Nitrospirota is a phylum of bacteria. It includes multiple genera, such as ''
Nitrospira
''Nitrospira'' (from Latin: nitro, meaning "nitrate" and Greek: spira, meaning "spiral") translate into “a nitrate spiral” is a genus of bacteria within the monophyletic clade of the Nitrospirota phylum. The first member of this genus was d ...
'', the largest. The first member of this phylum, ''
Nitrospira marina
''Nitrospira'' (from Latin: nitro, meaning "nitrate" and Greek: spira, meaning "spiral") translate into “a nitrate spiral” is a genus of bacteria within the monophyletic clade of the Nitrospirota phylum. The first member of this genus was d ...
'', was discovered in 1985. The second member, ''
Nitrospira moscoviensis
''Nitrospira moscoviensis'' was the second bacterium classified under the most diverse nitrite-oxidizing bacteria phylum, ''Nitrospirae''. It is a gram-negative, non-motile, facultative lithoauthotropic bacterium that was discovered in Moscow, Ru ...
'', was discovered in 1995.
Nitrospirota contains
nitrifying taxa which oxidize nitrite to nitrate (nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, NOB) and
commamox bacteria ''
Nitrospira inopinata
''Nitrospira inopinata'' is a bacterium from the phylum Nitrospirota. This phylum contains nitrite-oxidizing bacteria playing role in nitrification. However ''N. inopinata'' was shown to perform complete ammonia oxidation to nitrate thus being the ...
'' discovered in 2015 and cultivated in 2017.
Phylogeny
Taxonomy
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is an online database that maintains information on the naming and taxonomy of prokaryotes, following the taxonomy requirements and rulings of the International Code of Nomenclature ...
(LSPN)
and the
National Center for Biotechnology Information
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The ...
(NCBI).
* Phylum "Nitrospirota"
Garrity & Holt 2021
** Class "
Leptospirillia"
*** Order "
Leptospirillales"
**** Family "
Leptospirillaceae"
Cavalier-Smith 2020
***** Genus ''
Leptospirillum''
Markosyan 1972 ex Hippe 2000
****** Species "''
L. ferrodiazotrophum''"
Tyson et al. 2005
****** Species ''
L. ferriphilum''
Coram & Rawlings 2002
****** Species ''
L. ferrooxidans''
Markosyan 1972 ex Hippe 2000
****** Species "''
L. rubarum''"
Aliaga Goltsman et al. 2009
****** Species ''
L. thermoferrooxidans''
Hippe 2000
** Class
Nitrospiria
Nitrospirota is a phylum of bacteria. It includes multiple genera, such as '' Nitrospira'', the largest. The first member of this phylum, '' Nitrospira marina'', was discovered in 1985. The second member, '' Nitrospira moscoviensis'', was discove ...
Oren et al. 2015
*** Order "
Troglogloeales"
Yu et al. 2022
**** Genus "''Candidatus''
Troglogloea"
corrig. Kostanjsek et al. 2013
***** Species "''Ca.''
T. absolonii"
corrig. Kostanjsek et al. 2013
**** Family "
Manganitrophaceae"
Yu et al. 2022
***** Genus "''Candidatus''
Manganitrophus"
Yu & Leadbetter 2020
****** Species "''Ca.''
M. morganii"
Yu et al. 2022
****** Species "''Ca.''
M. noduliformans"
Yu & Leadbetter 2020
*** Order "
Nitrospirales
Nitrospirota is a phylum of bacteria. It includes multiple genera, such as '' Nitrospira'', the largest. The first member of this phylum, '' Nitrospira marina'', was discovered in 1985. The second member, '' Nitrospira moscoviensis'', was discove ...
"
Garrity & Holt 2001
**** Family "
Nitrospiraceae"
Garrity & Holt 2001
***** Genus "''Ca.''
Magnetominusculus"
Lin et al. 2017
****** Species "''Ca.''
M. xianensis"
Lin et al. 2017
***** Genus ''
Nitrospira
''Nitrospira'' (from Latin: nitro, meaning "nitrate" and Greek: spira, meaning "spiral") translate into “a nitrate spiral” is a genus of bacteria within the monophyletic clade of the Nitrospirota phylum. The first member of this genus was d ...
