Nizatidine is a histamine H₂ receptor antagonist that inhibits

stomach acid Gastric acid, gastric juice, or stomach acid is a digestive fluid formed within the stomach lining. With a pH between 1 and 3, gastric acid plays a key role in digestion of proteins by activating digestive enzymes, which together break down the ...

production, and is commonly used in the treatment of

peptic ulcer Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a break in the inner lining of the stomach, the first part of the small intestine, or sometimes the lower esophagus. An ulcer in the stomach is called a gastric ulcer, while one in the first part of the intestines i ...

disease and

gastroesophageal reflux disease Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is one of the upper gastrointestinal chronic diseases where stomach content persistently and regularly flows up into the esophagus, resulting in symptoms and/ ...

. It was patented in 1980 and approved for medical use in 1988. It was developed by

Eli Lilly Eli Lilly (July 8, 1838 – June 6, 1898) was an American soldier, pharmacist, chemist, and businessman who founded the Eli Lilly and Company pharmaceutical corporation. Lilly enlisted in the Union Army during the American Civil War and r ...

. Brand names include Tazac and Axid.

Medical use

Nizatidine is used to treat

duodenal ulcers Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a break in the inner lining of the stomach, the first part of the small intestine, or sometimes the lower esophagus. An ulcer in the stomach is called a gastric ulcer, while one in the first part of the intestines ...

gastric ulcers Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a break in the inner lining of the stomach, the first part of the small intestine, or sometimes the lower esophagus. An ulcer in the stomach is called a gastric ulcer, while one in the first part of the intestines i ...

, and

(GERD/GORD), and to prevent

stress ulcer A stress ulcer is a single or multiple mucosal defect usually caused by physiological (not psychological) stress which can become complicated by upper gastrointestinal bleeding. This ulcers can be caused by shock, sepsis, trauma or other conditions ...

Adverse effects

Side effects are uncommon, usually minor, and include diarrhea, constipation, fatigue, drowsiness, headache, and muscle aches.

History and development

Nizatidine was developed by

, and was first marketed in 1988. It is considered to be equipotent with

ranitidine Ranitidine, sold under the brand name Zantac among others, is a medication used to decrease stomach acid production. It is commonly used in treatment of peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. I ...

and differs by the substitution of a

thiazole Thiazole, or 1,3-thiazole, is a heterocyclic compound that contains both sulfur and nitrogen. The term 'thiazole' also refers to a large family of derivatives. Thiazole itself is a pale yellow liquid with a pyridine-like odor and the molecular for ...

ring in place of the

furan Furan is a heterocyclic organic compound, consisting of a five-membered aromatic ring with four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. Chemical compounds containing such rings are also referred to as furans. Furan is a colorless, flammable, highly ...

ring in ranitidine. In September 2000, Eli Lilly announced they would sell the sales and marketing rights for Axid to

Reliant Pharmaceuticals Reliant Pharmaceuticals was a company purchased by GlaxoSmithKline in December 2007 for $1.65B. Co-founded by Joseph J. Krivulka. It was known for six major products, including Lovaza(Omega-3), Axid(H2 blocker), Dynacirc CR (calcium channel blo ...

. Subsequently, Reliant developed the oral solution of Axid, marketing this in 2004, after gaining approval from the

U.S. Food and Drug Administration The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) is a federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Services. The FDA is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the control and supervision of food ...

(FDA). However, a year later, they sold rights of the Axid Oral Solution (including the issued patent protecting the product) to Braintree Laboratories. Nizatidine proved to be the last new histamine H₂ receptor antagonist introduced prior to the advent of

proton pump inhibitor Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a class of medications that cause a profound and prolonged reduction of stomach acid production. They do so by irreversibly inhibiting the stomach's H+/K+ ATPase proton pump. They are the most potent inhibitors ...

s. Axid (nizatidine) drug recalled due to presence of NDMA.

References

External links

* {{Portal bar , Medicine Eli Lilly and Company brands H2 receptor antagonists Nitroethenes Thiazoles Thioethers

Medical use

Adverse effects

History and development

See also

References

External links