Neiden ( sms, Njauddâm, sme, Njávdán, smn, Njiävđám, and fi, Näätämö, previously also ''Näytämö'') is a village area in the Sápmi area along the

Finland–Norway border The border between Norway and Finland is long. It is a land and river border between two tripoints. The western tripoint is marked by Treriksröset, a concrete cairn where both countries border Sweden. The eastern tripoint is marked by Trer ...

with about 250 inhabitants. Neiden, situated along the

Neiden River Neiden may refer to: *Neiden, Norway, a village in Sør-Varanger, Finnmark county, Norway *Neiden Chapel, a chapel in the village of Neiden, Sør-Varanger, Finnmark county, Norway *''Neidenelva'', the Norwegian name of the Näätämö River that fl ...

, actually consists of two villages 12 kilometers apart, separated by the border of Norway and Finland. One village is in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway, and the other village is in Inari Municipality in

Lapland Lapland may refer to: Places *Lapland or Sápmi, an ethno-cultural region stretching over northern Fennoscandia (parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia) **Lapland (Finland) (''Lappi''/''Lappland''), a Finnish region *** Lapland (former pr ...

, Finland. ''Neiden'' is the official name in Norway and ''Näätämö'' in Finland. The

European route E6 European route E6 ( no, Europavei 6, sv, Europaväg 6, or simply E6) is the main north-south thoroughfare through Norway as well as the west coast of Sweden. It is long and runs from the southern tip of Sweden at Trelleborg, into Norway and t ...

highway runs through the Norwegian village of Neiden. The village on the Finnish side is close to the border and has border shops.

History

Neiden became the main settlement of the westernmost ( sme, siida, i.e. the fundamental unit of the old Sami society, indicating both the area and the family group(s) exploiting it) of the Skolts and has remained relatively unchanged, leaving numerous traces of earlier use of the area intact. Neiden was governmentally divided officially in 1852. The reason for that separation was the

demarcation Demarcation is the act of creating a boundary around a place or thing. Demarcation may also refer to: *Demarcation line, a temporary border between the countries *Demarcation problem, the question of which practices of doing science permit the re ...

treaty between the Kingdom of Sweden-Norway and the Grand Duchy of Finland, which prohibited nomadic reindeer herding and moving of fishermen over the border. That caused much harm to reindeer husbandry for a long time.

World War Two

In October, 1944, German forces withdrew through the area after having failed to capture Murmansk in Operation Silver Fox. On the 26th and 27th around two hundred Soviet and German soldiers were killed around the village.Måtte begrave hundrevis av lik
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People

Most inhabitants of Neiden are Sami, Kven, and Norwegians.

Skolt Sami

The Skolts form a minority group among the Sami and are distinct from other groups in a number of ways. The Russian culture has had a strong influence on the Skolts, who adopted Christianity in its Eastern Orthodox form in the 16th century. The Skolt Sami language is highly endangered and not spoken actively in Neiden today. Almost all speakers live in Finland. The '' Ä'vv Skolt Sami Museum'', situated in Neiden, officially opened in June 2016. A Skolt Sami tradition maintained until today is the so-called Käpälä-fishing of salmon with a cast net.

Protected area

The protected area in Skoltebyen includes a number of different monuments, some of which are old enough (i.e. more than 100 years) to be automatically protected under the ''Cultural Heritage Act''. These include a Russian Orthodox graveyard, the ruins of a smoke sauna, sixteen sites of traditional turf huts known as ''gammer'' and a tiny () Russian Orthodox chapel,

St. Georg's Chapel ST, St, or St. may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Stanza, in poetry * Suicidal Tendencies, an American heavy metal/hardcore punk band * Star Trek, a science-fiction media franchise * Summa Theologica, a compendium of Catholic philosophy ...

, built 1565 by Tryphon of Pechenga. In addition, many of the natural features of the area have been and are being used in religious ceremonies, such as baptism. The formal protection (scheduling) of the settlement was carried out in order to safeguard its historical and religious importance as well as the integrity of the landscape. This is the most important cultural heritage site for the Skolts and their surviving culture in Norway. The protection order was issued to prevent the area from being developed in a way that would reduce its significance and cultural value, while at the same time encouraging use that will communicate, maintain and develop the Skolt culture. The protection order does not affect the commercial salmon fishing in the

nor other commercial activities in the area.

Religion

The oldest church in Neiden (and in Finnmark) is St. Georg's Russian Orthodox chapel (built 1565), mentioned above. There is also the Lutheran

Neiden Chapel Neiden Chapel ( no, Neiden kapell) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. It is located in the village of Neiden. It is one of the churches for the Sør-Varanger parish which ...

, built in 1902 in the classical style of a Norwegian stave church. It was built as part of a deliberate policy of

Norwegianization Norwegianization (''Fornorsking av samer'') was an official policy carried out by the Norwegian government directed at the Sámi and later the Kven people of northern Norway, in which the goal was to assimilate non-Norwegian-speaking native popula ...

of Eastern Finnmark in the face of fear of Russian encroachment.

References

External links

NeidenSkolt Sámi Culture Across bordersNeiden Blog (finnish)NeidenfossenOfficial website Skoltsami museum in Neiden
{{Authority control Villages in Finnmark Villages in Inari, Finland Populated places of Arctic Norway Populated places of Arctic Finland