![Nymphenburg-porzellan](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Nymphenburg-porzellan.jpg)
The Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory (German: ''Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg'') is located at the ''Nördliche Schloßrondell'' in one of the ''Cavalier Houses'' in front of the
Nymphenburg Palace
The Nymphenburg Palace (german: Schloss Nymphenburg, Palace of the Nymphs) is a Baroque palace situated in Munich's western district Neuhausen-Nymphenburg, in Bavaria, southern Germany. Combined with the adjacent Nymphenburg Palace Park it consti ...
in
Munich
Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the States of Germany, German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the List of cities in Germany by popu ...
, Germany, and since its establishment in 1747 has produced
porcelain
Porcelain () is a ceramic material made by heating substances, generally including materials such as kaolinite, in a kiln to temperatures between . The strength and translucence of porcelain, relative to other types of pottery, arises mainl ...
of high quality. It is one of the last porcelain producers in the world where every single part is made entirely by hand.
[
]
History
After his accession in 1745 Maximilian III Joseph, Prince-Elector of Bavaria, commanded the establishment of manufacturing companies in order to bail out the state finances. On 11 November 1747 the first manufactory with potters and modelling shops, painting and writing rooms was set up at the ''Grüne Schlössl'', ''Neudeck Castle'' formerly located in the area of the modern day Munich borough of Au-Haidhausen. Not until 1754 after Joseph Jakob Ringler had mastered the complex processes of production, regular manufacture of porcelain finally began to succeed. In the same year the rococo
Rococo (, also ), less commonly Roccoco or Late Baroque, is an exceptionally ornamental and theatrical style of architecture, art and decoration which combines asymmetry, scrolling curves, gilding, white and pastel colours, sculpted moulding, ...
porcelain sculptor Franz Anton Bustelli
Franz Anton Bustelli (12 April 1723 – 18 April 1763) was a Swiss-born German modeller for the Bavarian Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory from 1754 to his death in 1763. He is widely regarded as the finest modeller of porcelain in the Rococo ...
came to work at the factory. In 1755 the factory received its first commission from the Bavarian court and in 1756 came the first success in painting the porcelain in colour. The skillful management of lawyer and entrepreneur Count Sigmund von Haimhausen ensured that by 1758 the factory was placed on a sound commercial footing. In 1761 the manufacture moved to a Cavalier house
A cavaliers' house or cavalier house (from "cavalier" meaning horseman or cavalryman) was a building that formed part of the ensemble of a stately home, palace or ''schloss'' and was used to accommodate the royal or princely household. They em ...
, a prestigious two-storey hipped roof building with a semicircular risalit center and structured plaster on the grand circle near the main entrance of the Nymphenburg Palace
The Nymphenburg Palace (german: Schloss Nymphenburg, Palace of the Nymphs) is a Baroque palace situated in Munich's western district Neuhausen-Nymphenburg, in Bavaria, southern Germany. Combined with the adjacent Nymphenburg Palace Park it consti ...
, where it is still located today.
Among the artists who followed Bustelli were Dominik Auliczek
Dominik Auliczek (or Dominikus, Dominic, Aulizek; 1 August 1734 – 15 April 1804) was a sculptor and porcelain designer born in Bohemia who was employed for many years by the porcelain factory at the Nymphenburg Palace, Munich, Bavaria.
Life
D ...
the elder (1734–1804) and Johann Peter Melchior. A great promoter of the works was Ludwig I
en, Louis Charles Augustus
, image = Joseph Karl Stieler - King Ludwig I in his Coronation Robes - WGA21796.jpg
, caption = Portrait by Joseph Stieler, 1825
, succession=King of Bavaria
, reign =
, coronation ...
, who gave them many commissions. Particular favourites were dinner services with copies of famous paintings or with Bavarian landscapes in an antique style.
In 1822 Friedrich von Gärtner
Friedrich von Gärtner (10 December 1791 in Koblenz – 21 April 1847 in Munich) was a German architect.
Biography
His father was also an architect, and moved in 1804 to Munich, where young Gärtner received his first education in architect ...
, the fashionable architect, was appointed artistic director of the factory. In the middle of the 19th century its financial position deteriorated to the extent that in 1856 all artistic production was halted and it was decided to privatise the factory. It was leased out for the first time in 1862 and its focus shifted to the production of technical, medical and sanitary porcelain goods.
