North Lebanon (

Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...

: شمال لبنان) is the northern region of

Lebanon Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus li ...

comprising the

North Governorate North Governorate ( ar, الشمال, ') (Lebanese pr. ''eš šmél'') (French: Gouvernorat du Liban-Nord) is one of the governorates of Lebanon. Its capital is Tripoli. Ramzi Nohra has been its governor since May 2, 2014. The population of North ...

and

Akkar Governorate french: Gouvernorat de l'Akkar , settlement_type = Governorate , image_skyline = Berkayl.jpg , image_caption = Berkayel, Akkar Governorate , image_flag = , image_seal = , image_shield ...

. On 16 July 2003, the two entities were divided from the same province by former Prime Minister

Rafik Hariri Rafik is the given name of: *Rafik Al-Hariri (1944–2005), business tycoon, former Prime Minister of Lebanon *Rafik Bouderbal (born 1987), French-born Algerian player currently playing for ES Sétif in the Algerian Championnat National *Rafik Deg ...

which was known as Law 522. The main cities and towns of the region are Halba,

Tripoli Tripoli or Tripolis may refer to: Cities and other geographic units Greece *Tripoli, Greece, the capital of Arcadia, Greece * Tripolis (region of Arcadia), a district in ancient Arcadia, Greece * Tripolis (Larisaia), an ancient Greek city in ...

Miniyeh Miniyeh ( ar, المنية, french: Minieh) is the capital of the Miniyeh-Danniyeh District in North Governorate of Lebanon. Minya is located 96 km from Beirut at an altitude of 20 m above sea level. Notable people * Mostafa Matar ...

Zgharta Zgharta ( ar, زغرتا, syc, ܙܓܪܬܐ), also spelled Zghorta, is a city in North Lebanon, with an estimated population of around 50,000. It is the second biggest city in Northern Lebanon after Tripoli. Zgharta is about 150 metres above sea ...

Bcharreh Bsharri ( ar, بشرّي ''Bšarrī''; syr, ܒܫܪܝ; also Romanized ''Becharre'', ''Bcharre'', ''Bsharre'', (''Bcharre El Arez بشرّي الارز'') is a town at an altitude of about to . It is located in the Bsharri District of the Nort ...

Amioun Amioun ( ar, أميون, translit=Amyūn, gr, Αμιούν) is the capital of the predominantly Greek Orthodox Koura District (i.e. χώρα, "country" in Greek) in the north of Lebanon. Etymology The town of Amioun derives its name from the Ar ...

and

Batroun Batroun ( ar, ٱلْبَتْرُون '; Syriac script: ܒܬܪܘܢ ') is a coastal city in northern Lebanon and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It is the capital city of Batroun District. Etymology The name ''Batr ...

. The districts of Akkar, Tripoli and Miniyeh-Danniyeh are known for their large Sunni Muslim population while the districts of Zgharta, Bcharreh, Koura and Batroun are known for their large Christian population.

Education

One of the best schools in Lebanon "International School (IS) - Al Koura" is located in North Lebanon. One of the best universities in Lebanon

University of Balamand The University of Balamand (UOB; ar, جامعة البلمند) is a private institution, secular in its policies and approach to education. It welcomes faculty, students, and staff from all faiths and national or ethnic origins. The university i ...

(UOB) is located in North Lebanon. The most modern public

Lebanese University The Lebanese University (LU) (, ) is the only public university in Beirut, Lebanon. It is ranked #701–750 worldwide in terms of education. The creation of the Lebanese University was an idea first mentioned in the speech of the former Minist ...

campus is the North Campus.

French occupation

Tripoli Massacre

On 13 November 1943, 14 students in

were killed by French tanks. Tripoli Martyrs43

The students were run over by French tanks that were driven by Senegalese soldiers in the streets where the students walked peacefully calling for the fall of the occupation. The students, all of whom are children, were under the age of 15. The 14 Martyrs name: Salim Sabouneh, Ahmad Saber Kulthum, Rashid Ramzi Hijazi, Fawzi Qassem Shahoud, Muhammad Tharwat, Abdul Ghani Afandi, Abbas Ibrahim Haboushi, Muhammad Ali Hussein Khader, Abdul Qadir Mustafa Al-Shahal, Kamal Abdul Razzaq Dannawi, Wadih Khater Barakat, Ahmad Joujou, Muhammad Hussein Al-Mohammed and Salim al-Shami.

Syrian occupation

Killings and Massacres

On 12 February 1978, Syria attacked the northern village of Qnat where they killed 15

Lebanese Forces The Lebanese Forces ( ar, القوات اللبنانية '')'' is a Lebanese Christian-based political party and former militia during the Lebanese Civil War. It currently holds 19 of the 128 seats in Lebanon's parliament and is therefore th ...

fighters, the battle is known as

battle of Qnat The Battle of Qnat, was a military confrontation that occurred from February 12 to 17, 1980, in the village on Qnat, Bsharri District. The battle saw a group of 40 Phalangist resistance fighters defend the town of Qnat from a battalion of soldi ...

. On 9 February 1986, Syria killed

Tawhid Tawhid ( ar, , ', meaning "unification of God in Islam ( Allāh)"; also romanized as ''Tawheed'', ''Tawhid'', ''Tauheed'' or ''Tevhid'') is the indivisible oneness concept of monotheism in Islam. Tawhid is the religion's central and single ...

leader Khalil Akkawi because he refused to fight the

. Former Syrian minister of interior Mohammad al-Shaar participated in the 1986 Bab al-Tabbaneh massacre.

