Nonane is a linear
alkane hydrocarbon
In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. Hydrocarbons are examples of group 14 hydrides. Hydrocarbons are generally colourless and hydrophobic, and their odors are usually weak or ...
with the
chemical formula
In chemistry, a chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, ...
C
9H
20. It is a colorless, flammable liquid, occurring primarily in the component of the
petroleum distillate fraction commonly called
kerosene
Kerosene, paraffin, or lamp oil is a combustible hydrocarbon liquid which is derived from petroleum. It is widely used as a fuel in aviation as well as households. Its name derives from el, κηρός (''keros'') meaning "wax", and was regi ...
, which is used as a heating,
tractor
A tractor is an engineering vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery such as that used in agriculture, mining or construction. Most commo ...
, and
jet fuel. Nonane is also used as a
solvent
A solvent (s) (from the Latin '' solvō'', "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution. A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical fluid. Water is a solvent for ...
, distillation chaser,
fuel additive
Petrol additives increase petrol's octane rating or act as corrosion inhibitors or lubricants, thus allowing the use of higher compression ratios for greater efficiency and power. Types of additives include metal deactivators, corrosion inhib ...
, and a component in
biodegradable detergents.
[Health Council of the Netherlands: Committee on Updating of Occupational Exposure Limits. Nonane; Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits. The Hague: Health Council of the Netherlands, 2005; 2000/15OSH/155. http://www.gezondheidsraad.nl/sites/default/files/0015osh155.pdf ]
Nonane has 35
structural isomers.
Its
substituent form is nonyl. Its
cycloalkane counterpart is
cyclononane
Cyclononane is an alicyclic
In organic chemistry, an alicyclic compound contains one or more all-carbon rings which may be either saturated or unsaturated, but do not have aromatic character. Alicyclic compounds may have one or more aliphat ...
, (C
9H
18).
Unlike most alkanes, the numeric prefix in its name is from
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
, not
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
. (A name using a Greek prefix would be enneane.)
Combustion reactions
Nonane undergoes
combustion
Combustion, or burning, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. Combusti ...
reactions that are similar to other
alkanes
In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical trivial name that also has other meanings), is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in whi ...
. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, nonane burns to form
water
Water (chemical formula ) is an inorganic, transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms (in which it acts as a ...
and
carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide (chemical formula ) is a chemical compound made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is found in the gas state at room temperature. In the air, carbon dioxide is transpar ...
.
:
C9 H20 + 14
O2 → 9
CO2 + 10
H2O
When insufficient oxygen is available for complete combustion, the burning products include
carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide (chemical formula CO) is a colorless, poisonous, odorless, tasteless, flammable gas that is slightly less dense than air. Carbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom connected by a triple bond. It is the simple ...
.
:2C
9H
20 + 19O
2 → 18
CO + 20H
2O
:
See also
*
Higher alkanes
*
List of isomers of nonane
This is the list of structural isomers of nonane. There are 35.
Straight chain
*Nonane
Octanes
* 2-Methyloctane
* 3-Methyloctane
* 4-Methyloctane
Heptanes
Dimethylheptanes
* 2,2-Dimethylheptane
* 2,3-Dimethylheptane
* 2,4-Dimethylheptane
* 2,5- ...
References
External links
*
MSDS at Oxford University
{{Hydrides by group
Alkanes