Novelty Glass Company

Novelty Glass Company of Fostoria was one of over 70 glass manufacturing companies that operated in northwest Ohio during the region's brief Gas Boom in the late 19th century. The company made bar goods, stemware, and novelties. Organization of the firm began late in 1890, with banker Rawson Crocker as president and veteran glass man Henry Crimmel as plant manager. Production started in February 1891. The plant was built on the site of the former Buttler Art Glass Company (spelled with two "t"s), which had been destroyed by fire in 1889.

During the early 1890s, many manufacturers were producing novelties that honored the 400th anniversary of the voyages of Christopher Columbus. Novelty Glass Company's contribution included commemorative punch bowl sets and salt shakers. Some of this glassware displayed Columbus with a beard—which was rarely done. This commemorative work has subsequently become valuable to collectors.

Like many companies during northwest Ohio’s brief Gas Boom, the Novelty Glass Company was short-lived. The plant was shut down in January 1892, with a restart planned for April. The April restart did not happen, and plant manager Henry Crimmel left the firm for the Sneath Glass Company in Tiffin, Ohio, who also purchased the plant's inventory of molds and related equipment. Production began again, and the Novelty works became known as FactoryT in the United States Glass Company conglomerate. Approximately 100 people were employed making drinking glasses and stemware. The restart did not last long, however. The plant was destroyed by fire in April 1893.

History

Northwest Ohio gas boom

In early 1886, a major discovery of natural gas occurred in northwest Ohio near the small village of Findlay.; Although small natural gas wells had been drilled in the area earlier, the well drilled on property owned by Louis Karg was much more productive than those drilled before. Soon, many more wells were drilled, and the area experienced an economic boom as gas workers, businesses, and factories were drawn to the area. In 1888, Findlay community leaders, assuming the supply of natural gas was unlimited, started a campaign to lure more manufacturing plants to the area. Incentives to relocate to Findlay included free natural gas, free land, and cash. These incentives were especially attractive to glass manufacturers, since the glass manufacturing process is energy-intensive. Although coal was the most common fuel used for glass making at the time, natural gas is a superior fuel because it reduces the time it takes to melt the raw materials and enables better quality glass.

Ohio already had a glass industry located principally in the eastern portion of the state, especially in Belmont County. The Belmont County community of Bellaire, located on the Ohio side of the Ohio River across from Wheeling, West Virginia, was known as "Glass City" from 1870 to 1885. The gas boom in northwestern Ohio enabled the state to improve its national ranking as a manufacturer of glass (based on value of product) from 4th in 1880 to 2nd in 1890. Over 70 glass companies operated in northwest Ohio between 1880 and the early 20th century. However, northwest Ohio’s gas boom lasted only five years. By 1890, the region was experiencing difficulty with its gas supply, and many manufacturers were already shutting down, using alternative fuels, or considering relocating.

Fostoria

Fostoria, Ohio, is located east of Findlay, and straddles three Ohio counties: Hancock, Seneca, and Wood.; The high-output gas well that changed the area’s economy, the Karg well drilled in January 1886, was located in the Hancock County village named Findlay.; ; After the Karg discovery, geologists determined that natural gas would not be found in the immediate area around Fostoria.; However, Fostoria government leaders constructed a pipeline from a nearby well in Wood County, and this enabled Fostoria to participate in the rush to lure manufacturers to the area.; Fostoria had a transportation advantage: numerous railroad lines ran through the city.

The first glass factory established in Fostoria were the Mambourg Glass Company, which first produced window glass cylinders on October 26, 1887.; The next glass works was the Fostoria Glass Company, which was founded by veteran glass men from West Virginia. This company became the town's most famous glass factory. The third glass factory was the Buttler Art Glass Company, which was incorporated in 1887 but did not finish construction of its glass works until February 22, 1888. Among its investors were local banker Rawson Crocker and former Ohio governor Charles Foster. Eventually, Fostoria had 13 different glass companies at various times between 1887 and 1920.

Organization

Events at two other Fostoria glass factories led to the creation of Novelty Glass Company. First, the Buttler Art Glass plant burned to the ground in November 1889. Owners of the plant decided to rebuild elsewhere, since the site had few fire hydrants and inferior water pressure.; The second event involved the Fostoria Glass Company. Owners of this company became concerned about natural gas shortages in 1890, and in April 1891 decided to move to Moundsville, West Virginia. Plant manager (and shareholder) Henry Crimmel was involved in a lawsuit that sought to prevent the move. Although a temporary restraining order was granted, the company moved to Moundsville during December 1891.; ; ;

During late 1890, planning began to organize a new glass works that would be built on the site of the former Buttler Art Glass Company. The new glass works was to be called Novelty Glass Company. The seven incorporators of the company were Rawson Crocker, Andrew Emerine, Charles Olmsted, C. German, George Flechtner, A. C. Crimmel, and Henry Crimmel. The company’s directors were Crocker, Olmsted, Emerine, Henry Crimmel, and Charles Foster.; ; The two Crimmels provided glass making expertise with their experience at the Fostoria Glass Company. Henry Crimmel had also previously worked at Belmont Glass Company in Bellaire, Ohio, and at J. H. Hobbs, Brockunier and Company in Wheeling, West Virginia. Crocker (Foster's cousin), Olmsted (Foster's brother-in-law), and Emerine were prominent Fostoria capitalists. Crocker was an officer of a local bank, and president of the Crocker Window Glass Company. Crocker was named president of the new company, and Emerine was treasurer. A. C. Crimmel was company secretary, while Henry Crimmel was plant manager.

The company was expected to employ about 150 people. Plans for the new glass works included a medium-sized 11-pot furnace and three lehrs for cooling the glass.; Production was expected to begin in early February 1891. Advertising by the new glass works called the company "The Fostoria Novelty Glass Company", and news articles called the new company both "Fostoria Novelty Glass Company" and "Novelty Glass Company". (An unrelated company called Fostoria Glass Novelty Company started about 25 years later.); ; The company’s products were described in advertisements as "fine lead blown tumblers, bar goods, stemware, and novelties". Pressed glass