Nitrogen oxide may refer to a
binary compound of
oxygen
Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as wel ...
and
nitrogen
Nitrogen is the chemical element with the symbol N and atomic number 7. Nitrogen is a nonmetal and the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table, often called the pnictogens. It is a common element in the universe, estimated at se ...
, or a mixture of such compounds:
Charge-neutral
*
Nitric oxide
Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide) is a colorless gas with the formula . It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen. Nitric oxide is a free radical: it has an unpaired electron, which is sometimes denoted by a dot in its che ...
(NO), nitrogen(II) oxide, or nitrogen monoxide
*
Nitrogen dioxide (), nitrogen(IV) oxide
*
Nitrogen trioxide
Trioxidonitrogen(•) or nitrate radical is an oxide of nitrogen with formula , consisting of three oxygen atoms covalent bond, covalently bound to a nitrogen atom. This highly unstable blue compound has not been isolated in pure form, but can be ...
(), or nitrate radical
*
Nitrous oxide
Nitrous oxide (dinitrogen oxide or dinitrogen monoxide), commonly known as laughing gas, nitrous, or nos, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula . At room temperature, it is a colourless non-flammable gas, and has a ...
(), nitrogen(0,II) oxide
*
Dinitrogen dioxide
Dinitrogen dioxide is an inorganic compound having molecular formula . Many structural isomers are possible. The covalent bonding pattern O=N–N=O (a non-cyclic dimer of nitric oxide (NO)) is predicted to be the most stable isomer based on ab in ...
(), nitrogen(II) oxide
dimer
Dimer may refer to:
* Dimer (chemistry), a chemical structure formed from two similar sub-units
** Protein dimer, a protein quaternary structure
** d-dimer
* Dimer model, an item in statistical mechanics, based on ''domino tiling''
* Julius Dimer ( ...
*
Dinitrogen trioxide (), nitrogen(II,IV) oxide
*
Dinitrogen tetroxide
Dinitrogen tetroxide, commonly referred to as nitrogen tetroxide (NTO), and occasionally (usually among ex-USSR/Russia rocket engineers) as amyl, is the chemical compound N2O4. It is a useful reagent in chemical synthesis. It forms an equilibrium ...
(), nitrogen(IV) oxide
dimer
Dimer may refer to:
* Dimer (chemistry), a chemical structure formed from two similar sub-units
** Protein dimer, a protein quaternary structure
** d-dimer
* Dimer model, an item in statistical mechanics, based on ''domino tiling''
* Julius Dimer ( ...
*
Dinitrogen pentoxide (), nitrogen(V) oxide, or nitronium nitrate
*
Nitrosyl azide
Nitrosyl azide is a highly labile nitrogen oxide with chemical formula .
Synthesis
Nitrosyl azide can be synthesized via the following reaction of sodium azide and nitrosyl chloride at low temperatures:
:
Properties
Below −50 °C, n ...
(), nitrogen(−I,0,I,II) oxide
*
Nitryl azide
Nitryl azide (tetranitrogen dioxide) is an unstable nitrogen oxide consisting of a covalent nitrogen–nitrogen bond between a nitro group and an azide. It has been detected by infrared spectroscopy as a short-lived product of the reaction between ...
()
*
Oxatetrazole ()
*
Trinitramide ( or ), nitrogen(0,IV) oxide
Anions
*
Nitroxide ()
*
Nitrite
The nitrite polyatomic ion, ion has the chemical formula . Nitrite (mostly sodium nitrite) is widely used throughout chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The nitrite anion is a pervasive intermediate in the nitrogen cycle in nature. The name ...
( or )
*
Nitrate
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion
A polyatomic ion, also known as a molecular ion, is a covalent bonded set of two or more atoms, or of a metal complex, that can be considered to behave as a single unit and that has a net charge that is not zer ...
()
*
Peroxynitrite ( or )
*
Peroxynitrate
Peroxynitrate (or peroxonitrate) refers to salts of the unstable peroxynitric acid, HNO4. Peroxynitrate is unstable and decomposes to nitrate and dioxygen.
No solid peroxynitrate salts are known. However, there is a report that the Russian chemis ...
( or )
*
Orthonitrate
Orthonitrate is a tetrahedral oxoanion of nitrogen with the formula . It was first identified in 1977 and is currently known in only two compounds, sodium orthonitrate (Na3NO4) and potassium orthonitrate (K3NO4). The corresponding oxoacid, orthon ...
(, analogous to phosphate )
*
Hyponitrite
In chemistry, hyponitrite may refer to the anion ( N=NOsup>2−), or to any ionic compound that contains it. In organic chemistry, it may also refer to the group −O−N=N−O−, or any organic compound with the generic formula R1−O−N=N∠...
( or )
*
Trioxodinitrate
Angeli's salt, sodium trioxodinitrate, is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2 2O3 It contains nitrogen in an unusual reduced state. It is a colorless, water-soluble solid, a salt. In research, this salt is used as a source of the metastab ...
or hyponitrate ( or )
*
Nitroxylate Nitroxylic acid or hydronitrous acid is an unstable reduced oxonitrogen acid. It has formula H4N2O4 containing nitrogen in the +2 oxidation state. The corresponding anion called nitroxylate is or .
The first clue that nitroxylic acid exists was wh ...
( or )
*
Dinitramide ( or )
Cations
*
Nitrosonium
The nitrosonium ion is , in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a bond order of 3, and the overall diatomic species bears a positive charge. It can be viewed as nitric oxide with one electron removed. This ion is usually obta ...
( or )
*
Nitronium
The nitronium ion, , is a cation. It is an onium ion because its nitrogen atom has +1 charge, similar to ammonium ion . It is created by the removal of an electron from the paramagnetic nitrogen dioxide molecule , or the protonation of nitric aci ...
( or )
Atmospheric sciences
In
atmospheric chemistry:
*
(or NO''x'') refers to the sum of
NO and
.
[
]
*
(or NO''y'') refers to the sum of and all oxidized atmospheric odd-nitrogen species (e.g. the sum of ,
,
, etc.)
* (or NO''z'') = −
Image:Nitric-oxide-3D-vdW.png,
Image:Nitrogen-dioxide-3D-vdW.png,
Image:Nitrous-oxide-3D-vdW.png,
Image:Dinitrogen-trioxide-3D-vdW.png,
Image:Dinitrogen-tetroxide-3D-vdW.png,
Image:Dinitrogen-pentoxide-3D-vdW.png,
Image:Trinitramide-3D-spacefill.png,
Stability
Due to relatively weak N–O bonding, all nitrogen oxides are unstable with respect to and , which is the principle behind the
catalytic converter
A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device that converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction. Catalytic converters are usually ...
and prevents the
combustion
Combustion, or burning, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. Combusti ...
of the atmosphere.
See also
*
Nitrate
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion
A polyatomic ion, also known as a molecular ion, is a covalent bonded set of two or more atoms, or of a metal complex, that can be considered to behave as a single unit and that has a net charge that is not zer ...
*
Nitrogen oxide sensor
A nitrogen oxide sensor or sensor is typically a high-temperature device built to detect nitrogen oxides in combustion environments such as an automobile, truck tailpipe or smokestack.
Overview
The term represents several forms of nitrogen ox ...
*
Sulfur nitrides, which are valence
isoelectronic with nitrogen oxides
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nitrogen Oxide
Industrial gases
*