Kannada (; ಕನ್ನಡ, ), originally romanised Canarese, is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by the people of Karnataka in southwestern India, with minorities in all neighbouring states. It has around 47 million native sp ...
, were initially made by a group of weavers of
Bijapur Bijapur, officially known as Vijayapura, is the district headquarters of Bijapur district of the Karnataka state of India. It is also the headquarters for Bijapur Taluk. Bijapur city is well known for its historical monuments of architectural ...
who used to live in the Jumkhaan Gulli during the reign of
Ali Adil Shah Ali Adil Shah I ( fa, ; 1558–1579) was the fifth Sultan of Adil Shahi dynasty, Bijapur Sultanate. On the day of his coronation Ali abandoned the Sunni practices and reintroduced the Shia, Shi’ah Khutbah and other practices. The Persian peo ...
. As a result of the war between the Adil Shahs and the
Vijayanagar empire The Vijayanagara Empire, also called the Karnata Kingdom, was a Hinduism, Hindu empire based in the region of South India, which consisted the modern states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Goa and some parts of Telangana an ...
, the Jumkhaan weavers sought a safe place to pursue their trade, and so migrated to Nuvulgund, initially to trade in pearls but later settled down in the town, established looms and wove durrigullu. These durrigullu are made exclusively by the women of the community, operating the looms at home. At one time, there were 75 women working on this handicraft, but due to lack of facilities and poor returns, now only some 35 women are engaged in the weaving of the rugs. Traditional
Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
women of the Sheikh Sayeed community were confined to their homes, and hence this craft became their exclusive culture and a means at home to make a living. This type of durrie is not made at any other place. The artisans are quite secretive about their art of weaving these durries, and the skill is taught only to their daughters–in-law (not to their daughters as after marriage they would go away to another family).


Manufacturing details

With the legacy of several generations of manufacturing the Navalgund durries, their specifications and procedure of manufacture are well documented. In the process of manufacture the raw cotton is procured by the weavers from the Karnataka State Handicrafts Development Corporation. Cotton 3/10s, an unbleached yarn, is used for the warp and cotton 10s of 6-ply is used for
weft Warp and weft are the two basic components used in weaving to turn thread or yarn into fabric. The lengthwise or longitudinal warp yarns are held stationary in tension on a frame or loom while the transverse weft (sometimes woof) is draw ...
. The yarns could also be purchased from the market in
Hubli Hubli, officially known as Hubballi, is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka. The twin cities Hubli–Dharwad form the second largest city in the state by area and population and the largest city in North Karnataka. Hubli is in Dharwad distr ...
. After procurement of the required material, pre-weaving process is started. This is a four-stage process. The first step being preparation of warp, which is a set of threads which runs through the length of the durries and which is covered by the weft. The decision on the length of the durrie is dictated by the 3/10s cotton converted into balls. While warp of the small durries are made in the open yard of the house, in the case of larger size durries of say size, the warps are made in large open grounds in the town. Then a detailed work procedure is followed with sticks to warp the required number of threads. This warp is then shifted to the loom inside the house and weaving is done in a set pattern using warp beams of the looms, sticks and threads. The yarn of the weft 10s cotton is then dyed with dyes of black, yellow, red, brown, blue and green colours, mixed with water, and the hanks are kept in the dye solution for 20 minutes before removal and drying. The warp is fixed on the loom (which is of vertical design, quite ancient, unlike the horizontal loom used at the ground level at other places in the country) and adequately stretched to obtain the required tension. The weaving is then started by two weavers facing each other. Patterns are introduced in the warp at the appropriate stage of weaving. Vertical and diagonal lines are marked and weaved suitably. Weft is then covered over the warp, and this covering decides the quality of the durries. Weft is layered over the warp and pressed properly by beating and tamping. The cloth beam is used to wind the cloth as the durrie gets made. The designs are decided by the weavers intuitively. The progress achieved on each loom is about . Following completion of the weaving process, the durries are removed from the loom, and the over-hanging threads are all trimmed. Tassels, in the form of knots, are made at the end of the warps. The decorative threads of white and other colours are threaded to the edges. A particular feature of these durries is that no two durries are alike in colour and size. These durries are marketed under three categories as: Jamkhana in sizes of , , and 9 ft; Navagund-ja-Namaz of , which is a prayer mat which is exclusively used by the Muslim community and *which they carry with them) for offering worship in the mosque or at any other place; and Guddar of used as a floor covering and for storing grains; this type is not manufactured by the Navalgund weavers but by a different set of weavers. Inspection of the durries is carried out by a body of officials from the Development Commissioner (Handicrafts), Director (Market Research) of the Textile Committee of the Ministry of Textiles, and a leading Master Artisan representing the Producer Associations.


See also

*
Bidriware Bidriware is a metal handicraft from the city of Bidar in southern India. It was developed in the 14th century C.E. during the rule of the Bahmani Sultans. The term "bidriware" originates from the township of Bidar, which is still the chief cent ...
*
Dharwad pedha Dharwad peda ( kn, ಧಾರವಾಡ ಪೇಡ) is an Indian sweet delicacy unique to the state of Karnataka, India. It derives its name from the city of Dharwad in Karnataka.This sweet's history is around 175 years old. Dharwad peda has been ac ...
*
Ilkal saree Ilkal sari is a traditional form of ''sari'' which is a common feminine wear in India. Ilkal sari takes its name from the town of Ilkal in the Bagalkot district of Karnataka state, India. Ilkal saris are woven using cotton warp on the body ...
*
Molakalmuru sari Molakalmuru Sari, also known as ''Karnataka Kanchipuram'', is the traditional silk sari that is weaved in the Molakalmuru, Chitradurga district, Karnataka, India. In 2011, it was granted a Geographical Indication tag and its tag number is 53. The ...


References

Bibliography *{{cite book , last= Asher , first=Catherine B. , title=India 2001: Reference Encyclopedia , url= https://books.google.com/books?id=F_BtAAAAMAAJ , year=1995 , publisher=South Asia Publications , isbn=978-0-945921-42-4 Arts of Karnataka Culture of Karnataka Economy of Karnataka Indian rugs and carpets Geographical indications in Karnataka Bidar district