Nowy Targ (Officially: ''Royal Free city of Nowy Targ'', Yiddish: ''Naymark'', Goral Dialect: ''Miasto'') is a
town
A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world.
Origin and use
The word "town" shares an ori ...
in southern
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
, in the
Lesser Poland Voivodeship. It is located in the
Orava-Nowy Targ Basin at the foot of the
Gorce Mountains
The Gorce Mountains ( pl, Gorce ) are part of the Western Beskids mountain range spreading across southernmost Poland. They are situated in Małopolska Province, at the western tip of the long Carpathian range extending east beyond the Dunajec ...
, at the confluence of the
Czarny Dunajec
Czarny Dunajec , ( sk, Čierny Dunajec) is a town located in southern Poland near the Polish- Slovak border. Czarny Dunajec is in the Nowy Targ County ''(Polish: Powiat Nowotarski)'' and in the Lesser Poland. Czarny Dunajec is about 60 miles south ...
and the
Biały Dunajec
Biały Dunajec , ( sk, Biely Dunajec) is a village in southern Poland situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999; it was previously in Nowy Sącz Voivodeship from 1975–1998. It lies approximately north-east of Zakopane and south of t ...
. It is the seat of the
Nowy Targ County and the rural
Gmina Nowy Targ
__NOTOC__
Gmina Nowy Targ is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Nowy Targ County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Nowy Targ, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.
The gmina cov ...
, as well as the
Tatra Euroregion.
With 33,293
inhabitants, Nowy Targ is the largest town and the historic capital of
Podhale
Podhale (literally "below the mountain pastures") is Poland's southernmost region, sometimes referred to as the "Polish Highlands". The Podhale is located in the foothills of the Tatra range of the Carpathian mountains. It is the most famous ...
, as well as its main commercial, communication and industrial center.
The town has the
Podhale State Vocational University and the
highest located airport in Poland.
Established before 1233, Nowy Targ received city rights on June 22, 1346 from King
Casimir the Great. The historic architectural and urban complex of the town with a
medieval market square has been preserved to this day.
Toponymy
In 1233, a settlement called in pl, Stare Cło, lit=Old Toll ( la, Antiquum Theoloneum) or pl, Długie Pole, lit=Long Field is mentioned in the vicinity of the present town. Later, a settlement of ,
[Filip Sulimierski, Bronisław Chlebowski, Władysław Walewski: ''Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich'', Warszawa 1880, tom VII, s. 307–310.] was established in the new place. The name of the town was spelled in pl, Nowy Targ, lit=New Market or .
The town's full official name is , which can be translated as 'Royal Free Town Nowy Targ'. Nowy Targ was a
royal town of the
Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and was granted
staple right
The staple right, also translated stacking right or storage right, both from the Dutch ''stapelrecht'', was a medieval right accorded to certain ports, the staple ports. It required merchant barges or ships to unload their goods at the port and to ...
in 1638. In nearby
Slovakia
Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, links=no ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the s ...
, the town is known as .
Nowy Targ is commonly called in the
Goral
The gorals are four species in the genus ''Naemorhedus''. They are small ungulates with a goat-like or antelope-like appearance. Until recently, this genus also contained the serow species (now in genus '' Capricornis'').
Etymology
The original ...
dialect of pl, Miasto, lit=the Town. During the foundation period, the town was called the German name , and during the
Austrian partition
The Austrian Partition ( pl, zabór austriacki) comprise the former territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth acquired by the Habsburg monarchy during the Partitions of Poland in the late 18th century. The three partitions were conduct ...
it was called ( yi, נײַ־מאַרק) by local Jews. During the
German occupation of Poland
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ger ...
, the authorities of the
General Government introduced the official name of .
Timeline of town history
* 1308 -
Cistercians receive a land grant to form new settlements in the mountain region. A border settlement called Stare Cło (german: Altzoll, en, Old Customs Post) is founded soon thereafter.
* 1346 - Nowy Targ founded by King
Casimir the Great, based on the Stare Cło settlement, and granted significant internal autonomy based on
Magdeburg law
Magdeburg rights (german: Magdeburger Recht; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within ...
.
* 1487 - King
Casimir IV Jagiellon
Casimir IV (in full Casimir IV Andrew Jagiellon; pl, Kazimierz IV Andrzej Jagiellończyk ; Lithuanian: ; 30 November 1427 – 7 June 1492) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440 and King of Poland from 1447, until his death. He was one of the m ...
grants the rights to two annual festivals, and a weekly market fair on Thursdays. (The weekly open-air market continues to this day, now on Thursday and Saturday mornings.)
* 1533 - Nowy Targ obtains a
statute requiring merchants to pass through the city when crossing the border.
* 1601 - Great fire destroys the parochial church and city records.
* 1656 -
Swedish troops sack the town during the
Deluge
A deluge is a large downpour of rain, often a flood.
The Deluge refers to the flood narrative in the Biblical book of Genesis.
Deluge may also refer to:
History
*Deluge (history), the Swedish and Russian invasion of the Polish-Lithuanian Com ...