In 1887 Albert Bäuml (1855–1929) took a lease of the factory. His aim was to regain the previous high artistic level of the factory's products: it was Bäuml, for example, who "rediscovered" Bustelli. This aim was realised at around the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and besides historical copies, elegant Jugendstil
''Jugendstil'' ("Youth Style") was an artistic movement, particularly in the decorative arts, that was influential primarily in Germany and elsewhere in Europe to a lesser extent from about 1895 until about 1910. It was the German counterpart of ...
ceramics were developed.[
The product range includes services, mocca cups, figurines, animal figurines, Bavarica, baskets, vases, maiolica, table decoration and accessories. The customers of these exquisite products include the international aristocracy, embassies, churches and palaces at home and abroad.][
Since 1975 the factory has been leased by the ]Bavarian government
The politics of Bavaria takes place within a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic, where the Federal Government of Germany exercises sovereign rights with certain powers reserved to the states of Germany inclu ...
to the Wittelsbach Compensation Fund (Wittelsbacher Ausgleichsfonds). In 2011 it was taken over by Prince Luitpold of Bavaria.
The Nymphenburg Palace also accommodates the Nymphenburg Porcelain Museum (the Bäuml Collection). Guided tours through the factory can be arranged by prior appointment. Nymphenburg Palace is known to have been the working place of artists and sculptors like Hanns Goebl
Hanns Goebl ( – ) was a Bavarian sculptor who worked for the Nymphenburg Porcelain Factory. During the 1930s and 1940s he produced several works of art for the Nazis.
Goebl was born in Munich. From 1924 to 1929 he was a student at the A ...
, William Brand and Franz Anton Bustelli.
See also
* Porcelain manufacturing companies in Europe
Porcelain manufacturing companies are firms which manufacture porcelain.
European porcelain manufacturers before the 18th century
The table below lists European manufacturers of porcelain established before the 18th century. This table may be sort ...
References
Bibliography
* Marita Krauss: ''Die königlich-bayerischen Hoflieferanten.'' Volk Verlag, Munich 2008, ,
* Katharina Hantschmann: ''Nymphenburger Porzellan 1797 bis 1847. Geschichte, Modelle, Dekore.'' Klinkhardt und Biermann, Munich 1996, ,
* Friedrich H. Hofmann: ''Geschichte der bayerischen Porzellan-Manufaktur Nymphenburg.'' 3 Volumes. Hiersemann, Leipzig 1921–1923, reprint: Scherer, ''Edition Arkanum'', Berlin 1991, .
* Barbara Krafft, Max Oppel: ''250 Jahre Porzellan-Manufaktur Nymphenburg 1747 – 1997.'' IP-Verlags-Gesellschaft, Munich 1997, .
* Timo Nüßlein: ''Paul Ludwig Troost (1878–1934).'' Böhlau, Wien u. a. 2012, ,
* Timo Nüßlein: ''Der „Erste Baumeister des Dritten Reichs“ und das Porzellan – Paul Ludwig Troost und die Staatliche Porzellanmanufaktur Nymphenburg'', in: ''Keramos'' 220, , Gesellschaft der Keramikfreunde, Deggendorf 2013.
* Arno Schönberger: ''Nymphenburger Porzellan.'' Prestel, Munich 1949 (''Bilderhefte des Bayerischen Nationalmuseums München'' 4).
* Rainer Schuster: ''Nymphenburger Porzellan. Kostbarkeiten aus der Sammlung Bäuml und dem Residenzmuseum Munich.'' , Munich 1997, .
* Rosel Termolen (Hrsg.): ''Nymphenburger Porzellan.'' 3. Auflage. Rosenheimer, Rosenheim 1997, ,
* Hans Thoma: ''Porzellan-Manufaktur Nymphenburg. 1747–1947. Zweihundert Jahre Nymphenburg.'' Bruckmann, Munich 1947.
* Alfred Ziffer: ''Nymphenburger Porzellan. Sammlung Bäuml.'' Arnold, Stuttgart 1997, .
* Rainer Schuster, 1997. ''Nymphenburger Porzellan. Kostbarkeiten aus der Sammlung Bäuml und dem Residenzmuseum München''. Munich: Bayerische Verwaltung der staatlichen Schlösser, Gärten und Seen.
External links
*
Museum of Nymphenburg Porcelain
–
{{Authority control
Luxury brands
Ceramics manufacturers of Germany
Buildings and structures in Munich
Manufacturing companies based in Munich
Bavarian Royal Warrant holders
German porcelain
1761 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
Companies established in 1761