Nueva Guinea
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Nueva Guinea () is a town and a
municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
in the
South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region The South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region is one of two autonomous regions in Nicaragua. It covers an area of and has a population of 420,935 (2021 estimate). The capital is Bluefields. Bordering the Caribbean Sea, it contains part of the re ...
of
Nicaragua Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the cou ...
. Nueva Guinea was founded in the 1960s and saw significant growth in the early 1970s as the US
Peace Corps The Peace Corps is an independent agency and program of the United States government that trains and deploys volunteers to provide international development assistance. It was established in March 1961 by an executive order of President John F. ...
helped to move families from the Pacific region of Nicaragua to Nueva Guinea in exchange for free land and agricultural help. 20 km east of Leon Nicaragua, Cerro Negro erupted on 3 February 1971, causing extensive ash fall to the west. Up to 10 cm of ash were deposited in villages near the volcano. The eruption ended on 14 February. Much farmland was damaged by the ash fall from the eruption. USAID and/or perhaps U.S. Peace Corps, in conjunction with the Government of Nicaragua, provided aid consisting of elements of the U.S. Air Force 24th Special Operations Squadron, Howard Air Force Base, Canal Zone (Panama). In an effort encompassing approximately 3 weeks in early 1971, U.S.A.F. C123K aircraft conducted numerous sorties between Leon Nicaragua and Nueva Guinea relocating an estimated 1000 families along with their livestock and pets to Nueva Guinea. Helping to coordinate the weeks-long relief effort were 2 U.S.A.F. combat controllers on site throughout at Nueva Guinea. The two controllers provided radio communications, set up and maintained a non directional beacon navigation aid, provided weather observations and updated airfield status reports helping to ensure safe air operations. Skilled pilots landed the high-wing C123s on the unimproved runway surface at Nueva Guinea onto a sod runway surface not much wider than the fuselage and landing gear of the large aircraft. The high wings extended over meter high berms along each side of the runway. Part way into the mission, a bulldozer was airlanded by the C123K aircraft. The bulldozer was used to extend the runway and over-run area and some levelling of the berms along the runway length was accomplished. This was done in order to increase runway safety. During the weeks-long mission, the on site air force controllers were joined each day alongside the runway by several of the local children ages from about two years to perhaps 14 years who watched the goings-on and were delightful companions to the two working controllers. The disaster response relocation of Nicaraguan citizens was of a magnitude (estimated 1000 families) that was at the time quite significant to the Nueva Guinea community. It is believed at that time (1971) that Nueva Guinea lacked all-weather road connections. The road connecting to populated regions of Nicaragua was only believed passable during the dry season. In 1971 there was a medium size electric generator in the town that operated for several hours nightly, powering some street lights and perhaps a few basic shops and homes. Refrigeration was accomplished with "ice boxes" and ice, packed in burlap bags with sawdust for insulation was flown in regularly. It is believed that two local bakers alternated bread making duties for the townspeople and fresh beef or pork was available- usually one or the other- depending upon the butchering schedule. As chickens seemed numerous, eggs were readily available at the small restaurant in town. At the time of the air mission, in addition to the two USAF personnel in town there was one U.S. citizen known to reside longer-term in Nueva Guinea, that being a Catholic aid worker from Sheboygan, Wisconsin USA. (Written by a USAF combat controller who lived at Nueva Guinea throughout the relief mission in 1971.)


Geography

The municipality shares borders to the north with the municipalities of Bullocks Wharf and
El Rama Rama is a municipality and a city in the South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region of Nicaragua.
Inifom ...
; to the south with San Carlos, Río San Juan, San Carlos, El Castillo and
Bluefields Bluefields is the capital of the South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region, South Caribbean Autonomous Region in Nicaragua. It was also the capital of the former Mosquito Coast, Kingdom of Mosquitia, and later the Zelaya Department, which was divid ...
; to the east with El Rama and Bluefields; and to the west with those of
El Almendro El Almendro (meaning "The Almond Tree") is a rural municipality in the Río San Juan department of Nicaragua. Tradition states that El Almendro was founded in 1892, when Nery López, Perfecto Romero Acosta, Francisco González, and others, sear ...
,
Villa Sandino Villa Sandino is a municipality in the Chontales Department of Nicaragua Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Cost ...
and San Miguelito. The county seat is located 292 km from the city of Managua. The town is divided about halfway through the mountains of the Cordillera de Yolaina.


Nature and Climate

Nueva Guinea has a
tropical monsoon climate An area of tropical monsoon climate (occasionally known as a sub-equatorial, tropical wet climate or a tropical monsoon and trade-wind littoral climate) is a tropical climate sub-type that corresponds to the Köppen climate classification category ...
(
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (born 1951), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and ...
: ''Am''). The average annual rainfall of 2,245 millimeters. The territory on which sits the town consists of Tertiary basaltic volcanic deposits, and on these rocks primarily an upper layer of red clay with thicknesses ranging between 50 and 60 feet in the subsequent layer is often gravel. All these soils have low fertility rates to media.


Towns

In Nueva Guinea there is a unique system of territorial organization in the country: the administrative unit immediately to the city are the districts in which there are five not including the village and each district comprises a number of colonies ranging from two to twelve and the colonies are in turn subdivided into districts comarcas.3 states do are: Talolinga, Naciones Unidas, La Fonseca, La Union and Nueva Guinea.


Economy

The main economic activity is agriculture, particularly agriculture (quequisque, cassava, taro, bananas, tomatoes, rice, beans, corn, etc.), Since livestock is intended primarily for domestic consumption locally and nationally. The low productivity for agriculture of land won from the jungle a few years after plowing makes the peasants will continue leaving for pasture and forest clearing, which is calculated in a few decades could float away all the forests area. Now it seems one of the most developed municipalities of Nicaragua, but this development is based on unsustainable agricultural activities and not suitable for the tropical wet forest vocation.


History

The territory has been inhabited since ancient times, in the Punta Gorda River basin remains have been discovered almost destroyed in a pre-Hispanic civilization edified concentric structures, and analysis of pottery collected by Smithsonian researchers date it to about 3000 to 4000 years before the present era. In the first half of the twentieth century began colonizing the area with the first clearing of jungle, being from 1950 when it began to populate the area for extractive activities such as rubber and wood raicilla


University

The area has universities:
University of the Autonomous Regions of the Nicaraguan Caribbean Coast The University of the Autonomous Regions of the Nicaraguan Caribbean CoastUniversity of the Assemblies of God, Martin Luther A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...
(UML)
West University West University Place, often called West University or West U for short, is a city located in the U.S. state of Texas within the metropolitan area and southwestern Harris County. At the 2020 U.S. census, the population of the city was 14,955. ...
(UDO) Agricultural Technical Education Center (CETA / INATEC).


International relations


Twin towns – Sister cities

Nueva Guinea is twinned with the following cities:


References


External links

* Census 2005 - National Institute of Statistics and Censuses, Nicaragua
Nicaraguan Institute for Municipal Development

Mayor of Nueva Guinea
Socioeconomic Municipality Population Census, December 1999. {{South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region Municipalities of the South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region