.
*1670 The
Battle of Nowy Targ occurs ending the
Peasant Rebellion in Podhale of Gorals
* 1710 - Another fire consumes 41 houses and the church.
* 1770 - Nowy Targ annexed by
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
(see:
Partitions of Poland).
* 1886 - City Hall opens.
* 1914 - Vladimir Ilyich
Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1 ...
is arrested as a possible spy in southern Poland by Austrian authorities; he is jailed in Nowy Targ for approximately 12 days.
* 1918-1920 - The region becomes part of the
Lemko Republic after
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
.
* 1933 - Polish president
Ignacy Mościcki visits.
* 1939 - German forces invade on 1 September, at approx. 16:30.
* 1941 - Resistance movement called the
Tatra Confederation formed in Nowy Targ.
* 1942 - Jewish
ghetto
A ghetto, often called ''the'' ghetto, is a part of a city in which members of a minority group live, especially as a result of political, social, legal, environmental or economic pressure. Ghettos are often known for being more impoverished t ...
liquidated by Nazis on 30 August.
* 1945 - The
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army ( Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, afte ...
forces out German occupants on 29 January. 4 Jewish Holocaust survivors who return to the town are being murdered by locals and the rest flee.
* 1966 - Born Wojciech Wiercioch, Polish writer.
* 1979 -
Pope John Paul II
Pope John Paul II ( la, Ioannes Paulus II; it, Giovanni Paolo II; pl, Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła ; 18 May 19202 April 2005) was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his ...
visits Nowy Targ on 8 June, during his first pilgrimage to Poland.
Geography
Nowy Targ is located in the heart of Podhale (one of the
Goral Lands) at the altitude of 585–850 m
above sea level (AMSL); latitude 49°28' N, longitude 20°01' E. Distance to the main
urban agglomeration
An urban area, built-up area or urban agglomeration is a human settlement with a high population density and infrastructure of built environment. Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities ...
s in Poland is:
Warsaw
Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...
– ,
Łódź
Łódź, also rendered in English as Lodz, is a city in central Poland and a former industrial centre. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is located approximately south-west of Warsaw. The city's coat of arms is an example of cant ...
– ,
Kraków
Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 ...
– ,
Gdańsk – ,
Wrocław
Wrocław (; german: Breslau, or . ; Silesian German: ''Brassel'') is a city in southwestern Poland and the largest city in the historical region of Silesia. It lies on the banks of the River Oder in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Europe, rou ...
– ,
Katowice – ,
Kielce – ,
Rzeszów
Rzeszów ( , ; la, Resovia; yi, ריישא ''Raisha'')) is the largest city in southeastern Poland. It is located on both sides of the Wisłok River in the heartland of the Sandomierz Basin. Rzeszów has been the capital of the Subcarpathian ...
– ,
Szczecin – ,
Białystok - ,
Poznań
Poznań () is a city on the River Warta in west-central Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business centre, and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint Joh ...
– ,
Częstochowa – ,
Słupsk
Słupsk (; , ; formerly german: Stolp, ; also known by several alternative names) is a city with powiat rights located on the Słupia River in the Pomeranian Voivodeship in northern Poland, in the historical region of Pomerania or more specific ...
– .
Climate
Due to its altitude, Nowy Targ is one of the coldest cities in Poland together with
Suwałki
Suwałki ( lt, Suvalkai; yi, סואוואַלק) is a city in northeastern Poland with a population of 69,206 (2021). It is the capital of Suwałki County and one of the most important centers of commerce in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Suwałki ...
and
Zakopane
Zakopane ( Podhale Goral: ''Zokopane'') is a town in the extreme south of Poland, in the southern part of the Podhale region at the foot of the Tatra Mountains. From 1975 to 1998, it was part of Nowy Sącz Voivodeship; since 1999, it has been ...
. Winter usually lasts from late November to early April and between 90 and 110 days a year there is a snow cover. Air frost has been measured in every month of the year except for July. Summers are mild with occasional thunderstorms and high temperatures between 17 and 25 degrees Celsius. Hot days (over ) are rare, only occurring twice annually on average. Precipitation is heavy for Polish standards, varying between at the airport and in Kowaniec to around on Bukowina Miejska, the highest part of the city. The growing season equally varies between on average 150 days on Bukowina Miejska to around 200 days in the lower parts of the city. Nowy Targ is in the AHS Heat Zones 1-2 and
USDA Hardiness Zone
A hardiness zone is a geographic area defined as having a certain average annual minimum temperature, a factor relevant to the survival of many plants. In some systems other statistics are included in the calculations. The original and most wide ...
4a to 5b, depending on the location.
According to the
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...
, Nowy Targ straddles the border of the Warm Summer Continental (Dfb) and Subarctic (Dfc) climates, with most of the city falling in the Dfb group. The Dfc climate is only found above of elevation within Nowy Targ.
