Noctuoidea is the
superfamily
SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ...
of noctuid (
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
"night owl") or "owlet"
moth
Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of w ...
s, and has more than 70,000 described
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriat ...
, the largest number of for any
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera ( ) is an order of insects that includes butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans). About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 families and 46 superfamilies, 10 percent of the total described speci ...
n
superfamily
SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ...
. Its classification has not yet reached a satisfactory or stable state. Since the end of the 20th century, increasing availability of
molecular phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...
data for this hugely successful
radiation
In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium. This includes:
* ''electromagnetic radiation'', such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visi ...
has led to several competing proposals for a taxonomic arrangement that correctly represents the relationships between the major lineages.
Briefly, the disputes center on the fact that in old treatments (which were just as unable to reach a general consensus) the distinctness of some groups, such as the
Arctiidae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species.Scoble, MJ. (1995). ''The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and ...
or
Lymantriidae
The Lymantriinae (formerly called the Lymantriidae) are a subfamily of moths of the family Erebidae. The taxon was erected by George Hampson in 1893.
Many of its component species are referred to as "tussock moths" of one sort or another. The cat ...
, was overrated due to their characteristic appearance, while some less-studied lineages conventionally held to be Noctuidae are in fact quite distinct. This requires a
rearrangement at least of the latter family (by simply including anything disputed within it). This is quite unwieldy, and various more refined treatments have been proposed in response to it. While there is general agreement on what the
basal families of Noctuoidea are, the more diverse advanced group may be treated as one all-encompassing Noctuidae, two huge and two smaller, or even (if Arctiidae or Lymantriidae are kept distinct) more than four families, which are in some cases still quite sizeable.
Recent developments
There are several recent studies suggesting a radical change in the traditional family level classification. Recent works in redefining the families within the Noctuoidea has been carried out by Kitching (1984), Poole (1995), Kitching and Rawlins
998 Speidel et al. (1996), Mitchell et al. (1997, 2000, 2006), Fibiger and Lafontaine (2005), Lafontaine and Fibiger (2006) and Zahiri et al. (2010).
The Noctuoidea can be divided into two broad groups, those with a trifid forewing venation (
Oenosandridae
Oenosandridae is a family of Australian noctuoid moths. Genera
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classificati ...
,
Notodontidae and
Doidae
Doidae is a family of Lepidoptera first described by Julian P. Donahue and John W. Brown in 1987. Species in Doidae had previously been placed in the Arctiidae, Lymantriidae and the Dioptidae.
The family includes about six species, which are fo ...
), and those with a quadrifid forewing venation (e.g.,
Arctiidae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species.Scoble, MJ. (1995). ''The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and ...
,
Lymantriidae
The Lymantriinae (formerly called the Lymantriidae) are a subfamily of moths of the family Erebidae. The taxon was erected by George Hampson in 1893.
Many of its component species are referred to as "tussock moths" of one sort or another. The cat ...
,
Nolidae,
Noctuidae
The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, are a family of moths. They are considered the most controversial family in the superfamily Noctuoidea because many of the clades are constantly changing, along with the other ...
). What has emerged from these investigations is that the quadrifid Noctuoidea form a monophyletic group. In 2005, Fibiger and Lafontaine arranged the quadrifid (forewing) group into several families, including the quadrifine (hindwing)
Erebidae
The Erebidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Noctuoidea. The family is among the largest families of moths by species count and contains a wide variety of well-known macromoth groups. The family includes the underwings (''Catocala'' ...
and trifine (hindwing) Noctuidae, based on evidence that suggested that the trifine noctuid subfamilies were derived from within the quadrifine subfamilies, so the family Erebidae would not be strictly monophyletic.
Lafontaine and Fibiger in 2006 then redefined the Noctuidae to include the entire quadrifid group, believing the
Arctiidae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species.Scoble, MJ. (1995). ''The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and ...
,
Lymantriidae
The Lymantriinae (formerly called the Lymantriidae) are a subfamily of moths of the family Erebidae. The taxon was erected by George Hampson in 1893.
Many of its component species are referred to as "tussock moths" of one sort or another. The cat ...
