Nitrogen oxide may refer to a
binary compound
In materials chemistry, a binary phase or binary compound is a chemical compound containing two different elements. Some binary phase compounds are molecular, e.g. carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). More typically binary phase refers to extended soli ...
of
oxygen
Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as wel ...
and
nitrogen
Nitrogen is the chemical element with the symbol N and atomic number 7. Nitrogen is a nonmetal and the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table, often called the pnictogens. It is a common element in the universe, estimated at se ...
, or a mixture of such compounds:
Charge-neutral
*
Nitric oxide
Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide) is a colorless gas with the formula . It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen. Nitric oxide is a free radical: it has an unpaired electron, which is sometimes denoted by a dot in its che ...
(NO), nitrogen(II) oxide, or nitrogen monoxide
*
Nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula . It is one of several nitrogen oxides. is an intermediate in the industrial synthesis of nitric acid, millions of tons of which are produced each year for use primarily in the producti ...
(), nitrogen(IV) oxide
*
Nitrogen trioxide (), or nitrate radical
*
Nitrous oxide
Nitrous oxide (dinitrogen oxide or dinitrogen monoxide), commonly known as laughing gas, nitrous, or nos, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula . At room temperature, it is a colourless non-flammable gas, and has a ...
(), nitrogen(0,II) oxide
*
Dinitrogen dioxide
Dinitrogen dioxide is an inorganic compound having molecular formula . Many structural isomers are possible. The covalent bonding pattern O=N–N=O (a non-cyclic dimer of nitric oxide (NO)) is predicted to be the most stable isomer based on ab in ...
(), nitrogen(II) oxide
dimer
Dimer may refer to:
* Dimer (chemistry), a chemical structure formed from two similar sub-units
** Protein dimer, a protein quaternary structure
** d-dimer
* Dimer model, an item in statistical mechanics, based on ''domino tiling''
* Julius Dimer ...
*
Dinitrogen trioxide
Dinitrogen trioxide is the chemical compound with the formula N2O3. It is one of the simple nitrogen oxides. It forms upon mixing equal parts of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide and cooling the mixture below −21 °C (−6 °F):
:NO ...
(), nitrogen(II,IV) oxide
*
Dinitrogen tetroxide
Dinitrogen tetroxide, commonly referred to as nitrogen tetroxide (NTO), and occasionally (usually among ex-USSR/Russia rocket engineers) as amyl, is the chemical compound N2O4. It is a useful reagent in chemical synthesis. It forms an equilibrium ...
(), nitrogen(IV) oxide
dimer
Dimer may refer to:
* Dimer (chemistry), a chemical structure formed from two similar sub-units
** Protein dimer, a protein quaternary structure
** d-dimer
* Dimer model, an item in statistical mechanics, based on ''domino tiling''
* Julius Dimer ...
*
Dinitrogen pentoxide
Dinitrogen pentoxide is the chemical compound with the formula , also known as nitrogen pentoxide or nitric anhydride. It is one of the binary nitrogen oxides, a family of compounds that only contain nitrogen and oxygen. It exists as colourless ...
(), nitrogen(V) oxide, or nitronium nitrate
*
Nitrosyl azide
Nitrosyl azide is a highly labile nitrogen oxide with chemical formula .
Synthesis
Nitrosyl azide can be synthesized via the following reaction of sodium azide and nitrosyl chloride at low temperatures:
:
Properties
Below −50 °C, n ...
(), nitrogen(−I,0,I,II) oxide
*
Nitryl azide ()
*
Oxatetrazole
A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a cyclic compound that has atoms of at least two different elements as members of its ring(s). Heterocyclic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, an ...
()
*
Trinitramide
Trinitramide is a compound of nitrogen and oxygen with the molecular formula N(NO2)3. The compound was detected and described in 2010 by researchers at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Sweden. It is made of a nitrogen atom bonded to thre ...
( or ), nitrogen(0,IV) oxide
Anions
*
Nitroxide
Aminoxyl denotes a radical functional group with general structure R2N–O•. It is commonly known as a nitroxyl radical or a nitroxide, however IUPAC discourages the use of these terms, as they erroneously suggest the presence of a nitro group. ...
