The Nizhny Novgorod Governorate (Pre-reformed rus, Нижегородская губернія, r=Nizhegorodskaya guberniya, p=nʲɪʐɨɡɐˈrotskəjə ɡʊˈbʲernʲɪjə), was an administrative division (a ''
guberniya'') of the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
,
Russian Republic
The Russian Republic,. referred to as the Russian Democratic Federal Republic. in the Decree on the system of government of Russia (1918), 1918 Constitution, was a short-lived state (polity), state which controlled, ''de jure'', the territ ...
, and the
Russian SFSR
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...
, roughly corresponding to the
Upper and Middle Volga region and what is now most of the
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (russian: link=no, Нижегородская область, ''Nizhegorodskaya oblast''), is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localiti ...
. In the early of 20th Century, the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate bordered the
Kostroma
Kostroma ( rus, Кострома́, p=kəstrɐˈma) is a historic city and the administrative center of Kostroma Oblast, Russia. A part of the Golden Ring of Russian cities, it is located at the confluence of the rivers Volga and Kostroma. Popu ...
and
Vyatka governorates to the north, the
Vladimir Governorate
{{Commons cat, Governorates of the Russian Empire
Subdivisions of the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It ...
to the west, the
Kazan
Kazan ( ; rus, Казань, p=kɐˈzanʲ; tt-Cyrl, Казан, ''Qazan'', IPA: ɑzan is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan in Russia. The city lies at the confluence of the Volga and the Kazanka rivers, covering a ...
and
Simbirsk governorates to the east, and the
Penza
Penza ( rus, Пе́нза, p=ˈpʲɛnzə) is the largest city and administrative center of Penza Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Sura River, southeast of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, Penza had a population of 517,311, making it the 38th-l ...
and
Tambov governorates to the south.
In the early 18th Century, the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate was included in the
Kazan Governorate
The Kazan Governorate (russian: Каза́нская губе́рния; tt-Cyrl, Казан губернасы; cv, Хусан кӗперниӗ; mhr, Озаҥ губерний), or the Government of Kazan, was a governorate (a ''guberniya'') o ...
, from 1708–1714, and 1717–1719. The Reform of Peter the Great formed the newly governorate from 1714 to 1779. in the Reign of
Catherine the Great
, en, Catherine Alexeievna Romanova, link=yes
, house =
, father = Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst
, mother = Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp
, birth_date =
, birth_name = Princess Sophie of Anhal ...
, the governorate was reorganized to the Viceroyalty until 1796. In 1929 the governorate was disestablished, as a result of the new administrative reform, where the governorate was again reorganized to the
Oblast
An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdom of ...
. The governorate's administrative center was seated in
Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod ( ; rus, links=no, Нижний Новгород, a=Ru-Nizhny Novgorod.ogg, p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət ), colloquially shortened to Nizhny, from the 13th to the 17th century Novgorod of the Lower Land, formerly known as Gork ...
and consisted of eleven
''uezds''.
Geography
Nizhny Novgorod Governorate was bordered by the following governorates: the
Vladimir Governorate
{{Commons cat, Governorates of the Russian Empire
Subdivisions of the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It ...
to the west,
Kostroma
Kostroma ( rus, Кострома́, p=kəstrɐˈma) is a historic city and the administrative center of Kostroma Oblast, Russia. A part of the Golden Ring of Russian cities, it is located at the confluence of the rivers Volga and Kostroma. Popu ...
and
Vyatka governorates to the north,
Kazan
Kazan ( ; rus, Казань, p=kɐˈzanʲ; tt-Cyrl, Казан, ''Qazan'', IPA: ɑzan is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan in Russia. The city lies at the confluence of the Volga and the Kazanka rivers, covering a ...
and
Simbirsk governorates to the east, and
Penza
Penza ( rus, Пе́нза, p=ˈpʲɛnzə) is the largest city and administrative center of Penza Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Sura River, southeast of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, Penza had a population of 517,311, making it the 38th-l ...
and
Tambov governorates to the south.
The area of the governorate was in 1847, in 1905,
and in 1926.
The
Oka
Oka or OKA may refer to:
Cars
* Oka (automobile), a small car designed by AvtoVAZ and produced by ZMA and SeAZ
* OKA 4wd, a large 4-wheel-drive vehicle made in Western Australia by OKA
Military
* 2B1 Oka, Soviet 420 mm self-propelled mor ...
and
Volga
The Volga (; russian: Во́лга, a=Ru-Волга.ogg, p=ˈvoɫɡə) is the List of rivers of Europe#Rivers of Europe by length, longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Cas ...
rivers divided the governorate into two parts that differed significantly in relief, geological structure, soils, and vegetation: the northern was a lowland, and the southern was an upland.
History
Nizhny Novgorod Land in pre-Peter periods
Formation of the Governorate
In the course of the
regional reform of Peter I in 1708, Nizhny Novgorod Governorate, was included in the
Kazan Governorate
The Kazan Governorate (russian: Каза́нская губе́рния; tt-Cyrl, Казан губернасы; cv, Хусан кӗперниӗ; mhr, Озаҥ губерний), or the Government of Kazan, was a governorate (a ''guberniya'') o ...
. In January 1714, a new Nizhny Novgorod Governorate separated from the northwestern part of the Kazan Governorate. In addition to Nizhny Novgorod, including the cities of
Alatyr,
Arzamas
Arzamas (russian: Арзама́с) is a city in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the Tyosha River (a tributary of the Oka), east of Moscow. Population:
History
Arzamas was founded in 1578 by Ivan the Terrible in the lands popul ...
,
Balakhna
Balakhna (russian: Балахна́) is a town and the administrative center of Balakhninsky District in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Volga River, north of Nizhny Novgorod, the administrative center of the obl ...