, and
Nolidae to be derived from within this expanded concept of Noctuidae (and closely related to the subfamily
Catocalinae
The Catocalinae are a subfamily of noctuoid moths, placed in family Noctuidae.
In the alternative arrangement, where the Noctuidae are reduced to the core group around the Noctuinae, the present lineage is abolished, the upranked Catocalini b ...
). In essence, groups such as the Arctiidae, which had previously been treated as a separate family, were more closely related to groups within the Noctuidae than to non-noctuid families. In order to address this, a revised classification would have meant either recognizing over 20 (often weakly defined) families, or a single well-defined family with numerous subfamilies. The latter was adopted (Lafontaine and Fibiger 2006).
More recent evidence from nuclear genes (Zahiri et al. 2010) confirms that the quadrifid (forewing) noctuoids form a monophyletic group, but also that this group can be further arranged into four monophyletic subgroups: 1) the quadrifine subfamilies; 2) the trifine subfamilies; 3) the Nolinae; and 4) the Euteliinae. Considering the massive size of the family, and the large number of subfamilies, tribes, and subtribes to arrange into a classification, Zahiri et al. (2010) chose the option of recognizing these four groups as families, namely Erebidae, Noctuidae, Nolidae, and Euteliidae, in addition to the basal trifid families.
Systematics
This follows Lafontaine & Fibiger (2006), with the additions of
Thiacidinae Hacker & Zilli, 2007 and taxa in
Micronoctuidae
The Micronoctuini are a tribe of moths in the family Erebidae that includes about 400 described species. Typical species in the tribe have bifine hindwing venation (unlike most of the related subfamily Hypenodinae) and are smaller than those in ...
Fibiger, 2005. Note that the placement of
Arctiidae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species.Scoble, MJ. (1995). ''The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and ...
,
Lymantriidae
The Lymantriinae (formerly called the Lymantriidae) are a subfamily of moths of the family Erebidae. The taxon was erected by George Hampson in 1893.
Many of its component species are referred to as "tussock moths" of one sort or another. The cat ...
and
Nolidae as subfamilies of
Noctuidae
The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, are a family of moths. They are considered the most controversial family in the superfamily Noctuoidea because many of the clades are constantly changing, along with the other ...
has been largely rejected by subsequent authors. An updated classification for North American Noctuoidea has recently been published (Lafontaine & Schmidt, 2010) and further changes are imminent for a global molecular review of the superfamily (Zahiri et al., in press).
* Family
Oenosandridae
Oenosandridae is a family of Australian noctuoid moths. Genera
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classificati ...
Miller, 1991
* Family
Doidae
Doidae is a family of Lepidoptera first described by Julian P. Donahue and John W. Brown in 1987. Species in Doidae had previously been placed in the Arctiidae, Lymantriidae and the Dioptidae.
The family includes about six species, which are fo ...
Donahue & Brown, 1987
* Family
Notodontidae Stephens, 1829
** Subfamily
Thaumetopoeinae
Thaumetopoeinae is a subfamily of moths in the family Notodontidae. This group is sometimes treated as a family Thaumetopoeidae with three subfamilies: Thaumetopoeinae, Anaphinae and Epicominae. However, it is now commonly treated at subfamily r ...
Aurivillius, 1889
** Subfamily
Pygaerinae
Pygaerinae is a subfamily of the moth family Notodontidae, the silver prominents and relatives. The genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In ...
Duponchel, 1845
** Subfamily
Platychasmatinae
Platychasmatinae is a small East Asian subfamily of the moth family Notodontidae. Only two genera are placed here at present:
* '' Cyphanta'' Walker, 1865
* '' Platychasma'' Butler, 1881
Though not all Notodontidae have been assigned to subfami ...
Nakamura, 1956
** Subfamily
Notodontinae
Notodontinae is the nominate subfamily of the moth family Notodontidae. The Ptilodoninae
Ptilodoninae is a subfamily of the moth family Notodontidae. They are sometimes merged into the Notodontinae. The genus list is preliminary, as ...
