Nikolai Alexandrovich Yaroshenko (russian: Николай Александрович Ярошенко; uk, Микола Олександрович Ярошенко; – ) was a
Russian
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
Imperial painter of
Ukrainian origin.
Yaroshenko painted many portraits, genre paintings, and drawings. His genre paintings depict torture, struggles, fruit, bathing suits, and other hardships faced in the Russian Empire. During the last two decades of the 19th century, he was one of the leading painters of
realism
Realism, Realistic, or Realists may refer to:
In the arts
*Realism (arts), the general attempt to depict subjects truthfully in different forms of the arts
Arts movements related to realism include:
*Classical Realism
*Literary realism, a move ...
in the Eastern Europe.
Biography
Nikolai Alexandrovich Yaroshenko was born on in the city of
Poltava,
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
(now
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
) to a son of an officer in the
Russian Army
The Russian Ground Forces (russian: Сухопутные войска ВSukhoputnyye voyska V}), also known as the Russian Army (, ), are the land forces of the Russian Armed Forces.
The primary responsibilities of the Russian Ground Force ...
. He chose a military career, studying at the
Poltava Cadet Academy and later the Mikhailovsky Military Artillery Academy in
Saint Peterburg, but he also studied
art
Art is a diverse range of human activity, and resulting product, that involves creative or imaginative talent expressive of technical proficiency, beauty, emotional power, or conceptual ideas.
There is no generally agreed definition of wha ...
at
Kramskoi's drawing school and at the
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
Imperial Academy of Arts
The Russian Academy of Arts, informally known as the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts, was an art academy in Saint Petersburg, founded in 1757 by the founder of the Imperial Moscow University Ivan Shuvalov under the name ''Academy of the T ...
.
In 1876, he became a leading member of a group of
Russian
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
painters called the
Peredvizhniki
Peredvizhniki ( rus, Передви́жники, , pʲɪrʲɪˈdvʲiʐnʲɪkʲɪ), often called The Wanderers or The Itinerants in English, were a group of Russian realist artists who formed an artists' cooperative in protest of academic restr ...
(also known as the Itinerants or Wanderers). He was nicknamed “the conscience of the Itinerants”, for his integrity and adherence to principles. Yaroshenko retired as a
Major General
Major general (abbreviated MG, maj. gen. and similar) is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general. The disappearance of the "sergeant" in the title explains the apparent confusion of ...
in 1892.
Yaroshenko spent some years in the regions of
Poltava and
Chernigov
Chernihiv ( uk, Черні́гів, , russian: Черни́гов, ; pl, Czernihów, ; la, Czernihovia), is a city and municipality in northern Ukraine, which serves as the administrative center of Chernihiv Oblast and Chernihiv Raion within t ...
, and his later years in
Kislovodsk
Kislovodsk (russian: Кислово́дск, lit. ''sour waters''; ; krc, Ачысуу) is a spa city in Stavropol Krai, Russia, in the North Caucasus region of Russia which is located between the Black and Caspian Seas.
Population:
History ...
, in the
Caucasus
The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia (country), Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range ...
Mountains, where he moved due to ill health. He died of
phthisis
Phthisis may refer to:
Mythology
* Phthisis (mythology), Classical/Greco-Roman personification of rot, decay and putrefaction
Medical terms
* Phthisis bulbi, shrunken, nonfunctional eye
* Phthisis miliaris, miliary tuberculosis
* Phthisis pulmo ...
(pulmonary tuberculosis or consumption) in
Kislovodsk
Kislovodsk (russian: Кислово́дск, lit. ''sour waters''; ; krc, Ачысуу) is a spa city in Stavropol Krai, Russia, in the North Caucasus region of Russia which is located between the Black and Caspian Seas.
Population:
History ...
on and was buried there.
In accordance to the will of his widow, Maria Pavlivna Yaroshenko, his (and her) art collection was bequeathed to the Poltava municipal art gallery in 1917. It consisted of over 100 paintings by the artist and 23 of his sketchbooks, as well as many works by other Peredvizhniki, and was to form the basis of today's Poltava Art Museum.
[''Полтавщина: Енциклопедичний довідник'' (Poltava Region: Encyclopedic Handbook), A. V. Kudrytskyi, ed. Kyiv: "Українська енциклопедія" (Ukrainian Encyclopedia publishing house), 1992, 1002 pages, reproduced i]
Особности. Микола Олексaндрович Ярошенко
(in Ukrainian). Consulted 22 December 2010.
Selected paintings
1878. Nikolaj Alexandrowitsch Jaroschenko 005.jpg, ''The Stoker'', 1878.
Nikolaj Alexandrowitsch Jaroschenko 002.jpg, ''The Prisoner'', 1878.
Nikolaj Alexandrowitsch Jaroschenko 003.jpg, ''The Student'', 1881.
Yaroshenko-28-150x150.jpg, ''Kicked out'', 1883
Nikolaj Alexandrowitsch Jaroschenko 004.jpg, ''In a Warm Land'', 1890.
1888. Nikolaj Alexandrowitsch Jaroschenko 008.jpg, ''Life Is Everywhere'', 1888.
Gypsy Woman.jpg, ''Gypsy Woman'' (1886) Oil on Canvas.
Vladimir Solovyov 1892 by Nikolay Yarochenko.jpg, Portrait of Vladimir Solovyov, 1892.
Слепцы.jpg, ''The Blind'' or ''Group of Blind People'' (1879).
Шат-гора (Эльбрус).jpg, ''El Brus'' (1884), Caucasus Mountains
The Caucasus Mountains,
: pronounced
* hy, Կովկասյան լեռներ,
: pronounced
* az, Qafqaz dağları, pronounced
* rus, Кавка́зские го́ры, Kavkázskiye góry, kɐfˈkasːkʲɪje ˈɡorɨ
* tr, Kafkas Dağla ...
.
Nikolaj Alexandrowitsch Jaroschenko 001.jpg, ''El Brus behind the Clouds'' (1894).
Кавказ. Тебердинское озеро.jpg, ''Lake Teberdinsky, Caucasus'' (1894).
References
External links
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yaroshenko, Nikolai Alexandrovich
1846 births
1898 deaths
Artists from Poltava
19th-century painters from the Russian Empire
Russian male painters
19th-century Ukrainian painters
19th-century Ukrainian male artists
19th-century male artists from the Russian Empire
Peredvizhniki
Ukrainian male painters
Russian people of Ukrainian descent
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Tuberculosis deaths in Russia