()
*
Nitrite
The nitrite polyatomic ion, ion has the chemical formula . Nitrite (mostly sodium nitrite) is widely used throughout chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The nitrite anion is a pervasive intermediate in the nitrogen cycle in nature. The name ...
( or )
*
Nitrate
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion
A polyatomic ion, also known as a molecular ion, is a covalent bonded set of two or more atoms, or of a metal complex, that can be considered to behave as a single unit and that has a net charge that is not zer ...
()
*
Peroxynitrite
Peroxynitrite (sometimes called peroxonitrite) is an ion with the formula ONOO−. It is a structural isomer of nitrate,
Preparation
Peroxynitrite can be prepared by the reaction of superoxide with nitric oxide:
:
It is prepared by the react ...
( or )
*
Peroxynitrate
Peroxynitrate (or peroxonitrate) refers to salts of the unstable peroxynitric acid, HNO4. Peroxynitrate is unstable and decomposes to nitrate and dioxygen.
No solid peroxynitrate salts are known. However, there is a report that the Russian chemis ...
( or )
*
Orthonitrate
Orthonitrate is a tetrahedral oxoanion of nitrogen with the formula . It was first identified in 1977 and is currently known in only two compounds, sodium orthonitrate (Na3NO4) and potassium orthonitrate (K3NO4). The corresponding oxoacid, orthon ...
(, analogous to phosphate )
*
Hyponitrite
In chemistry, hyponitrite may refer to the anion ( N=NOsup>2−), or to any ionic compound that contains it. In organic chemistry, it may also refer to the group −O−N=N−O−, or any organic compound with the generic formula R1−O−N=N∠...
( or )
*
Trioxodinitrate
Angeli's salt, sodium trioxodinitrate, is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2 2O3 It contains nitrogen in an unusual reduced state. It is a colorless, water-soluble solid, a salt. In research, this salt is used as a source of the metasta ...
or hyponitrate ( or )
*
Nitroxylate Nitroxylic acid or hydronitrous acid is an unstable reduced oxonitrogen acid. It has formula H4N2O4 containing nitrogen in the +2 oxidation state. The corresponding anion called nitroxylate is or .
The first clue that nitroxylic acid exists was wh ...
( or )
*
Dinitramide ( or )
Cations
*
Nitrosonium ( or )
*
Nitronium ( or )
Atmospheric sciences
In
atmospheric chemistry
Atmospheric chemistry is a branch of atmospheric science in which the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets is studied. It is a multidisciplinary approach of research and draws on environmental chemistry, physics, meteoro ...
:
*
(or NO''x'') refers to the sum of
NO and
.
[
]
*
(or NO''y'') refers to the sum of and all oxidized atmospheric odd-nitrogen species (e.g. the sum of ,
,
, etc.)
* (or NO''z'') = −
Image:Nitric-oxide-3D-vdW.png,
Image:Nitrogen-dioxide-3D-vdW.png,
Image:Nitrous-oxide-3D-vdW.png,
Image:Dinitrogen-trioxide-3D-vdW.png,
Image:Dinitrogen-tetroxide-3D-vdW.png,
Image:Dinitrogen-pentoxide-3D-vdW.png,
Image:Trinitramide-3D-spacefill.png,
Stability
Due to relatively weak N–O bonding, all nitrogen oxides are unstable with respect to and , which is the principle behind the
catalytic converter
A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device that converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction. Catalytic converters are usually ...
and prevents the
combustion
Combustion, or burning, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. Combusti ...
of the atmosphere.
See also
*
Nitrate
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion
A polyatomic ion, also known as a molecular ion, is a covalent bonded set of two or more atoms, or of a metal complex, that can be considered to behave as a single unit and that has a net charge that is not zer ...
*
Nitrogen oxide sensor
*
Sulfur nitride Sulfur nitride may refer to a number of sulfur nitrogen compounds:
* pentasulfur hexanitride,
* tetrasulfur tetranitride,
* tetrasulfur dinitride,
* disulfur dinitride,
* polythiazyl,
* thiatetrazole,
Additionally, some unstable species are k ...
s, which are valence
isoelectronic
Isoelectronicity is a phenomenon observed when two or more molecules have the same structure (positions and connectivities among atoms) and the same electronic configurations, but differ by what specific elements are at certain locations in the ...
with nitrogen oxides
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nitrogen Oxide
Industrial gases
*