Stephens, 1829
*** Tribe
Notodontini Stephens, 1829
*** Tribe
Dicranurini Duponchel, 1845
** Subfamily
Phalerinae Butler, 1886
** Subfamily
Dudusinae Matsumura, 1925
*** Tribe
Dudusini Matsumura, 1925
*** Tribe
Scranciini Miller, 1991
** Subfamily
Hemiceratinae Guenée, 1852
** Subfamily
Heterocampinae
Heterocampinae is a subfamily of prominent moths in the family Notodontidae. There are at least 60 described species of Heterocampinae in North America.
Genera
* '' Afilia'' Schaus, 1901
* '' Disphragis'' Hübner, 1820
* '' Euhyparpax'' Beuten ...
Neumogen & Dyar, 1894
** Subfamily
Nystaleinae
Nystaleinae is a subfamily of the moth family Notodontidae. The subfamily was described by William Trowbridge Merrifield Forbes in 1948.
Diversity
The subfamily Nystaleinae contains approximately 300 species.
Distribution
The subfamily is re ...
Forbes, 1948
** Subfamily
Dioptinae
Dioptinae is a subfamily of the moth family Notodontidae.
The Dioptinae are an almost exclusively neotropical group of day-flying moths, many of which exhibit bright wing coloration and are involved in mimicry rings with butterflies (especi ...
Walker, 1862
* Family
Micronoctuidae
The Micronoctuini are a tribe of moths in the family Erebidae that includes about 400 described species. Typical species in the tribe have bifine hindwing venation (unlike most of the related subfamily Hypenodinae) and are smaller than those in ...
Fibiger, 2005
** Subfamily
Micronoctuinae Fibiger, 2005
** Subfamily
Pollexinae Fibiger, 2007
** Subfamily
Belluliinae Fibiger, 2008
*** Tribe
Belluliini Fibiger, 2008
*** Tribe
Medialini Fibiger, 2008
** Subfamily
Magninae Fibiger, 2008
*** Tribe
Magnini Fibiger, 2008
*** Tribe
Faeculini Fibiger, 2008
** Subfamily
Parachrostiinae Fibiger, 2008
*** Tribe
Duplexini Fibiger, 2008
*** Tribe
Parachrostiini Fibiger, 2008
* Family
Noctuidae
The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, are a family of moths. They are considered the most controversial family in the superfamily Noctuoidea because many of the clades are constantly changing, along with the other ...
Latreille, 1809
** Subfamily
Rivulinae Grote, 1895
** Subfamily
Boletobiinae Grote, 1895
** Subfamily
Hypenodinae Forbes, 1954
** Subfamily
Araeopteroninae Fibiger, 2005
** Subfamily
Eublemminae Forbes, 1954
*** Tribe
Eublemmini Forbes, 1954
*** Tribe
Pangraptini Grote, 1882
** Subfamily
Herminiinae Leach, 1815
** Subfamily
Scolecocampinae
The Scolecocampinae are a subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae. The taxon was erected by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1883.
Taxonomy
Moths in the subfamily typically have an enclosed, sac-like tympanal pocket, split genital claspers with "co ...
Grote, 1883
** Subfamily
Hypeninae Herrich-Schäffer, 1851
** Subfamily
Phytometrinae Hampson, 1913
** Subfamily
Aventiinae Tutt, 1896
** Subfamily
Erebinae
The Erebinae are a subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae erected by William Elford Leach in 1815. Erebine moths are found on all continents except Antarctica, but reach their greatest diversity in the tropics. While the exact number of speci ...
Leach, 1815
** Subfamily
Calpinae
The Calpinae are a subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1840. This subfamily includes many species of moths that have a pointed and barbed proboscis adapted to piercing the skins of fruit to feed on ju ...
Boisduval, 1840
*** Tribe
Anomini
The Anomini are a tribe of moths in the family Erebidae.
Genera
*''Alabama
(We dare defend our rights)
, anthem = " Alabama"
, image_map = Alabama in United States.svg
, seat = Montgomery
, LargestCity = Huntsville
, LargestCounty = ...
Grote, 1882
*** Tribe
Calpini Boisduval, 1840
*** Tribe
Phyllodini
The Phyllodini are a tribe of moths in the family Erebidae.
Taxonomy
The Phyllodini are thought to be one of the two clades comprising the Calpinae
The Calpinae are a subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae described by Jean Baptiste Boisduv ...
