''Niphargus'' is by far the largest

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of its

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all

freshwater Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. Although the term specifically excludes seawater and brackish water, it does include ...

amphipod Amphipoda is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods range in size from and are mostly detritivores or scavengers. There are more than 9,900 amphipod species so far descr ...

genera. Usually, these animals inhabit

cave A cave or cavern is a natural void in the ground, specifically a space large enough for a human to enter. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. The word ''cave'' can refer to smaller openings such as sea ...

s or

groundwater Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in rock and soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. About 30 percent of all readily available freshwater in the world is groundwater. A unit of rock or an unconsolidate ...

. They occur in western

Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago a ...

, in regions that were not covered by the

Pleistocene The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the ''Ice age'') is the geological Epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was fina ...

ice sheets. They are found throughout most of Europe with the notable exception of the Nordics and they are also largely missing from

Iberia The Iberian Peninsula (), ** * Aragonese and Occitan: ''Peninsula Iberica'' ** ** * french: Péninsule Ibérique * mwl, Península Eibérica * eu, Iberiar penintsula also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in southwestern Europe, defi ...

. The genus extends into Asia as far as the

Arabian Peninsula The Arabian Peninsula, (; ar, شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّة, , "Arabian Peninsula" or , , "Island of the Arabs") or Arabia, is a peninsula of Western Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plate ...

and

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

. In their main range – the central

Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the e ...

region through

Central Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object. Central may also refer to: Directions and generalised locations * Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...

and

Eastern Europe Eastern Europe is a subregion of the Europe, European continent. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural, and socio-economic connotations. The vast majority of the region is covered by Russ ...

to the

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...

– they are among the most significant organisms inhabiting the groundwater. In the Dinaric Alps alone there are at least 45 species. There are also six species in the British Isles (the northernmost ''Niphargus''): ''N. aquilex'', ''N. fontanus'', ''N. glenniei'' and ''N. kochianus'' of

Great Britain Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island and the ninth-largest island in the world. It is ...

, and ''N. irlandicus'' and ''N. wexfordensis'' of

Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...

. Although the individual species often have very small ranges and only live at a narrow water temperature range, the genus includes both species of cold and relatively warm places, taken to the extreme in ''N. thermalis'' from

thermal water A hot spring, hydrothermal spring, or geothermal spring is a spring produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater onto the surface of the Earth. The groundwater is heated either by shallow bodies of magma (molten rock) or by circ ...

s. ''Niphargus'' are extremely variable in their appearance (more so than even some amphipod families), but are whitish and completely lack eyes. They are fairly small, ranging from about in length in the smallest species to about in the largest. At least some of the species are highly resistant to starvation and able to survive for more than 200 days without food.

Species

The

taxonomy Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

of ''Niphargus'' is highly complex. The genus contains the following species: *''

Niphargus abchasicus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Martynov, 1932 *''

Niphargus aberrans ''Niphargus aberrans'' is a species of crustacean in the family Niphargidae. It is endemic to Slovenia Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is b ...

'' Sket, 1972 *''

Niphargus ablaskiri ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Birstein, 1940 *'' Niphargus abricossovi'' Birstein, 1932 *'' Niphargus adbiptus'' G. Karaman, 1973 *'' Niphargus adei'' S. Karaman, 1934 *'' Niphargus affinis'' Dobreanu, Manolache & Puscariu, 1953 *'' Niphargus aggtelekiensis'' Dudich, 1932 *'' Niphargus alasonius'' Derzhavin, 1945 *'' Niphargus alatus'' G. Karaman, 1973 *'' Niphargus alpinus'' G. Karaman & Ruffo, 1989 *'' Niphargus altagahizi'' Alouf, 1973 *'' Niphargus alutensis'' Dancau, 1971 *'' Niphargus ambulator'' G. Karaman, 1975 *'' Niphargus anatolicus'' S. Karaman, 1950 *''

Niphargus andropus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Schellenberg, 1940 *''

Niphargus angelieri ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Ruffo, 1954 *''

Niphargus anticolanus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' d’Ancona, 1934 *''

