North Kohala
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The districts of the Big Island. From Northernmost, clockwise; North Kohala (highlighted),
Hilo Hilo () is a census-designated place (CDP) and the largest settlement in Hawaii County, Hawaii, Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States, which encompasses the Hawaii (island), Island of Hawaii. The population was 44,186 according to the 2020 United ...
, South Hilo Hilo () is a census-designated place (CDP) and the largest settlement in Hawaii County, Hawaii, Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States, which encompasses the Hawaii (island), Island of Hawaii. The population was 44,186 according to the 2020 United ...
, Puna, Kaū, South Kona District, Hawaii">Kona, North Kona District, Hawaii">Kona, and South Kohala">Kau, Hawaii">Kaū, South Kona District, Hawaii">Kona, North Kona District, Hawaii">Kona, and South Kohala thumb">The districts of the Big Island. From Northernmost, clockwise; North Kohala, Hilo, South Hilo, Puna, Kaū, South Kona District, Hawaii">Kona, North Kona District, Hawaii">Kona, and South Kohala (highlighted) Kohala () is the name of the northwest portion of the
island of Hawaii in the Hawaiian Islands">Hawaiian Archipelago The Hawaiian Islands ( haw, Nā Mokupuni o Hawai‘i) are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, and numerous smaller islets in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the island of Hawaii in the south to northernmost Kur ...
. In ancient Hawaii it was often ruled by an independent High Chief called the ''Alii Aimoku of Hawaii, Alii Nui''. In modern times it is divided into two districts of Hawaii County, Hawaii, Hawaii County: North Kohala and South Kohala. Locals commonly use the name Kohala to refer to the census-designated places of Halaula, Hāwī, and
Kapaau Kapa'au ( haw, Kapaau) is an unincorporated community in Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States. Located at the northern tip of the big island of Hawaii, it is celebrated as the birthplace of Kamehameha I. For statistical purposes, the United S ...
collectively. The dry western shore is commonly known as the Kohala Coast, which has golf courses and seaside resorts.


Description

South Kohala District from Mamalahoa Highway The area was named after the dominating geological feature
Kohala Mountain Kohala is the oldest of five volcanoes that make up the island of Hawaii. Kohala is an estimated one million years old—so old that it experienced, and recorded, the reversal of earth's magnetic field 780,000 years ago. It is believed to ha ...
, the oldest of Hawaii Island's five major volcanic mountains. The current districts cover the north and western sides of the mountain, . It was one of the five ancient divisions of the island called ''moku''. The natural habitats in Kohala range across a wide rainfall gradient in a very short distance - from less than a year on the coast near Kawaihae to more than year near the summit of Kohala Mountain, a distance of just . Near the coast are remnants of dry forests, and near the summit is a
cloud forest A cloud forest, also called a water forest, primas forest, or tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF), is a generally tropical or subtropical, evergreen, montane, moist forest characterized by a persistent, frequent or seasonal low-level cloud c ...
, a type of
rainforest Rainforests are characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire. Rainforest can be classified as tropical rainforest or temperate rainfores ...
that obtains some of its moisture from "cloud drip" in addition to precipitation. This precipitation allowed the northeast coast to be developed into
sugarcane Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of (often hybrid) tall, Perennial plant, perennial grass (in the genus ''Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar Sugar industry, production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with ...
plantation A plantation is an agricultural estate, generally centered on a plantation house, meant for farming that specializes in cash crops, usually mainly planted with a single crop, with perhaps ancillary areas for vegetables for eating and so on. The ...
s, including one founded by Rev. Elias Bond used to fund his church and girls' seminary.


History


Kohala Historical Sites State Monument

The
Kohala Historical Sites State Monument Kohala Historical Sites State Monument includes the National Historic Landmark Mookini Heiau and the birthplace of Kamehameha I. It is located in remote North Kohala on the Island of Hawaii. History Mookini Heiau is one of the oldest historica ...
includes ''Mookini Heiau'', a
National Historic Landmark A National Historic Landmark (NHL) is a building, district, object, site, or structure that is officially recognized by the United States government for its outstanding historical significance. Only some 2,500 (~3%) of over 90,000 places listed ...
. King Kamehameha I, the first King of the unified Hawaiian Islands, was born in North Kohala west of Hāwī, at the ancient site called the ''Mookini Heiau''. The ''heiau'' is a living spiritual temple, and not just an historic artifact of the Hawaiian culture. The original Kamehameha Statue stands in front of the community center in Kapaau, and duplicates are found at Aliiolani Hale, Aliiolani Hale in Honolulu, and within the United States Capitol Building, U.S. Capitol building's statue gallery in Washington, D.C.


Bond Historic District

The Bond District, Bond Historic District is located in the North Kohala District, with structures from the Bond family's 19th century missionary and homesteading period on the Kohala peninsula. The Bond District has three sections: *Bond Homestead — the Bond House was built in the 1840s by the missionaries and later Kohala landowners Ellen and Reverend Elias Bond, and expanded by descendants through c. 1900. *Kalahikiola Church *Kohala Seminary


Attractions

Points of interest within Kohala include Hapuna Beach State Recreation Area, Samuel Spencer Beach, Pu'ukohola Heiau National Historic Site, Puukoholā Heiau National Historic Site, Lapakahi State Historical Park and Keokea Beach Park.


Transportation

Major thoroughfares within Kohala include Akoni Pule Highway (Hawaii state route 270) which provides access to Pololū Valley. The Hawaii Belt Road which connects in the southern end of the Akoni Pule Highway to Kona District, Hawaii, Kona in the south and Hamakua, Hāmākua to the east. The Kohala Mountain Road (250) provides a link between Waimea, Hawaii County, Hawaii, Waimea and the Kohala CDP's of Halaʻula, Hāwī, and Kapaʻau. Kohala has two small airports. Upolu Airport is on Upolu Point at the northern tip of the island. Waimea-Kohala Airport is south of the town of Waimea, Hawaii County, Hawaii. Waimea Airport is served commercially by Mokulele Airlines.


Populations of Kohala


North Kohala


Census-designated places of North Kohala

* Halaula * Hāwī *
Kapaau Kapa'au ( haw, Kapaau) is an unincorporated community in Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States. Located at the northern tip of the big island of Hawaii, it is celebrated as the birthplace of Kamehameha I. For statistical purposes, the United S ...


South Kohala


Census-designated places of South Kohala

* Puako, Hawaii, Puako * Waikoloa Village * Waimea, Hawaii County, Hawaii, Waimea


Unincorporated towns of South Kohala

* Kawaihae, Hawaii, Kawaihae


Notable residents

*Auliʻi Cravalho, actress and singer


See also

* The Fairmont Orchid * Mauna Kea Beach Hotel


References


External links


Kohala Gallery
{{Authority control Districts of Hawaii County, Hawaii Geography of Hawaii (island)