Guenée, 1852
** Subfamily
Catocalinae
The Catocalinae are a subfamily of noctuoid moths, placed in family Noctuidae.
In the alternative arrangement, where the Noctuidae are reduced to the core group around the Noctuinae, the present lineage is abolished, the upranked Catocalini b ...
Boisduval, 1828
*** Tribe
Toxocampini Guenée, 1852
*** Tribe
Acantholipini Fibiger & Lafontaine, 2005
*** Tribe
Arytrurini Fibiger & Lafontaine, 2005
*** Tribe
Melipotini Grote, 1895
*** Tribe
Euclidiini Guenée, 1852
*** Tribe
Panopodini Forbes, 1954
*** Tribe
Ophiusini Guenée, 1837 (= Omopterini
Boisduval, 1833, suppressed older syn.)
*** Tribe
Catocalini Boisduval, 1828
*** Tribe
Anobini Holloway, 2005 (= Anobini
Wiltshire, 1990, nomen nudum)
*** Tribe
Sypnini Holloway, 2005
*** Tribe
Hypopyrini Guenée, 1852
*** Tribe
Tinolini Moore, 1885
*** Tribe
Hulodini Guenée, 1852 (= Speiredoniinae
Swinhoe, 1900)
*** Tribe
Ommatophorini Guenée, 1852
*** Tribe
Pericymini Wiltshire; 1976
*** Tribe
Pandesmini
The Pandesmini are a tribe of moths in the family Erebidae
The Erebidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Noctuoidea. The family is among the largest families of moths by species count and contains a wide variety of well-known macro ...
Wiltshire, 1990, nomen nudum
*** Tribe
Catephiini Guenée, 1852
*** Tribe
Ercheini Berio, 1992
** Subfamily
Cocytiinae Boisduval, 1874
** Subfamily
Stictopterinae Hampson, 1894
** Subfamily
Euteliinae Grote, 1882
** (Subfamily
Nolinae)
Bruand, 1846, stat rev.
*** Tribe
Nolini Bruand, 1846, stat rev.
*** Tribe
Chloephorini Stainton, 1859, stat rev.
**** Subtribe
Chloephorina Stainton, 1859, stat rev.
**** Subtribe
Sarrothripina Hampson, 1894, stat rev.
**** Subtribe
Camptolomina Mell, 1943, stat rev.
**** Subtribe
Careina Moore, 1883, stat rev.
**** Subtribe
Ariolicina Mell, 1943, stat rev.
*** Tribe
Westermanniini Hampson, 1918, stat rev.
*** Tribe
Eariadini Hampson, 1912, stat rev.
*** Tribe
Blenini Mell, 1943, stat rev.
*** Tribe
Risobini Mell, 1943, stat rev.
*** Tribe
Collomenini Kitching & Rawlins, 1998, stat rev.
*** Tribe
Afridini Kitching & Rawlins, 1998, stat rev.
*** Tribe
Eligmini Mell, 1943, stat rev.
** Subfamily
Aganainae Boisduval, 1833
** (Subfamily
Arctiinae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species.Scoble, MJ. (1995). ''The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and D ...
Leach, 1815), stat. nov.
*** Tribe
Lithosiini
The Lithosiini are a tribe of lichen moths in the family Erebidae. The taxon was described by Gustaf Johan Billberg in 1820.
Systematics
The tribe was previously treated as a higher-level taxon, the subfamily Lithosiinae, within the lichen an ...
Billberg, 1820, stat. rev.
**** Subtribe
Phryganopterygina Bendib & Minet, 1999, stat. rev.
**** Subtribe
Aesalina Bendib & Minet, 1999, stat. rev.
**** Subtribe
Eudesmiina Bendib & Minet, 1999, stat. rev.
**** Subtribe
Cisthenina Bendib & Minet, 1999, stat. rev.
**** Subtribe
Nudariina Börner, 1920, stat. rev.
**** Subtribe
Endrosina
The Endrosina are a subtribe of lichen moths in the family Erebidae.
Taxonomy
The subtribe was previously classified as the tribe Endrosini of the subfamily Lithosiinae of the family Arctiidae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arc ...
Börner, 1932, stat. rev.