Culture
* City Cultural Center (Miejski Ośrodek Kultury)
* Youth Cultural Center (Młodzieżowy Dom Kultury)
* The Jatka Gallery (Galeria Jatki)
Museums
* Museum of Podhale (Muzeum Podhalańskie PTTK)
Cinemas
Cinema "Tatry"
Architecture
St. Anna Church
Wooden church overseeing the city cemetery. Its origins date to the 15th century, although local legends describe it as founded in 1219.
Initially built in a gothic style, it was later repaired and rebuilt featuring, among others, a baroque altar piece and paintings, a rococo pulpit, and 18th-century organ and bell tower.
St. Catherine Church
Dedicated to St.
Catherine of Alexandria
Catherine of Alexandria (also spelled Katherine); grc-gre, ἡ Ἁγία Αἰκατερίνη ἡ Μεγαλομάρτυς ; ar, سانت كاترين; la, Catharina Alexandrina). is, according to tradition, a Christian saint and virgin, ...
, the church was built in 1346 by King
Casimir the Great. It is the oldest existing church of the
Podhale
Podhale (literally "below the mountain pastures") is Poland's southernmost region, sometimes referred to as the "Polish Highlands". The Podhale is located in the foothills of the Tatra range of the Carpathian mountains. It is the most famous ...
region.
The church has been damaged by numerous fires and military attacks, and subsequently rebuilt and renovated. The interior retains its baroque character, especially in the altar and side chapels, although numerous pieces are replicas of wooden originals lost to fire. A painting of St. Catherine from 1892 dominates the main altar.
Education
Podhalańska Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa in Nowy Targ
Sport
Ice hockey
*
Podhale Nowy Targ
Podhale Nowy Targ is a Polish ice hockey club based in Nowy Targ, Poland. They currently play in the Polska Hokej Liga
The Polska Hokej Liga is the premier ice hockey league in Poland. Previously, it was known as the I Liga or Ekstraklasa from ...
Podhale Nowy Targ
/ref>
Floorball
* KS Szarotka Nowy Targ
* KS Górale Nowy Targ
The Conservation of Nature
Nature reserves
*Bor na Czerwonem - a reserve in Nowy Targ where the protected Drosera rotundifolia
''Drosera rotundifolia'', the round-leaved sundew, roundleaf sundew, or common sundew, is a carnivorous species of flowering plant that grows in bogs, marshes and fens. One of the most widespread sundew species, it has a circumboreal distribu ...
, Mountain Pine
''Pinus mugo'', known as bog pine, creeping pine, dwarf mountain pine, mugo pine, mountain pine, scrub mountain pine, or Swiss mountain pine, is a species of conifer, native to high elevation habitats from southwestern to Central Europe and S ...
and Black Grouse
The black grouse (''Lyrurus tetrix''), also known as northern black grouse, Eurasian black grouse, blackgame or blackcock, is a large game bird in the grouse family. It is a sedentary species, spanning across the Palearctic in moorland and step ...
grow.
International relations
Twin towns — Sister cities
Nowy Targ is twinned with:
* Radevormwald
Radevormwald (; ksh, Radefürmwald) is a municipality in the Oberbergischer Kreis, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is one of the oldest towns in the Bergischen Land, formerly the County and Duchy of Berg.
Geography
Radevormwald is locat ...
, Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
* Kežmarok
Kežmarok (german: Kesmark or ; hu, Késmárk, yi, קעזמאַרק, Kezmark, pl, Kieżmark) is a town in the Spiš region of eastern Slovakia (population 16,000), on the Poprad River. Prior to World War I, it was in Szepes county in the ...
, Slovakia
Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, links=no ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the s ...
* Évry, France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
* Roverbella
Roverbella ( Upper Mantovano: ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Mantua in the Italian region Lombardy, located about east of Milan and about north of Mantua.
Roverbella borders the following municipalities: Castelbelforte, ...
, Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
See also
* List of cities in Poland
This is a list of cities and towns in Poland, consisting of four sections: the full list of all 107 cities in Poland by size, followed by a description of the principal metropolitan areas of the country, the table of the most populated cities and ...
* Gorals
The Gorals ( pl, Górale; Goral dialect: ''Górole''; sk, Gorali; Cieszyn Silesia dialect, Cieszyn Silesian: ''Gorole''), also known as the Highlanders (in Poland as the Polish Highlanders) are an indigenous ethnographic or ethnic group primar ...
* Podhale
Podhale (literally "below the mountain pastures") is Poland's southernmost region, sometimes referred to as the "Polish Highlands". The Podhale is located in the foothills of the Tatra range of the Carpathian mountains. It is the most famous ...
References
;Notes
External links
Nowy Targ - official homepage
Nowy Targ Holocaust Memorial book
(Hebrew, Yiddish and English)
Jewish Community in Nowy Targ
on Virtual Shtetl
Nice photos from Nowy Targ
{{Authority control
Populated places established in the 13th century
Cities and towns in Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Nowy Targ County
Kraków Voivodeship (14th century – 1795)
Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
Kraków Voivodeship (1919–1939)
Holocaust locations in Poland