Niphargus apuanus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Ruffo, 1936 *'' Niphargus aquilex'' Schioedte, 1855 *'' Niphargus arbiter'' G. Karaman, 1985 *'' Niphargus arcanus'' G. Karaman, 1988 *'' Niphargus armatus'' G. Karaman, 1985 *'' Niphargus asper'' G. Karaman, 1972 *''

Niphargus auerbachi ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Schellenberg, 1934 *'' Niphargus aulicus'' G. S. Karaman, 1991 *'' Niphargus bajuvaricus'' Schellenberg, 1932 *'' Niphargus balazuci'' Schellenberg, 1951 *'' Niphargus balcanicus'' Absolon, 1927 *'' Niphargus baloghi'' Dudich, 1940 *''

Niphargus banaticus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Dobreanu & Manolache, 1936 *'' Niphargus banjanus'' S. Karaman, 1943 *'' Niphargus barbatus'' Karaman, 1985 *'' Niphargus bihorensis'' Schellenberg, 1940 *''

Niphargus bilecanus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' S. Karaman, 1953 *'' Niphargus biljanae'' Karaman, 1998 *'' Niphargus birsteini'' Dedyu, 1963 *'' Niphargus bitoljensis'' S. Karaman, 1943 *''

Niphargus bodoni ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Karaman, 1985 *''

Niphargus borkanus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' S. Karaman, 1960 *'' Niphargus borutzkyi'' Birstein, 1933 *'' Niphargus boskovici'' S. Karaman, 1952 *'' Niphargus bosniacus'' S. Karaman, 1943 *''

Niphargus boulangei ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Wichers, 1964 *'' Niphargus brachytelson'' S. Karaman, 1952 *'' Niphargus brevicuspis'' Schellenberg, 1937 *'' Niphargus brevirostris'' Sket, 1971 *'' Niphargus brixianus'' Ruffo, 1937 *''

Niphargus bulgaricus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Andreev, 2001 *'' Niphargus bureschi'' Fage, 1926 *'' Niphargus burgundus'' Graf & Straskraba, 1967 *'' Niphargus buturovici'' S. Karaman, 1958 *'' Niphargus caelestis'' G. Karaman, 1982 *''

Niphargus canui ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' G. Karaman, 1976 *'' Niphargus carcerarius'' G. Karaman, 1989 *'' Niphargus carniolicus'' Sket, 1960 *'' Niphargus carpathicus'' Dobreanu & Manolache, 1939 *''

Niphargus carpathorossicus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Straskraba, 1957 *'' Niphargus carsicus'' Straskraba, 1956 *'' Niphargus casimiriensis'' Skalski, 1980 *''

Niphargus castellanus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' S. Karaman, 1960 *''

Niphargus catalogus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' G. S. Karaman, 1995 *'' Niphargus cavernicolus'' Dobreanu & Manolache, 1957 *'' Niphargus cepelarensis'' S. Karaman & G. Karaman, 1959 *'' Niphargus ciliatus'' Chevreux, 1906 *'' Niphargus cismontanus'' Margalef, 1952 *'' Niphargus corinae'' Dedyu, 1963 *'' Niphargus corniculanus'' Iannilli&Vigna-Taglianti, 2005 *'' Niphargus corsicanus'' Schellenberg, 1950 *'' Niphargus costozzae'' Schellenberg, 1935 *''

Niphargus croaticus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Jurinac, 1888 *''

Niphargus cubanicus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Birstein, 1954 *'' Niphargus cvijici'' S. Karaman, 1950 *'' Niphargus d’anconai'' Benedetti, 1942 *'' Niphargus dabarensis'' Fišer, Trontelj & Sket, 2006 *''

Niphargus dacicus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Dancau, 1963 *'' Niphargus dalmatinus'' Schaferna, 1922 *''

Niphargus danconai ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Benedetti, 1942 *''

'' S. Karaman, 1954 *'' Niphargus danielopoli'' Karaman, 1994 *''

Niphargus debilis ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Ruffo, 1936 *''