**** Subtribe
Lithosiina
The Lithosiina are a subtribe of lichen moths in the family Erebidae. The taxon was erected by Gustaf Johan Billberg in 1820.
Taxonomy
The subtribe used to be classified as the tribe Lithosiini of the subfamily Lithosiinae of the family Arctiida ...
Billberg, 1820, stat. rev.
*** Tribe
Syntomini
The Syntomini are a tribe of moths in the family Erebidae. The tribe was erected by Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer in 1846.
Taxonomy
The tribe used to be classified in the subfamily Ctenuchinae of the family Arctiidae.
The wingspan ...
Herrich-Schäffer, 1846, stat. rev.
**** Subtribe
Syntomina Herrich-Schäffer, 1846, stat. rev.
**** Subtribe
Thyretina Butler, 1876, stat. rev.
*** Tribe
Arctiini Leach, 1815, stat. rev.
**** Subtribe
Arctiina Leach, 1815, stat. rev.
**** Subtribe
Callimorphina
The Callimorphina are a subtribe of woolly bear moths in the family Erebidae. The subtribe was described by Francis Walker in 1865. Many of these moths are easily confused with butterflies, being quite brightly colored and somewhat diurnal. Th ...
Walker, 1865, stat. rev.
**** Subtribe
Pericopina
The Pericopina is a subtribe of tiger moths in the family Erebidae. The subtribe was described by Francis Walker in 1869.
Taxonomy
The subtribe was previously classified as the subfamily Pericopinae of the family Arctiidae.
Selected genera
Th ...
Walker, 1865, stat. rev.
**** Subtribe
Phaegopterina
The Phaegopterina are a subtribe of tiger moths in the tribe Arctiini, which is part of the family Erebidae. The subtribe was described by William Forsell Kirby in 1892. 469 species of Phaegopterina are present and 52 that are recently discovere ...
Kirby, 1892, stat. rev.
**** Subtribe
Ctenuchina
The Ctenuchina are a subtribe of moths in the family Erebidae.
Taxonomy
The Ctenuchina were previously classified as the subfamily Ctenuchinae of the family Arctiidae. That subfamily contained three tribes: Ctenuchini, Euchromiini (wasp moths ...
Kirby, 1837, stat. rev.
**** Subtribe
Euchromiina
The Euchromiina are a subtribe of tiger moths in the family Erebidae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1876. Many species in the subtribe are mimics of wasps. Euchromiina have always been considered closely related to the subtrib ...
Butler, 1876, stat. rev.
** (Subfamily
Lymantriinae
The Lymantriinae (formerly called the Lymantriidae) are a subfamily of moths of the family Erebidae. The taxon was erected by George Hampson in 1893.
Many of its component species are referred to as "tussock moths" of one sort or another. The cat ...
)
Hampson, 1893, stat. nov.
*** Tribe
Lymantriini Hampson, 1893, stat. rev.
*** Tribe
Orgyiini Wallengren, 1861, stat. rev.
*** Tribe
Arctornithini
''Arctornis'' is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae, and the sole member of the tribe Arctornithini. The genus was erected by Ernst Friedrich Germar
Ernst Friedrich Germar (3 November 1786 – 8 July 1853) was a German professor ...
Holloway, 1999, stat. rev.
*** Tribe
Leucomini
The Leucomini are a tribe of tussock moth
The Lymantriinae (formerly called the Lymantriidae) are a subfamily of moths of the family Erebidae. The taxon was erected by George Hampson in 1893.
Many of its component species are referred to as "t ...
Grote, 1895, stat. rev.
*** Tribe
Nygmiini
The Nygmiini are a tribe of tussock moth
The Lymantriinae (formerly called the Lymantriidae) are a subfamily of moths of the family Erebidae. The taxon was erected by George Hampson in 1893.
Many of its component species are referred to as "tu ...
Holloway, 1999, stat. rev.
** Subfamily
Strepsimaninae Meyrick, 1930, stat rev.
** Subfamily
Plusiinae
Plusiinae is a smallish (for noctuid standards) subfamily of the moth family Noctuidae. As the Noctuidae appear to be a paraphyletic assemblage, the Plusiinae may eventually be raised to family status (Weller ''et al.'' 1994).