,
Vasilsursk
Vasilsursk (russian: Васильсу́рск) is an urban locality (a work settlement) in Vorotynsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the Sura River, not far from its fall into the Volga.
History
A Kuruk Mari (a tribe ...
,
Gorokhovets,
Kurmysh,
Yuryevets Yuryevets (russian: Юрьевец) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
Modern localities Urban localities
*Yuryevets, Ivanovo Oblast, a town in Yuryevetsky District of Ivanovo Oblast
Rural localities
* Yuryevets, Dzerzhinsk, ...
,
Yadrin
Yadrin (russian: Я́дрин; cv, Етӗрне, ''Yetĕrne'') is a town and the administrative center of Yadrinsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. Yadrin is located on the left bank of the Sura River, southwest of Cheboksary, the c ...
with adjacent territories. In 1717, the Governorate was abolished, and the Governorate again merged with the Kazan Governorate.
On May 29, 1719, as a result of the
Second Peter I's reform, the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate has recreated again. It included 3 provinces: Alatyr, Arzamas, Nizhny Novgorod, and 7 cities.
In the course of
Catherine II's administrative reform on September 5, 1779, the Nizhny Novgorod Viceroyalty was established, which included the former Nizhny Novgorod Governorate, as well as parts of the previously formed
Ryazan
Ryazan ( rus, Рязань, p=rʲɪˈzanʲ, a=ru-Ryazan.ogg) is the largest city and administrative center of Ryazan Oblast, Russia. The city is located on the banks of the Oka River in Central Russia, southeast of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census ...
and
Vladimir viceroyalties
Vladimir may refer to:
Names
* Vladimir (name) for the Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Macedonian, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak and Slovenian spellings of a Slavic name
* Uladzimir for the Belarusian version of the name
* Volodymyr for the Ukr ...
, and a part of the Kazan Governorate.
On December 12, 1796, under
Paul I Paul I may refer to:
*Paul of Samosata (200–275), Bishop of Antioch
*Paul I of Constantinople (died c. 350), Archbishop of Constantinople
*Pope Paul I (700–767)
*Paul I Šubić of Bribir (c. 1245–1312), Ban of Croatia and Lord of Bosnia
*Paul ...
, the Nizhny Novgorod Viceroyalty was renamed a Governorate.
In October 1797, the area of the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate was increased at the expense of the territories received during the partition of the
Penza Governorate
Penza Governorate (russian: Пензенская губерния) was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Russian Empire and Russian SFSR, located in the Volga Region. It existed from 1796 to 1797 and again from 1801 to 1928; it ...
. After the accession to the throne of
Alexander I Alexander I may refer to:
* Alexander I of Macedon, king of Macedon 495–454 BC
* Alexander I of Epirus (370–331 BC), king of Epirus
* Pope Alexander I (died 115), early bishop of Rome
* Pope Alexander I of Alexandria (died 320s), patriarch of ...
on September 9, 1801, the Penza Governorate was restored to its previous area.
In connection with the ''
Zemstvo
A ''zemstvo'' ( rus, земство, p=ˈzʲɛmstvə, plural ''zemstva'' – rus, земства) was an institution of local government set up during the great emancipation reform of 1861 carried out in Imperial Russia by Emperor Alexander ...
'' reform, in 1865, the institute of local government introduced the Zemstvo in the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate.
The Nizhny Novgorod Governorate was among the 17 regions recognized as seriously affected during the
famine of 1891–1892.
After the
October Revolution of 1917
The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment ...
, the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate became part of the
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...
(RSFSR) formed in 1918.
In 1922, the Governorate included the Varnavinsky and Vetluzhsky districts of the Kostroma Governorate, the Kurmyshsky district of the Simbirsk Governorate, and a small part of the Tambov Governorate.
By a decree of the Presidium of the
All-Russian Central Executive Committee
The All-Russian Central Executive Committee ( rus, Всероссийский Центральный Исполнительный Комитет, Vserossiysky Centralny Ispolnitelny Komitet, VTsIK) was the highest legislative, administrative and r ...
on January 14, 1929, the Governorates were completely abolished. On the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate, the
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (russian: link=no, Нижегородская область, ''Nizhegorodskaya oblast''), is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localiti ...
was formed, which also included the territories of the abolished
Vyatka Governorate
Vyatka Governorate (russian: Вятская губерния, udm, Ватка губерний, mhr, Виче губерний, tt-Cyrl, Вәтке губернасы) was a governorate of the Russian Empire and Russian Soviet Federative Socia ...
and small sections of the Vladimir and Kostroma governorates.
[s:Постановление Президиума ВЦИК от 14 января 1929 года, Постановление ВЦИК от 14.01.1929 «Об образовании на территории Р. С. Ф. С. Р. административно-территориальных объединений краевого и областного значения»]
Subdivisions
*Ardatovsky Uyezd (Nizhny Novgorod Governorate), Ardatovsky Uyezd
*Arzamassky Uyezd
*Balakhninsky Uyezd
*Vasilsursky Uyezd
*Gorbatovsky Uyezd
*
Knyagininsky Uyezd
*
Lukoyanovsky Uyezd Lukoyanovsky Uyezd (''Лукояновский уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Lukoyanov.
D ...
*
Makaryevsky Uyezd
*
Nizhegorodsky Uyezd Nizhegorodsky Uyezd (''Нижегородский уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the central part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Nizhny Novgorod ...
*
Semyonovsky Uyezd
*
Sergachsky Uyezd Sergachsky Uyezd (''Сергачский уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Sergach.
Demograph ...
References
Governorates of the Russian Empire
States and territories established in 1714
States and territories disestablished in 1929
Governorates of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
1714 establishments in Russia
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