Niphargus decui ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' G. Karaman & Sarbu, 1995 *'' Niphargus deelemanae'' G. Karaman, 1973 *'' Niphargus delamarei'' Ruffo, 1954 *'' Niphargus derzhavini'' Birstein, 1952 *'' Niphargus dimorphopus'' Stock & Gledhill, 1977 *'' Niphargus dimorphus'' Birstein, 1961 *'' Niphargus dissonus'' G. Karaman, 1984 *''

Niphargus dobati ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Sket, 1999 *''

Niphargus dobrogicus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Dancau, 1964 *'' Niphargus dojranensis'' G. Karaman, 1960 *'' Niphargus dolenianesis'' Lorenzi, 1898 *'' Niphargus dolichopus'' Fišer, Trontelj & Sket, 2006 *'' Niphargus dubius'' Dobreanu & Manolache *'' Niphargus dudichi'' Hanko, 1924 *''

Niphargus duplus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' G. Karaman, 1976 *'' Niphargus echion'' G. Karaman & Gottstein Matočec, 2006 *''

Niphargus effossus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Dudich, 1943 *'' Niphargus elegans'' Garbini, 1894 *'' Niphargus enslini'' S. Karaman, 1932 *'' Niphargus eugeniae'' Derzhavin, 1945 *'' Niphargus factor'' Sket & G. Karaman, 1990 *''

Niphargus fontanus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Bate, 1859 *''

Niphargus fongi ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Fišer & Zagmajster, 2009 *'' Niphargus fontophilus'' S. Karaman, 1943 *''

Niphargus foreli ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Humbert, 1877 *'' Niphargus forroi'' Karaman, 1986 *''

Niphargus galenae ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Derzhavin, 1939 *'' Niphargus gallicus'' Schellenberg, 1935 *'' Niphargus galvagnii'' Ruffo, 1953 *'' Niphargus gebhardti'' Schellenberg, 1934 *'' Niphargus georgievi'' S. Karaman & G. Karaman, 1959 *'' Niphargus gineti'' Bou, 1965 *'' Niphargus glontii'' Behning, 1940 *'' Niphargus graecus'' S. Karaman, 1934 *'' Niphargus grandii'' Ruffo, 1937 *† '' Niphargus groehni'' Coleman & Myers, 2001 *'' Niphargus gurjanovae'' Birstein, 1941 *''

Niphargus hadzii ''Niphargus hadzii'' is a species of crustacean in family Niphargidae. It is endemic to Slovenia Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is border ...

'' Rejic, 1956 *'' Niphargus hebereri'' Schellenberg, 1933 *'' Niphargus hercegovinensis'' S. Karaman, 1950 *''

Niphargus hoverlicus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Dedyu, 1963 *'' Niphargus hrabei'' S. Karaman, 1932 *'' Niphargus hungaricus'' Mehely, 1937 *''

Niphargus hvarensis ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' S. Karaman, 1952 *''

Niphargus ictus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' G. Karaman, 1985 *'' Niphargus illidzensis'' Schaferna, 1922 *'' Niphargus incertus'' Dobreanu, Manolache & Puscariu, 1951 *'' Niphargus inclinatus'' G. Karaman, 1973 *''

Niphargus inermis ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Birstein, 1940 *'' Niphargus iniochus'' Birstein, 1941 *'' Niphargus inopinatus'' Schellenberg, 1932 *''

Niphargus inornatus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Derzhavin, 1945 *'' Niphargus irlandicus'' Schellenberg, 1932 *'' Niphargus italicus'' G. Karaman, 1976 *'' Niphargus itus'' G. Karaman, 1986 *'' Niphargus ivokaramani'' G. Karaman, 1994 *'' Niphargus jadranko'' Sket & G. Karaman, 1990 *'' Niphargus jalzici'' G. Karaman, 1989 *'' Niphargus jaroschenkoi'' Dedyu, 1963 *'' Niphargus jovanovici'' S. Karaman, 1931 *'' Niphargus jugoslavicus'' G. Karaman, 1982 *'' Niphargus jurinaci'' S. Karaman, 1950 *'' Niphargus karamani'' Schellenberg, 1935 *'' Niphargus kenki'' S. Karaman, 1952 *'' Niphargus kieferi'' Schellenberg, 1936 *''