Comparison of E ...
Boisduval, 1828
*** Tribe
Abrostolini Eichlin & Cunningham, 1978
*** Tribe
Argyrogrammatini Eichlin & Cunningham, 1978
*** Tribe
Plusiini
The Plusiini are the largest tribe of moths in the Plusiinae subfamily. At least one undescribed genus is known to exist.
Genera
Subtribe Autoplusiina Kitching, 1987
*'' Erythroplusia''
*'' Macdunnoughia''
*'' Sclerogenia''
*'' Antoculeora'' ...
Boisduval, 1828
**** Subtribe
Autoplusiina Kitching, 1987
**** Subtribe
Euchaciina Chou & Lu, 1979
**** Subtribe
Plusiina Boisduval, 1828
** Subfamily
Eustrotiinae Grote, 1882
** Subfamily
Bagisarinae
''Bagisara'' is a genus of moths of the monotypic subfamily Bagisarinae of the family Noctuidae
The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, are a family of moths. They are considered the most controversial family in th ...
Crumb, 1956
*** Tribe
Bagisarini Crumb, 1956
*** Tribe
Cydosiini Kitching & Rawlins, 1998
** Subfamily
Acontiinae
Acontiinae is a subfamily of bird dropping moths in the family Noctuidae. There are more than 50 genera and 430 described species in Acontiinae, found worldwide in temperate and tropical climates.
Genera
These 52 genera belong to the subfamily ...
Guenée, 1841
*** Tribe
Hypercalymniini Fibiger & Lafontaine, 2005
*** Tribe
Acontiini Guenée, 1841
*** Tribe
Armadini Wiltshire, 1961
*** Tribe
Aediini Beck, 1960
** Subfamily
Pantheinae
Pantheinae is a small subfamily of moth family Noctuidae. It used to be considered a family, under the name Pantheidae.
Genera
*'' Anacronicta''
*'' Anepholcia''
*'' Bathyra''
*'' Brandtina''
*'' Charadra''
*''Colocasia''
*'' Disepholcia''
*'' E ...
Smith, 1898
** Subfamily
Diphtherinae Fibiger & Lafontaine, 2005
** Subfamily
Dilobinae
''Diloba'' is a genus of moth
Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 16 ...
Aurivillius, 1889
** Subfamily
Raphiinae Beck, 1996
** Subfamily
Balsinae Grote, 1896, stat. rev.
** Subfamily
Acronictinae
Acronictinae is a large subfamily of moths in the family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is t ...
Heinemann, 1859
** Subfamily
Metoponiinae
Metoponiinae is a subfamily of owlet moths in the family Noctuidae. There are about 16 genera and more than 70 described species in Metoponiinae.
Genera
These 16 genera belong to the subfamily Metoponiinae:
* '' Aegle'' Hübner, 1823
* '' Axenu ...
Herrich-Schäffer, 1851
** Subfamily
Sinocharinae Speidel, Fänger & Naumann, 1996
** Subfamily
Lophonyctinae Speidel, Fänger & Naumann, 1996
** Subfamily
Agaristinae
Agaristinae is one of the larger subfamilies of moths in the family Noctuidae. The subfamily was erected by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1833. Its internal phylogeny
A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2 ...
Herrich-Schäffer, 1858
** Subfamily
Eucocytiinae Hampson, 1918
** Subfamily
Cuculliinae
Cuculliinae is one of the larger subfamilies of moths in the Family (biology), family Noctuidae.
Genera
References
*
Cuculliinae,
{{Cuculliinae-stub ...
Herrich-Schäffer, 1850
** Subfamily
Oncocnemidinae
Oncocnemidinae is a subfamily of moths which belong to the large moth family (Noctuidae
The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, are a family of moths. They are considered the most controversial family in the supe ...
Forbes & Franclemont, 1954
** Subfamily
Amphipyrinae
Amphipyrinae is a subfamily of owlet moths in the family Noctuidae. There are more than 50 genera and 210 described species in Amphipyrinae, although the classifications are likely to change over time.
This subfamily has been used as a catchall ...
