Nyangrel Nyima Özer (''Nyang ral nyi ma 'od zer, c.'' 1124–1192) was an important

Nyingma Nyingma (literally 'old school') is the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism. It is also often referred to as ''Ngangyur'' (, ), "order of the ancient translations". The Nyingma school is founded on the first lineages and transl ...

tertön, a revealer of terma treasure texts in

Tibetan Buddhism Tibetan Buddhism (also referred to as Indo-Tibetan Buddhism, Lamaism, Lamaistic Buddhism, Himalayan Buddhism, and Northern Buddhism) is the form of Buddhism practiced in Tibet and Bhutan, where it is the dominant religion. It is also in maj ...

Overview

Nyima Özer was considered to be a reincarnation of

King Trisong Detsen Tri Songdetsen () was the son of Me Agtsom, the 38th emperor of Tibet. He ruled from AD 755 until 797 or 804. Tri Songdetsen was the second of the Three Dharma Kings of Tibet, playing a pivotal role in the introduction of Buddhism to Tibet and th ...

. He was a lay yogi and had two sons: Nam mkha’ ‘od zer and Nam’mkha’ dpal ba (who was also his main disciple and heir).Biography Of Nyang ral nyi ma 'od zer
''from the Tibetan Renaissance Seminar,'' UVACollab, The University of Virginia. Nyang Ral Nyima Özer had several teachers, in particular, he studied with his father - the great master Nyangtona. His teachers were Gyanonpa Tondo, Zhikpo Nyima Senge, Mel and Kavachepa Tonpa Khache. Guru Chowang (Gu ru chos kyi dbang phyug, 1212-1270) was considered to have been a reincarnation of Nyima Özer.Germano 2005b He was born in 1124 or 1136 in Lhodrak to Nyangtona Choki Khorlo and his wife, Pema Devatsel. According to traditional Tibetan literature, when he was eight years old, he had visions of Sakyamuni Buddha, Avalokitesvara and

Padmasambhava Padmasambhava ("Born from a Lotus"), also known as Guru Rinpoche (Precious Guru) and the Lotus from Oḍḍiyāna, was a tantric Buddhist Vajra master from India who may have taught Vajrayana in Tibet (circa 8th – 9th centuries)... According ...

. Padmasambhava appeared to him, gave him teachings and a list of termas. He discovered many volumes of treasure teachings, such as: the '' Maṇi Kambum'', the ''Tantra of the Gathering of the Sugatas of the Eight Transmitted Precepts'', and the doctrinal ''Cycles of the Great Compassionate One'', the ''Peaceful and Wrathful Aspects of the Guru'', and the ''Cycle of Mahakala and Malevolent Mantra.'' Nyima Özer also wrote a history of Padmasambhava and is considered one of the main creators of the influential Tibetan Padmasambhava cult.Germano 2005 p. 2548 According to Germano, "it may be that it was the towering figure of Nyang ral nyi ma ’od zer – one of the main architects of the Padmasambhava mythos – who first linked Padmasambhava to the

Great Perfection Dzogchen (, "Great Perfection" or "Great Completion"), also known as ''atiyoga'' ( utmost yoga), is a tradition of teachings in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism and Yungdrung Bon aimed at discovering and continuing in the ultimate ground of existence ...

in a high-profile manner." Likewise, his discovery of the ''Mani Kabum'' had a great influence on the Tibetan worship of Chenrezig (Avalokitesvara). Nyima Özer is also known for his revelation of the "Crown Pith" series of Dzogchen tantras, which according to David Germano, "belongs to newer Padmasambhava-centric Great Perfection traditions emerging in the twelfth century." Though these texts may have also been further expanded and edited by his son and by Guru Chowang. Germano explains these texts as follows:

The content is fairly uniform: the texts are very philosophically oriented, and overflowing with a variety of symbolic literary devices such as allegory, symbolic encoding, striking images, and so forth. There is almost no exposition of techniques, ritualistic or contemplative, and also little in the way of funerary influences. In short, the texts are philosophical poetry rather than practical handbooks of praxis techniques; instead of the blood and violence of later tantra, we find lyrical and elegant verses on light and darkness, purity and pollution, freedom and bondage, illusion and reality, plurality and unity, embodiment and mind.

Germano also writes that

there is a constant motif throughout the literature of the superiority of Crown Pith to the Great Perfection or Transcendence Yoga, indicating that competing Great Perfection movements formed some of its main targets. The subordinated Transcendent Pith Great Perfection (''A ti rdzogs chen'') is consistently associated more with the side of manifestation and vision and is described as retaining a degree of exertion, conceptuality, and focus on appearances, while the Crown Pith is presented as an uncompromising non-duality zeroed in on original purity (''ka dag''), one of the most common terms in the text. The tradition never really took off beyond Nyang ral nyi ma ’od zer and his immediate disciples.

References

Sources

* Dudjom Rinpoche (Jikdrel Yeshe Dorje). ''The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism Its Fundamentals and History.'' Trans. Matthew Kapstein. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1991. * Phillips, Bradford Lyman. ''Consummation and Compassion in medieval Tibet: The Maṇi bka’-’bm chen-mo of Guru Chos-kyi Dbang-phyug.'' Diss. U of Virginia, 2004. * Germano, David (2005), ''"Dzogchen",'' in Jones, Lindsay (ed.), Macmillan Encyclopedia of Religion. Vol.4: Dacian Riders – Esther, MacMillan Reference USA. * Germano, David (2005b), ''"The Funerary Transformation of the Great Perfection (Rdzogs chen)",'' Journal of the International Association of Tibetan Studies (1): 1–54 {{authority control 1124 births 1192 deaths Nyingma lamas Tertöns 12th-century lamas