Niphargus kirgizi ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Fišer, Çamur-Elipek & Özbek, 2009 *'' Niphargus kochianus'' Bate, 1859 *'' Niphargus kolombatovici'' S. Karaman, 1950 *'' Niphargus komareki'' S. Karaman, 1932 *'' Niphargus korosensis'' Dudich, 1943 *'' Niphargus kosanini'' S. Karaman, 1943 *'' Niphargus kragujevensis'' S. Karaman, 1950 *'' Niphargus krameri'' Schellenberg, 1935 *''

Niphargus kurdus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Derzhavin, 1945 *''

Niphargus kusceri ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' S. Karaman, 1950 *''

Niphargus labacensis ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Sket, 1956 *''

Niphargus ladmiraulti ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Chevreux, 1901 *'' Niphargus laisi'' Schellenberg, 1936 *'' Niphargus laticaudatus'' Schellenberg, 1940 *'' Niphargus latimanus'' Birstein, 1952 *'' Niphargus lattingerae'' G. Karaman, 1983 *'' Niphargus leopoliensis'' Jaworowski, 1893 *''

Niphargus lessiniensis ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Stoch, 1998 *'' Niphargus liburnicus'' G. Karaman & Sket, 1989 *'' Niphargus likanus'' S. Karaman, 1952 *''

Niphargus lindbergi ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' S. Karaman, 1956 *'' Niphargus longicaudatus'' A. Costa, 1851 *'' Niphargus longidactylus'' Ruffo, 1937 *'' Niphargus longiflagellum'' S. Karaman, 1950 *''

Niphargus lori ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Derzhavin, 1945 *'' Niphargus lourensis'' Fišer, Trontelj & Sket, 2006 *'' Niphargus lunaris'' G. Karaman, 1985 *''

Niphargus macedonicus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' S. Karaman, 1929 *'' Niphargus magnus'' Birstein, 1940 *'' Niphargus maximus'' S. Karaman, 1929 *'' Niphargus mediodanubilais'' Dudich, 1941 *'' Niphargus medvednicae'' S. Karaman, 1950 *'' Niphargus melticensis'' Dancau & Andreev, 1973 *'' Niphargus meridionalis'' Dobreanu & Manolache, 1942 *'' Niphargus messanai'' G. Karaman, 1989 *'' Niphargus microcerberus'' Sket, 1972 *''

Niphargus miljeticus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Straškraba, 1959 *'' Niphargus minor'' Sket, 1956 *'' Niphargus moldavicus'' Dobreanu, Manolache & Puscariu, 1953 *''

Niphargus molnari ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Mehely, 1927 *''

Niphargus montellianus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Stoch, 1998 *'' Niphargus montenigrinus'' G. Karaman, 1962 *'' Niphargus multipennatus'' Sket, 1956 *'' Niphargus nadarini'' Alouf, 1972 *''

Niphargus nicaensis ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Isnard, 1916 *'' Niphargus novomestanus'' S. Karaman, 1952 *''

Niphargus numerus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' G. Karaman & Sket, 1990 *'' Niphargus occultus'' G. Karaman, 1993-94 *'' Niphargus ohridanus'' S. Karaman, 1929 *'' Niphargus orcinus'' Joseph, 1869 *'' Niphargus orientalis'' S. Karaman, 1950 *'' Niphargus osogovensis'' S. Karaman, 1959 *'' Niphargus otharicus'' Birstein, 1952 *'' Niphargus pachypus'' Schellenberg, 1933 *'' Niphargus pachytelson'' Sket, 1960 *''

Niphargus pancici ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' S. Karaman, 1929 *'' Niphargus pannonicus'' S. Karaman, 1950 *''