Guenée, 1837
** Subfamily
Psaphidinae Grote, 1896
*** Tribe
Psaphidini
Psaphidini is a tribe of owlet moths in the family Noctuidae. There are at least 40 genera and at least 90 described species in Psaphidini.
Genera
* ''Acopa'' Harvey, 1875
* '' Airamia'' Barnes & Benjamin, 1926
* '' Aleptina'' Dyar, 1902
* '' ...
Grote, 1896
*** Tribe
Feraliini Poole, 1995
*** Tribe
Nocloini Poole, 1995
*** Tribe
Triocnemidini Poole, 1995
** Subfamily
Stiriinae
Stiriinae is a subfamily of owlet moths in the family Noctuidae. There are more than 20 genera and 130 described species in Stiriinae.
Stiriinae was formed as a result of phylogenetic research published in 2019, when the tribe Stiriini was deter ...
Grote, 1882
*** Tribe
Stiriini
Stiriini is a tribe of owlet moths in the family Noctuidae. There are about 16 genera and more than 90 described species in Stiriini.
Stiriini was formerly a tribe of the subfamily Amphipyrinae. As a result of phylogenetic research published i ...
Grote, 1882
*** Tribe
Grotellini Poole, 1995
*** Tribe
Azenini Poole, 1995
** Subfamily
Heliothinae
Heliothinae is a small, cosmopolitan subfamily of moths in the family Noctuidae, with about 400 described species worldwide. It includes a number of economically significant agricultural pest species, such as ''Helicoverpa armigera'' and '' Helic ...
Boisduval, 1828
** Subfamily
Condicinae
Condicinae is a subfamily of moths in the family Noctuidae. The subfamily was erected by Robert W. Poole in 1995.
Tribes and genera
*Condicini Poole, 1995
**'' Prospalta'' Walker, 858/small>
**'' Chytonix'' Grote, 1874
**'' Niphonyx'' Sugi in I ...
Poole, 1995
*** Tribe
Condicini Poole, 1995
*** Tribe
Leuconyctini Poole, 1995
** Subfamily
Eriopinae Herrich-Schäffer, 1851
** Subfamily
Bryophilinae
Bryophilinae is a subfamily of moths in the family Noctuidae. The subfamily was erected by Achille Guenée
Achille Guenée (sometimes M.A. Guenée; 1 January 1809 – 30 December 1880) was a French lawyer and entomologist.
Biography
Achille G ...
Guenée, 1852
** Subfamily
Xyleninae Guenée, 1837
*** Tribe
Pseudeustrotiini
Pseudeustrotiini is a tribe of cutworm or dart moths in the family Noctuidae
The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, are a family of moths. They are considered the most controversial family in the superfamily Noct ...
Beck, 1996
*** Tribe
Phosphilini Poole, 1995, stat. rev.
*** Tribe
Prodenilni Forbes, 1954
*** Tribe
Eiaphriini Beck, 1996
*** Tribe
Caradrinini
The Caradrinini are a mid-sized tribe of moths in the family Noctuidae .
Genera
*'' Andropolia'' Grote, 1895
*'' Athetis'' Hübner, 1821
*'' Bellura'' Walker, 1865
*'' Callopistria'' Hübner, 1821
*'' Caradrina''
*'' Conservula'' Grote, 1874
*'' ...
Boisduval, 1840
**** Subtribe
Caradrinina Boisduval, 1840
**** Subtribe
Athetina Fibiger & Lafontaine, 2005
*** Tribe
Dypterygiini Forbes, 1954
*** Tribe
Actinotiini Beck, 1996
*** Tribe
Phlogophorini Hampson, 1918
*** Tribe
Apameini
The Apameini are a mid-sized tribe of moths in the Noctuinae subfamily (formerly in the Hadeninae subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family bu ...
Guenée, 1841 (= Nonagriini
Guenée, 1837, suppressed older syn.)
**** Subtribe
Oxytripiina Gozmany, 1970
**** Subtribe
Apameina Guenée, 1841
**** Subtribe
Sesamiina Fibiger & Goldstein, 2005
*** Tribe
Arzamini Grote, 1883
*** Tribe
Episemini Guenée, 1852
*** Tribe
Xylenini
The Xylenini are a mid-sized tribe of moths in the Hadeninae subfamily. There is some dispute about this tribe. Some resources have these genera listed under subfamily Cuculliinae instead, or upranked them to a distinct subfamily Xyleninae.
