Noritoidea, formerly Noritaceae, is an extinct
superfamily of
cephalopod
A cephalopod is any member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda (Greek plural , ; "head-feet") such as a squid, octopus, cuttlefish, or nautilus. These exclusively marine animals are characterized by bilateral body symmetry, a prominent head ...
s belonging to the
Ammonite order Ceratitida
Ceratitida is an order that contains almost all ammonoid cephalopod genera from the Triassic as well as ancestral forms from the Upper Permian, the exception being the phylloceratids which gave rise to the great diversity of post Triassic ammoni ...
.
Noritoidea, defined by Karpinsky in 1889, combines ceratitids with "typically smooth, more or less discoidal shells with rounded or truncate peripheries and ceratitic sutures,...." Keeled or ribbed offshoots may have simpler or more complex sutures.
Taxonomy
Noritoidea as revised (Tozer 1981) is composed of the
Noritidae
The Noritidae, sometimes spelled Noritidea, is an extinct cephalopod family of belonging to the ammonoid order Ceratitida and superfamily Noritoidea.
The Noritidae, which lived during the Early and Middle Triassic, are characterized by smooth, ...
,
Inyoitidae
Inyoitidae is an extinct family of cephalopods belonging to the Ammonite order Ceratitida and superfamily Noritoidea
Noritoidea, formerly Noritaceae, is an extinct superfamily of cephalopods belonging to the Ammonite order Ceratitida.
Nori ...
,
Lanceolitidae
Lanceolitidae is an extinct family of cephalopods belonging to the Ammonite order Ceratitida and superfamily Noritoidea
Noritoidea, formerly Noritaceae, is an extinct superfamily of cephalopods belonging to the Ammonite order Ceratitida.
N ...
,
Ophiceratidae
The Ophiceratidae is a family in the ammonoid order Ceratitida from the Lower Triassic, previously included in the Otocerataceae but now placed in the Noritiaceae as revised.
The Ophiceratidae produced sepenticones with compressed elliptical who ...
,
Stephanitidae,
Ussuriidae
Ussuriidae is an extinct family of cephalopods belonging to the Ammonite order Ceratitida and superfamily Noritoidea
Noritoidea, formerly Noritaceae, is an extinct superfamily of cephalopods belonging to the Ammonite order Ceratitida.
Nori ...
Noritidae is the
type family
In computer science, a type family associates data types with other data types, using a type-level function defined by an open-ended collection of valid instances of input types and the corresponding output types.
Type families are a feature of ...
of the Noritoidea and may have been derived from the
Dieneroceratidae through the
Xenoceltitidae.
The Inyoitidae is based on the
Inyoitinae, which was removed from the Xenoceltitidae and elevated in rank.
The Lanceolitidae, containing ''
Lanceolites'' as the sole representative, was included in the
Hedenstroemiidae as the
Lanceolitinae.
The Ophiceratidae and the Stephanoceratidae were removed from the
Otocerataceae and the
Ceratitaceae
Ceratitoidea, formerly Ceratitaceae, is an ammonite superfamily in order Ceratitida characterized in general by highly ornamented or tuberculate shells with ceratitic sutures that may become goniatitic or ammonitic in some offshoots. (Arkell ...
respectively.
The Ussuriidae is a small family retained in the Noritoidea.
Noritoidea taxonomy in the Treatise
''
The Treatise'', Part L, gives 13 families in the Noritoidea, six of which collectively contain 15 subfamilies. Of these:
The
Flemingitidae and
Meekoceratidae
The Meekoceratidae is a family of ceratitid ammonites described in the ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology
The ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology'' (or ''TIP'') published by the Geological Society of America and the University of Kan ...
have been placed in the
Meekocerataceae along with the
Prionitidae and
Proptychitidae.
The Hedenstroemiidae, less the Lanceolitinae, have been combined with middle and upper Triassic late derivatives of the
Medlicottiadae, the
Sageceratidae, in what is known as the
Sageceratceae.
Medlicottiadae is a family in the
Melicottiaceae, a superfamily of prolecanitids (order
Prolecanitida
Prolecanitida is an order of extinct ammonoid cephalopods with discoidal to thinly lenticular shells with goniatitic or ceratitic sutures and which retained the simple retrochoanitic siphuncle with backward extending septal necks. As typical fo ...
).
''
Sageceras'', type genus of the
Sageceratidae, is described as having lenticular shells with flattened bicarinate venters and small umbilici. Sutures form numerous subequal auxiliary and adventitious lobes.
Hedenstroemiidae are described as having discoidal, compressed, generally smooth, involute shells with tabulate to oxynote venters. Suture are ceratitic with adventitious saddles and lobes.
References
The Paleobiology Database
Ceratitida superfamilies
{{Ceratitida-stub