Niphargus parapupetta ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' G. Karaman, 1984 *'' Niphargus parenzani'' Ruffo & Vigna–Taglianti, 1968 *'' Niphargus parvus'' S. Karaman, 1943 *'' Niphargus pasquinii'' Vigna-Taglianti, 1966 *'' Niphargus pater'' Mehely, 1941 *'' Niphargus patrizii'' Ruffo & Vigna–Taglianti, 1968 *'' Niphargus pavicevici'' G. Karaman, 1976 *'' Niphargus pecarensis'' S. Karaman & G. Karaman, 1959 *'' Niphargus pectencoronatae'' Sket & G. Karaman, 1990 *'' Niphargus pectinicauda'' Sket, 1971 *'' Niphargus pedemontanus'' Ruffo, 1937 *'' Niphargus pellagonicus'' S. Karaman, 1943 *'' Niphargus pescei'' G. Karaman, 1984 *'' Niphargus petkovskii'' G. Karaman, 1963 *'' Niphargus petrosani'' Dobreanu & Manolache, 1933 *'' Niphargus phreaticolus'' Motas, Dobreanu & Manolache, 1948 *'' Niphargus plateaui'' Chevreux, 1901 *'' Niphargus pliginskii'' Martynov, 1930 *'' Niphargus podgoricensis'' S. Karaman, 1934 *'' Niphargus podpecanus'' S. Karaman, 1952 *'' Niphargus poianoi'' G. Karaman, 1988 *'' Niphargus polonicus'' Schellenberg, 1936 *'' Niphargus poloninicus'' Straškraba, 1957 *'' Niphargus polymorphus'' Fišer, Trontelj & Sket, 2006 *'' Niphargus ponoricus'' Dancau, 1963 *'' Niphargus potamophilus'' Birstein, 1954 *''

Niphargus pretneri ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Sket, 1959 *'' Niphargus pseudocaspius'' G. Karaman, 1982 *'' Niphargus pseudokochianus'' Dobreanu, Manolache & Puscariu, 1953 *'' Niphargus pseudolatimanus'' Birstein, 1952 *'' Niphargus pulevici'' G. Karaman, 1967 *'' Niphargus pupetta'' Sket, 1962 *'' Niphargus puteanus'' (C. L. Koch, 1836) *'' Niphargus rajecensis'' Schellenberg, 1938 *'' Niphargus ravanicanus'' S. Karaman, 1943 *'' Niphargus redenseki'' Sket, 1959 *'' Niphargus rejici'' Sket, 1958 *''

Niphargus remus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' G. Karaman, 1992 *''

Niphargus remyi ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' S. Karaman, 1934 *'' Niphargus renei'' Karaman, 1986 *'' Niphargus rhenorhodanensis'' Schellenberg, 1937 *'' Niphargus rhodi'' S. Karaman, 1950 *'' Niphargus robustus'' Chevreux, 1901 *'' Niphargus romanicus'' Dobreanu & Manolache, 1942 *''

Niphargus romuleus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Vigna-Taglianti, 1968 *'' Niphargus rostratus'' Sket, 1971 *'' Niphargus rucneri'' G. Karaman, 1962 *''

Niphargus ruffoi ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' G. Karaman, 1976 *'' Niphargus salonitanus'' S. Karaman, 1950 *''

Niphargus sanctinaumi ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' S. Karaman, 1943 *'' Niphargus schellenbergi'' S. Karaman, 1932 *'' Niphargus schusteri'' G. Karaman, 1991 *''

Niphargus scopicauda ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Fišer, Coleman, Zagmajster, Zwittnig, Gerecke & Sket, 2010 *''

Niphargus serbicus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' S. Karaman, 1960 *'' Niphargus sertaci'' Fišer, Çamur-Elipek & Özbek, 2009 *'' Niphargus setiferus'' Schellenberg, 1937 *'' Niphargus sibillinianus'' G. Karaman, 1984 *'' Niphargus similis'' G. Karaman & Ruffo, 1989 *'' Niphargus sketi'' G. Karaman, 1966 *'' Niphargus skopljensis'' S. Karaman, 1929 *'' Niphargus slovenicus'' S. Karaman, 1932 *'' Niphargus smederevanus'' S. Karaman, 1950 *'' Niphargus smirnovi'' Birstein, 1952 *'' Niphargus sodalis'' G. Karaman, 1984 *'' Niphargus somesensis'' Motas, Dobreanu & Manolache, 1948 *'' Niphargus speziae'' Schellenberg, 1936 *'' Niphargus sphagnicolus'' Rejic, 1956 *'' Niphargus spinulifemur'' S. Karaman, 1954 *'' Niphargus spoeckeri'' Schellenberg, 1933 *''