''
Watson et al. 1986
****** Species "''Ca.''
N. alkalitolerans"
Daebeler et al. 2020
****** Species "''Ca.''
N. bockiana"
Lebedeva et al. 2008
****** Species ''
N. calida''
Lebedeva et al. 2011
****** Species ''
N. defluvii''
Nowka et al. 2015
****** Species "''Ca.''
N. inopinata"
Daims et al. 2015
****** Species ''
N. japonica''
Ushiki et al. 2013
****** Species "''Ca.''
N. kreftii"
Sakoula et al. 2021
****** Species ''
N. lenta''
Nowka et al. 2015
****** Species ''
N. marina''
Watson et al. 1986 (type sp.)
****** Species ''
N. moscoviensis''
Ehrich et al. 1995
****** Species "''Ca.''
N. nitrificans"
van Kessel et al. 2015
****** Species "''Ca.''
N. nitrosa"
van Kessel et al. 2015
****** Species "''Ca.''
N. salsa"
Haaijer et al. 2013
** Class
Thermodesulfovibrionia Umezawa et al. 2021
*** Order "
Thermodesulfovibrionales"
Umezawa et al. 2021
**** Family
Dissulfurispiraceae Umezawa et al. 2021
***** Genus
Dissulfurispira Umezawa et al. 2021
****** Species
D. thermophila Umezawa et al. 2021
**** Family
Thermodesulfovibrionaceae Umezawa et al. 2021
***** Genus "''Candidatus''
Magnetobacterium"
Spring et al. 1993
****** Species "''Ca.''
M. bavaricum"
Spring et al. 1993
****** Species "''Ca.''
M. casense"
corrig. Lin et al. 2014
***** Genus "''Candidatus''
Magnetovum"
corrig. Lefevre et al. 2011
****** Species "''Ca.''
M. chiemensis"
Kolinko 2014
****** Species "''Ca.''
M. mohavensis"
Lefevre et al. 2011
***** Genus "''Candidatus''
Sulfobium"
Zecchin et al. 2018
****** Species "''Ca.''
S. mesophilum"
Zecchin et al. 2018
***** Genus ''
Thermodesulfovibrio''
Henry et al. 1994 emend. Sekiguchi et al. 2008
****** Species ''
T. aggregans''
Sekiguchi et al. 2008
****** Species ''
T. hydrogeniphilus''
Haouari et al. 2009
****** Species ''
T. islandicus''
Sonne-Hansen and Ahring 2000
****** Species ''
T. thiophilus''
Sekiguchi et al. 2008
****** Species ''
T. yellowstonii''
Henry et al. 1994 (type sp.)
See also
*
Nitrospira
''Nitrospira'' (from Latin: nitro, meaning "nitrate" and Greek: spira, meaning "spiral") translate into “a nitrate spiral” is a genus of bacteria within the monophyletic clade of the Nitrospirota phylum. The first member of this genus was d ...
*
Nitrosomonas
''Nitrosomonas'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, belonging to the Betaproteobacteria. It is one of the five genera of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and, as an obligate chemolithoautotroph, uses ammonia (NH3) as an energy source and carbon di ...
*
Nitrobacteraceae
The Nitrobacteraceae are a family of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria. They include plant-associated bacteria such as ''Bradyrhizobium'', a genus of rhizobia associated with some legumes. It also contains animal-associated bacteria such as ''Afipi ...
*
Nitrobacter
''Nitrobacter'' is a genus comprising rod-shaped, gram-negative, and chemoautotrophic bacteria. The name ''Nitrobacter'' derives from the Latin neuter gender noun ''nitrum, nitri'', alkalis; the Ancient Greek noun βακτηρία'','' βακτ ...
*
Nitrogen cycle
The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among atmospheric, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems. The conversion of nitrogen can be carried out through both biologi ...
*
Nitrite
The nitrite polyatomic ion, ion has the chemical formula . Nitrite (mostly sodium nitrite) is widely used throughout chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The nitrite anion is a pervasive intermediate in the nitrogen cycle in nature. The name ...
*
Nitrate
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion
A polyatomic ion, also known as a molecular ion, is a covalent bonded set of two or more atoms, or of a metal complex, that can be considered to behave as a single unit and that has a net charge that is not zer ...
*
List of bacterial orders
This article lists the orders of the Bacteria. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
and the phylogeny is based on 16S ...
*
Comammox Comammox (COMplete AMMonia OXidation) is the name attributed to an organism that can convert ammonia into nitrite and then into nitrate through the process of nitrification. Nitrification has traditionally thought to be a two-step process, where amm ...
See also
*
List of bacterial orders
This article lists the orders of the Bacteria. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
and the phylogeny is based on 16S ...
*
List of bacteria genera This article lists the genera of the bacteria. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). However many taxonomic names are ...
References
Further reading
*
External links
*
Bacteria phyla
{{bacteria-stub