Torture and Detention

The Syrian military intelligence (

: المخابرات السورية) setup a torture prison inside the American School in Jabal Mohsen, the prison was called "American Prison" (

: معتقل الاميركان).

2021 Akkar Explosion

On 15 August 2021, 28 people were killed and 79 injured when a fuel tank exploded in

Akkar Akkar District ( ar, قضاء عكار) is the only district in Akkar Governorate, Lebanon. It is coextensive with the governorate and covers an area of . The UNHCR estimated the population of the district to be 389,899 in 2015, including 106,935 ...

in northern Lebanon.

Electoral District

2000

In the

2000 Lebanese general election General elections were held in Lebanon between 27 August and 3 September 2000 to elect the 128 members of the Parliament of Lebanon. Independent candidates won the majority of seats, although most of them were considered members of various blocs. ...

, North Lebanon was divided in two electoral districts: Akkar-Danniyeh-Bcharreh and Tripoli-Miniyeh-Zgharta-Koura-Batroun, those division were made by

Ghazi Kanaan Ghazi Kanaan ( ar, غازي كنعان; 1942 – 12 October 2005), also known as Abu Yo'roub, was Syria's interior minister from 2004 to 2005, and long-time head of Syria's security apparatus in Lebanon. His violent death during an investigat ...

and

to ensure that the Sunni majority would take away the true

Christian opposition The Christian Opposition ( hu, Keresztény Ellenzék, KE) was a political party in Hungary during the inter-war period. History The party first contested national elections in 1922, winning two seats in the parliamentary elections that year. Alth ...

representation however

Nayla Moawad Nayla Moawad (, ar, نايلة معوض) (born 3 July 1940) is a Lebanese politician and former First Lady of Lebanon. Outside of Lebanon, she is best known as the widow of former President René Moawad, who was assassinated on 22 November 19 ...

still managed to win.

2005

In the

2005 Lebanese general election General elections were held in Lebanon in May and June 2005 to elect the 128 members of the Parliament of Lebanon. They were the second elections in thirty years without a Syrian military or intelligence presence in Lebanon. These elections were t ...

14 March Events Pre-1600 *1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. *1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguen ...

won all the seats in North Lebanon due to the new alliance that was formed between Nayla Moawad,

Boutros Harb Boutros Harb (بطرس حرب) (born 3 August 1944) is a Lebanese politician who served at different cabinet posts including Minister of Telecommunications. Early life and education Harb was born into a Maronite family in Tannourine, Lebanon ...

Kataeb The Kataeb Party ( ar, حزب الكتائب اللبنانية '), also known in English as the Phalanges, is a Christian political party in Lebanon. The party played a major role in the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990). In decline in the la ...

and

Saad Hariri Saad El-Din Rafik Al-Hariri ( ar, سعد الدين رفيق الحريري, translit=Saʿd ad-Dīn Rafīq al-Ḥarīrī; born 18 April 1970) is a Lebanese-Saudi politician who served as the prime minister of Lebanon from 2009 to 2011 and 2016 t ...

after the

Cedar Revolution The Cedar Revolution ( ar, ثورة الأرز, ''thawrat al-arz'') or Independence Uprising ( ar, انتفاضة الاستقلال, ''intifāḍat al-istiqlāl'') was a chain of demonstrations in Lebanon (especially in the capital Beirut) trig ...

2009

In the

2009 Lebanese general election Parliamentary elections were held in Lebanon on 7 June 2009 to elect all 128 members of the Parliament of Lebanon. Background Before the election, the voting age was to be lowered from 21 to 18 years, but as this requires a constitutional a ...

, North Lebanon was divided in 7 electoral districts: Akkar, Minniyeh-Danniyeh, Tripoli, Zgharta, Bcharreh, Koura and Batroun.

won in 6 out of 7 electoral districts, the only electoral district they lost in was Zgharta.

2018

In the

2018 Lebanese general election General elections were held in Lebanon on 6 May 2018. Although originally scheduled for 2013, the election was postponed three times in 2013, 2014 and 2017 under various pretexts, including the security situation, the failure of the Parliament ...

, North Lebanon was divided in 3 electoral districts: North I,

North II North II ( ar, دائرة الشمال الثانية) is an electoral district in Lebanon, as per the 2017 vote law. The district elects 11 members of the Lebanese National Assembly - 8 Sunni, 1 Alawite, 1 Greek Orthodox and 1 Maronite. The const ...

and

North III North III ( ar, دائرة الشمال الثالثة) is an electoral district in Lebanon, as per the 2017 vote law. The district elects 10 members of the Parliament of Lebanon, Lebanese National Assembly - 7 Maronites and 3 Greek Orthodox. The c ...

. That law was crafted in favor of

Gebran Bassil Gebran Gerge Bassil ( ar, جبران جرجي باسيل; born 21 June 1970) is a Lebanese politician who is the leader of the Free Patriotic Movement since 2015. A Maronite Christian, he is the son-in-law of President Michel Aoun, and has bee ...

so he could finally win a seat after losing in 2005 and 2009.

References

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