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A nuno sa punso ("old man of the mound"), or simply nuno ("old man" or "grandparent" "ancestor"), is a
dwarf Dwarf or dwarves may refer to: Common uses *Dwarf (folklore), a being from Germanic mythology and folklore * Dwarf, a person or animal with dwarfism Arts, entertainment, and media Fictional entities * Dwarf (''Dungeons & Dragons''), a humanoid ...
-like nature spirit ('' anito'') in
Philippine mythology Philippine mythology is the body of stories and epics originating from, and part of, the indigenous Philippine folk religions, which include various ethnic faiths distinct from one another. Philippine mythology is incorporated from various ...
. It is believed to live in an anthill or
termite Termites are small insects that live in colonies and have distinct castes (eusocial) and feed on wood or other dead plant matter. Termites comprise the infraorder Isoptera, or alternatively the epifamily Termitoidae, within the order Blatto ...
mound, hence its name, literally 'Ancestor/Grandparent living in the anthill'.


Description

"The "nono" are the spirits of the ancestors. When a tree is to be felled, or a piece of virgin ground broken, or on many other occasions, permission is asked of the nono, in order to avoid the misfortune that would come from angering it. The ''nuno'' is described to be a small old man with a long beard, but differs from a duwende or dwarf of Philippine folklore. The duwende is a playful
hobgoblin A hobgoblin is a household spirit, typically appearing in folklore, once considered helpful, but which since the spread of Christianity has often been considered mischievous. Shakespeare identifies the character of Puck in his ''A Midsummer Nig ...
who shows himself to children, while the ''nuno'' is a goblin easily angered that will do harm to those who damage or disturb his mound, and will seek retribution, for example by causing the foot of someone who kicked his mound to become swollen. Nuno sa punso are also believed to inhabit places such as underneath large rocks, trees, riverbanks, caves, or a backyard.


Magical abilities

Nunos have the ability to curse trespassers. A curse may include the following: * Swelling or pain on any part of the body * Vomiting of blood * Urinating black liquid * Excessive hair growth on the back In order for a nuno to successfully curse a person, the trespasser must be in close proximity to the nuno. If the trespasser is within range, the Nuno can spit on any part of the trespasser's body. The trespasser will then experience aches or soreness on the affected part of the body, such as
stomach The stomach is a muscular, hollow organ in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates. The stomach has a dilated structure and functions as a vital organ in the digestive system. The stomach i ...
pains, swollen genitals (after urinating on the mound), or swollen feet (after kicking the mound).


Countering ''nuno'' curses

It is a common belief in the Philippines that if modern
medicine Medicine is the science and practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care pr ...
is unable to cure a particular illness, the ailment may be due to a ''nuno''s curse. The victim is brought to an ''
albularyo Albularyo is a Filipino term for a witch doctor, folk healer or medicine men. They practice folk medicine and use medicinal plants in their trade. Overview Role and functions An albularyo is a "folk doctor" commonly found in the more rural areas ...
'', a Philippine practitioner of
traditional medicine Traditional medicine (also known as indigenous medicine or folk medicine) comprises medical aspects of traditional knowledge that developed over generations within the folk beliefs of various societies, including indigenous peoples, before the ...
. The ''albularyo'' will perform a type of divination known as ''pagtatawas''. During this ritual, a burning piece of alum (''tawas'') or a candle is melted and poured onto a disc or spoon. The molten matter is then dribbled over a basin of water, allowing the alum or wax to cool and form shapes on the water's surface. These will then be interpreted by the ''albularyo'' as signs pointing to the cause of the patient's illness and whether a curse has transpired. In order to be cured, the victim's family may be asked to provide an offering to the nuno such as fruits or other food, drink, or a material object. If the victim is still sick after the offering, it may be necessary to personally ask the nuno's forgiveness, which is believed to be a wise measure in order to prevent permanent
possession Possession may refer to: Law * Dependent territory, an area of land over which another country exercises sovereignty, but which does not have the full right of participation in that country's governance * Drug possession, a crime * Ownership * ...
of the victim by an evil spirit, which could later cause insanity. It is also possible to kill the nuno by catching it and crushing its head between a person's fingers or thighs. This will remove any spell cast by the nuno. But this method is often not recommended as it could incur the wrath of a nuno's kin and friends. Nunos are protectors of the Earth, and have the ability to sense goodness and evil. If you radiate purity, they are able to tell, and will often reveal themselves. If you have skepticism, cynicism or darkness, they will avoid you or make you ill so you stay away from the area. When countryside becomes modernized and urbanized, the nunos often flee, die, or go further down into the earth.


Precautions

To avoid the wrath of a nuno sa Punso, children are reminded not to play outside between noon and three o'clock in the afternoon. They are also asked by their parents to come home before six o'clock in the evening. Children are also instructed to avoid being noisy at places where nuno are believed to dwell. Children are also warned to ask permission or give fair notice before passing by such places inhabited by the nuno, which is done by saying ''"tabi tabi po"''(literally ''"please be on the side"'' or ''"please move aside"'', that is, you tell the nuno to stand aside), or "please let me pass by" or "I mean no harm as I pass through your territory, Old Man of the Mound".


Disrespect

Although most people that believe in the spirit respect the nuno and will abide by the many unwritten rules that ensure a peaceful coexistence between
human beings Humans (''Homo sapiens'') are the most abundant and widespread species of primate, characterized by bipedalism and exceptional cognitive skills due to a large and complex brain. This has enabled the development of advanced tools, culture, an ...
and nuno, others will, for a variety of reasons, actively seek to disrespect or offend them. A disrespectful person will purposely trample around in tall grassy areas, places where nuno are also believed to inhabit or will intentionally
urinate Urination, also known as micturition, is the release of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body. It is the urinary system's form of excretion. It is also known medically as micturition, voiding, uresis, ...
on suspected nuno anthills to display dominance over the mound dweller.


References

*Tagalog-English Dictionary by Leo James English, Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, Manila, distributed by National Book Store, 1583 pages, *http://www.retrato.com.ph/photodtl.asp?id=SS00205 *http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1066706 *http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0787100/ *http://www.language.berkeley.edu/ucfcp/unit5/gawain.php {{Philippine mythology Philippine legendary creatures Dwarves (folklore) Goblins Philippine mythology Austronesian spirituality