Ge ...
Guenée, 1837
**** Subtribe
Xylenina Guenée, 1837
**** Subtribe
Cosmiina Guenée, 1852, stat. rev.
**** Subtribe
Antitypina Forbes & Franclemont, 1954
**** Subtribe
Ufeina Crumb, 1956
** Subfamily
Hadeninae
Hadeninae was formerly a subfamily of the moth family Noctuidae, but was merged into the subfamily Noctuinae. The tribes Apameini, Caradrinini, Elaphriini, Episemini, Eriopygini, Hadenini, Leucaniini, Orthosiini, and Xylenini
The Xylenin ...
Guenée, 1837
*** Tribe
Orthosiini
The Orthosiini are a mid-sized tribe of noctuid moths in the subfamily Hadeninae. The tribe was erected by Achille Guenée in 1837.
Genera include:
* ''Achatia''
* ''Anorthoa''
* ''Dioszeghyana''
* '' Egira''
* ''Harutaeographa''
* '' Houlbert ...
Guenée, 1837
*** Tribe
Tholerini Beck, 1996
*** Tribe
Hadenini
Hadenini is a tribe of cutworm or dart moths in the family Noctuidae. There are more than 140 genera and 1,000 described species in Hadenini, found worldwide.
Hadenini was formerly a tribe of the subfamily Hadeninae, but Hadeninae was moved to ...
Guenée, 1837
*** Tribe
Leucaniini
Leucaniini is a tribe of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. There are at least 40 described species in Leucaniini.
Genera
* '' Leucania'' Ochsenheimer, 1816
* ''Mythimna
Mythimna ( el, Μύθημνα, Δήμος Μυθήμνης) i ...
Guenée, 1837
*** Tribe
Eriopygini
The Eriopygini are a small-sized tribe of moths in the Noctuinae subfamily. It was formerly placed in the Hadeninae
Hadeninae was formerly a subfamily of the moth family Noctuidae, but was merged into the subfamily Noctuinae. The tribes Apamei ...
Fibiger & Lafontaine, 2005
*** Tribe
Glottulini Guenée, 1852
** Subfamily
Noctuinae
The Noctuinae are a subfamily of the family Noctuidae, and is composed of moths. The larvae of many species feed on roots or stems of various grasses. Some are generalist feeders which makes them potential pests.
Noctuid systematics is in a ...
Latreille, 1809
*** Tribe
Agrotini Rambur, 1848
**** Subtribe
Austrandesiina Angulo & Olivares, 1990
**** Subtribe
Agrotina Rambur, 1848
*** Tribe
Noctuini
Noctuini is a tribe of owlet moths in the family Noctuidae. There are at least 520 described species in Noctuini.
Noctuini genera
* ''Abagrotis'' Smith, 1890
* '' Actebia'' Stephens, 1829
* '' Adelphagrotis'' Smith, 1890
* ''Agnorisma'' Lafontai ...
Latreille, 1809
**** Subtribe
Axyliina Fibiger & Lafontaine, 2005
**** Subtribe
Noctuina Latreille, 1809
References
*
*
*Hacker, Hermann H. & Zilli, Alberto (2007). ''Esperiana Buchreihe zur Entomologie'' '
Memoir 3'': 179–246.
*Kitching, Ian J. & Rawlins, John E. (1999). "The Noctuoidea". In: ''Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies'', Volume 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography, ed. N. P.Kristensen, pp. 355–401. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin.
*Lafontaine, J. Donald & Fibiger, Michael (2006)
"Revised higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera). ''
Canadian Entomologist
''The Canadian Entomologist'' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of entomology. It is published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Entomological Society of Canada and was established in 1868. Volumes ...
''. 138 (5): 610–635
*
*O'Toole, Christopher (ed.) (2002). ''Firefly Encyclopedia of Insects and Spiders''. .
*
External links
Tree of Life(summary of R. Zahiri's ongoing PhD studies)
{{Taxonbar, from=Q133240
Lepidoptera superfamilies
Macroheterocera