Niphargus stadleri ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' S. Karaman, 1932 *''

Niphargus stankoi ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' G. Karaman, 1974 *'' Niphargus stebbingi'' Cecchini *'' Niphargus stefanellii'' Ruffo & Vigna-Taglianti, 1968 *''

Niphargus stenopus ''Niphargus stenopus'' is a species of freshwater amphipod crustacean which is endemic to Slovenia Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is borde ...

'' Sket, 1960 *'' Niphargus steueri'' Schellenberg, 1935 *''

Niphargus stochi ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' G. Karaman, 1994 *'' Niphargus strouhali'' Schellenberg, 1933 *''

Niphargus stygius ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Schiodte, 1847 –

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...

*'' Niphargus stygocharis'' Dudich, 1943 *'' Niphargus submersus'' Derzhavin, 1945 *'' Niphargus subtypicus'' Sket, 1960 *''

Niphargus talikadzei ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Giliarov, Lagidze, Levushkin & Talikadze, 1974 *''

Niphargus tamaninii ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Ruffo, 1953 *''

Niphargus tatrensis ''Niphargus tatrensis'' is a troglobitic species of crustacean in the family Niphargidae, living in the karst waters of Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. It can be found in caves, and also in karst springs and in wells i ...

'' Wrzesniowsky, 1888 *'' Niphargus tauri'' Schellenberg, 1933 *'' Niphargus tauricus'' Birstein, 1964 *'' Niphargus tenuicaudatus'' Schellenberg, 1940 *'' Niphargus thermalis'' Dudich, 1941 *'' Niphargus thienemanni'' Schellenberg, 1934 *'' Niphargus thuringius'' Schellenberg, 1934 *'' Niphargus timavi'' S. Karaman, 1954 *'' Niphargus toplicensis'' Andreev, 1966 *'' Niphargus transitivus'' Sket, 1971 *'' Niphargus transsylvanicus'' Schellenberg, 1934 *''

Niphargus tridentinus ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Stoch, 1998 *'' Niphargus trullipes'' Sket, 1958 *'' Niphargus vadimi'' Birstein, 1961 *'' Niphargus valachicus'' Dobreanu & Manolache, 1933 *''

Niphargus vandeli ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' Barbe, 1961 *'' Niphargus variabilis'' Dobreanu, Manolache & Puscariu, 1953 *''

Niphargus velesensis ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' S. Karaman, 1943 *''

Niphargus versluysi ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' S. Karaman, 1950 *'' Niphargus vinodolensis'' Fišer, Sket & Stoch, 2006 *'' Niphargus virei'' Chevreux, 1896 *''

Niphargus vjeternicensis ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' S. Karaman, 1932 *'' Niphargus vlkanovi'' S. Karaman & G. Karaman, 1959 *''

Niphargus vodnensis ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' S. Karaman, 1943 *'' Niphargus vornatscheri'' Schellenberg, 1934 *''

Niphargus vranjinae ''Niphargus'' is by far the largest genus of its family, the Niphargidae, and the largest of all freshwater amphipod genera. Usually, these animals inhabit caves or groundwater. They occur in western Eurasia, in regions that were not covered by ...

'' G. Karaman, 1967 *'' Niphargus vulgaris'' G. Karaman, 1968 *'' Niphargus wexfordensis'' Karaman, Gledhill & Holmes, 1994 *'' Niphargus wolfi'' Schellenberg, 1933 *'' Niphargus zagrebensis'' S. Karaman, 1950 *'' Niphargus zavalanus'' S. Karaman, 1950 *'' Niphargus zorae'' G. Karaman, 1967

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1643856 Niphargidae Crustacean genera Taxa named by Jørgen Matthias Christian Schiødte Taxonomy articles created by Polbot